Art Appreciation PDF

ART APPRECIATION This course is an exploration of visual art forms and their cultural connections for the student with little experience in the visual arts. It includes a brief study of art history and in depth studies of the elements, media, and methods used in c...

ART APPRECIATION This course is an exploration of visual art forms and their cultural connections for the student with little experience in the visual arts. It includes a brief study of art history and in depth studies of the elements, media, and methods used in creative processes and thought. In this course, students will learn how to develop a five-step system for understanding visual art in all forms based on: 1. Description: Explaining a work of art from an objective point of view, its physical attributes, and formal construction. 2. Analysis: A detailed look at a work of art that combines physical attributes with subjective statements based on the viewer’s reaction to the work. 3. Context: Any historical, religious, or environmental information that surrounds a particular work of art and which helps to understand the work’s meaning. 4. Meaning: A statement of the work’s content. A message or narrative expressed by the subject matter. 5. Judgment: A critical point of view about a work of art concerning its aesthetic or cultural value. After completing this course, students will be able to interpret works of art based on this five-step system of analysis; explain the processes involved in artistic production, themes, and the political, social, cultural, and aesthetic issues that artists examine in their work; and explain the role and effect of the visual arts in societies, history, and other world cultures. COURSE LEVEL OBJECTIVES  Interpret examples of visual art using a five step critical process:description, analysis, context, meaning and judgment.  Identify and describe the elements and principles of art.  Utilize analytical skills to connect formal attributes of art with their meaning and expression.  Explain in writing the role and effect of the visual arts in societies, history, and other world cultures.  Articulate in writing the themes and issues that artists examine in their work.  Identify the processes and materials involved in art production.  Utilize information to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information about visual art in its various forms.  Communicate effectively with others to understand and appreciate the variety of responses art provokes. HUMANITIES  A versatile subject which consists of the seven arts: painting, sculpture, architecture, music and dance, literature, theater and cinema. These seven arts are the branches of learning that will help you understand the study of humanities.  It comes from the word “humanus” meaning humane, cultured and refined. To be human is to posses the qualities and attributes of man and have the feelings and dispositions proper to man. It is also a study of the different cultural aspects analyzes man’s frailties in life and how this can be improved.  Culture basically includes speech, knowledge, beliefs, arts, technologies, ideals and rules. To be cultured means to be refined and well-versed in the arts, philosophy and languages. It is also a means of misunderstanding man and his affairs. ARTS  Art is very vital in our daily existence.  The arts the concrete evidences in the study of humanities. The body of arts consists of ideas, beliefs and values of the past, present and even of the future.  It comes from the Aryan root word, “AR” which means to join or to put together. The Latin terms “ARS” means everything that is artificially made or composed by man.  According to Leo Tolstoy, “art is a means of union among all men, a means of communication.” To Aristotle, “art has no other end but itself. All arts are patterned on nature. It is also the right reason for making things.” Scope of Humanities The humanities is a many-faceted subject. It consists of the visual arts, literature, drama and theater, music and dance. 1. The visual arts are those we perceive with our eyes. They may be classified into two groups: Graphic arts-two-dimensional surface. This term covers any form of visual artistic representation especially painting, drawing, photography, etc. Plastic arts-three-dimensional surface. This group includes all fields of visual arts in which materials are organized into three- dimensional forms like architecture, landscape architecture, interior design, sculpture crafts, industrial design, dress and costume design, theater design, etc… 2. Literature is the art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal. Drama - a story re-created by actors on stage in front of an audience. Prose Fiction – includes narratives created by an author as distinguished from true accounts. – the use of geometrical shapes and forms. Ex. Pablo Picasso: “The Three Musicians” “Nude in a Rocking Chair” George Brake: “Violet and Palette” Essay – a non-fiction expository writing ranging from informal, personal topics to closely critical treatments of important subjects. Poetry – highly expressive nature using special forms and choice of words and emotional images. Narratives includes epics, romance and ballads and lyric forms includes the sonnets, ode, elegy and song. Miscellaneous – are history, biography, letters, journals, diaries, and other works not formally classed as literature. 3. Music an art of arranging sounds in rhythmic succession generally in combination. Melody results in this sequence and harmony from the combinations. It is a creative and performing art. Groups Vocal Music – composed primarily to be sung. Instrumental Music – is written for instruments of four general types: Keyboard (piano, keyboard, and organ) Stringed (violin, cello, guitar, ukulele, banjo) Woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe, piccolo, English horn, bassoon) Brass winds (saxophone, trumpet, French horn, trombone) Music combined with other arts Opera - drama set to music. It is mostly or entirely sung with an orchestral accompaniment. Operetta and Musical Comedy – a drama set to music but is light popular romantic often humorous or comic. It uses spoken dialogues. Oratorio and Cantata – sacred musical drama in concert form based from biblical accounts and made of recited parts with orchestral accompaniment. 4. Drama and Theatre A drama or play is a story re-created by actors on a stage in front of an audience. Types of Drama Tragedy – serious in nature in which the central character comes to some sad and disastrous ending and also portray. Melodrama – the emphasis is on the action rather on the character. Action is a happy ending. Types of Melodrama Romantic Comedy – light amusing tales of lovers in some dilemma which is finally solved happily. Farce – light humorous play whose emphasis is on the jokes, humorous physical actions, ludicrous situations and impossible characters. Comedy of Manners – “drawing room comedy” is sophisticated and sometimes satirical. It uses witty dialogues and characters are usually high society types and situations are unreal. 5. Dance involves the movement of the body and the feet in rhythm. Types of Dances Ethnologic – include folk dancing associated with national and cultural groups. Social or Ballroom Dances – popular type of dancing generally performed by pairs. Ballet – a formalized type of dance which originated in the royal courts of the middle Ages. They may be either solo or concerted dances and generally built around a theme or story. Modern – are sometimes called contemporary interpretative dances and represents rebellion against the classical formalism of ballet. It is a personal communication of moods and themes. Musical dances – dances performed by soloists, groups, choruses in theatres, nightclubs, motion pictures, and television. It combines various forms of ballet, modern, tap, and acrobatics. ELEMENTS OF ART Form The form of a work is its shape, including its volume or perceived volume. A three-dimensional artwork has depth as well as width and height. Three-dimensional form is the basis of sculpture. However, two-dimensional artwork can achieve the illusion of form with the use of perspective and/or shading or modelling techniques. Formalism is the analysis of works by their form or shapes in art history or archeology. Line Lines and curves are marks that span a distance between two points (or the path of a moving point). As an element of art, line is the use of various marks, outlines and implied lines in artwork and design. A line has a width, direction, and length. A line's width is sometimes called its "thickness". Lines are sometimes called "strokes", especially when referring to lines in digital artwork. Color Color is the element of art that is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected back to the eye. There are three properties to color. The first is hue, which simply means the name we give to a color (red, yellow, blue, green, etc.). The second property is intensity, which refers to the vividness of the color. A color's intensity is sometimes referred to as its "colorfulness", its "saturation", its "purity" or its "strength". The third and final property of colour is its value, meaning how light or dark it is. The terms shade and tint refer to value changes in colors. In painting, shades are created by adding black to a color, while tints are created by adding white to a color. Space Space is an area that an artist provides for a particular purpose. Space includes the background, foreground and middle ground, and refers to the distances or area(s) around, between, and within things. There are two kinds of space: negative space and positive space. Negative space is the area in between, around, through or within an object. Positive spaces are the areas that are occupied by an object and/or form. Texture Texture, another element of art, is used to describe either the way a work actually feels when touched, or the depiction of textures in works, as for example in a painter's rendering of fur. THE PRINCIPLES OF DE SIGN AND ORGANIZATIO N: Balance The distribution of interest or visual weight in a work. If all the visually interesting elements of a work are centered in one spot, the work is off-balance and the viewer's gaze will be stuck in one place, ignoring the rest of the piece. A balanced piece of work will have art elements arranged such that different areas draw the viewer's eye around or through the whole piece. Some types of balance are symmetric, asymmetric, and radial. The concept of visual balance is often illustrated using a seesaw. Like a seesaw, when two elements of an artwork have the same visual weight and are on opposite sides of the center, equally distant from it, they balance. Likewise, a smaller element can balance out a larger one if the smaller one is farther from the center and the larger one nearer. In two-dimensional art, the center of the work serves as the fulcrum (the visual center). In three-dimensional art, visual balance and the physical balance of mass both come into play, and the balance of one does not assure the balance of the other. Contrast The difference in quality between two instances of an art element, or using opposing qualities next to each other. For example, black and white (contrasting values), organic/curvy and geometric/angular (contrasting lines/shapes/forms), and rough and smooth (contrasting textures). The greater the contrast, the more something will stand out and call attention to itself. This applies to whole works of art as well as areas within an artwork. Areas with greater contrast in value (stronger darks and lights) will tend to appear more forward in space, as over distance atmospheric haze lessens contrast (atmospheric perspective). Contrast can also be used to set the mood or tone of the work. High contrast makes a work more vibrant, vigorous, brash, lively - it "pops" more. Low-contrast work is more quiet, calm, subtle, reflective, soothing. Emphasis, Dominance and Focal Point Emphasis is created by visually reinforcing something we want the viewer to pay attention to. Focal points are areas of interest the viewer's eyes skip to. The strongest focal point with the greatest visual weight is the dominant element of the work. Elements of secondary importance could be termed sub-dominant, and elements with the least visual weight subordinate. Isolation, leading lines and convergence, contrast, anomaly, size, placement, framing, focus and depth of field, and absence of focal points are some of the strategies used to help create these degrees of importance. Harmony and Unity Harmonious elements have a logical relationship or progression - in some way they work together and complement each other. When a jarring element is added - something that goes against the whole - it is said to be dissonant, just like an off-note in a musical performance. Unity is created by using harmonious similarity and repetition, continuance, proximity and alignment, and closure of design elements in different parts of the work so that the parts RELATE to each other and create a unified whole, that can be greater than the sum of the parts, rather than an ill-fitting and meaningless assortment of elements. Movement Using art elements to direct a viewer's eye along a path through the artwork, and/or to show movement, action and direction. Also, giving some elements the ability to be moved or move on their own, via internal or external power. In a still picture such as a painting or photograph, where nothing is actually moving, various strategies can be used to give the viewer a sense of movement and speed, or to move the viewer's eye through the work. These include lines, diagonals and unbalanced elements; blurring; placement; direction; and motion lines and afterimages. Repetition, Rhythm and Pattern Repeating art elements in regular or cyclical fashion to create interest, movement, and/or harmony and unity. Rhythms can be random, regular, alternating, flowing, and progressive. Classes of pattern include mosaics, lattices, spirals, meanders, waves, symmetry and fractals, among others. Proportion and Scale Proportion is the relationship of sizes between different parts of a work. For example, how wide it is compared to how tall it is. Some proportions, such as the golden ratio and the rule of thirds, are thought to be more naturally pleasing. Scale is the size of something compared to the world in general - an artwork might be termed miniature, small scale, full scale or life-size, large scale or larger than life, or monumental. Variety and Variation Using a range of different qualities or instances of an art element to create a desired visual effect - e.g., a variety of shapes, colors, etc. Variety can add interest and break the monotony of simple repetitions. Art criticism Art criticism is the discussion or evaluation of visual art. Art critics usually criticise art in the context of aesthetics or the theory of beauty. A goal of art criticism is the pursuit of a rational basis for art appreciation but it is questionable whether such criticism can transcend prevailing socio- political circumstances. The variety of artistic movements has resulted in a division of art criticism into different disciplines which may each use different criteria for their judgements. The most common division in the field of criticism is between historical criticism and evaluation, a form of art history, and contemporary criticism of work by living artists. Despite perceptions that art criticism is a much lower risk activity than making art, opinions of current art are always liable to drastic corrections with the passage of time. Critics of the past are often ridiculed for either favouring artists now derided (like the academic painters of the late 19th century)[citation needed] or dismissing artists now venerated (like the early work of the Impressionists). Some art movements themselves were named disparagingly by critics, with the name later adopted as a sort of badge of honour by the artists of the style (e.g., Impressionism, Cubism), with the original negative meaning forgotten. Painting Painting is a mode of creative expression, and the forms are numerous. Drawing, gesture (as in gestural painting), composition, narration (as in narrative art), or abstraction (as in abstract art), among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in Expressionism), or political in nature (as in Artivism). A portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by spiritual motifs and ideas. Examples of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery, to Biblical scenes rendered on the interior walls and ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to scenes from the life of Buddha or other images of Eastern religious origin. PAINTING MEDIA Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil—especially in early modern Europe, linseed oil. Often an oil such as linseed was boiled with a resin such as pine resin or even frankincense; these were called 'varnishes' and were prized for their body and gloss. Honoré Daumier (1808–79), Pastel is a painting medium in the form of a stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and a binder. Maurice Quentin de La Tour,Portrait of Louis XV of France. (1748) Pastel. Acrylic paint is fast drying paint containing pigment suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic paints can be diluted with water, but become water-resistant when dry. Jungle Arc by Ray Burggraf. Acrylic paint on wood. (1998) Watercolor is a painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water- soluble vehicle. The traditional and most common support for watercolor paintings is paper; other supports include papyrus, bark papers, plastics, vellum or leather, fabric, wood and canvas. Manfred on the Jungfrau (1837), John Martin. Watercolor painting Ink paintings are done with a liquid that contains pigments and/or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing with a pen, brush, or quill. Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescers, and other materials. Landscapes of the Four Seasons (1486), Sesshū Tōyō. Ink and light color on paper. Fresco is any of several related mural painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word affresco [afˈfresːko], which derives from the Latin word for fresh. Frescoes were often made during the Renaissance and other early time periods. Buon fresco technique consists of painting in pigment mixed with water on a thin layer of wet, fresh lime mortar or plaster, for which the Italian word for plaster, intonaco, is used. Filipino Painters Fernando Amorsolo Juan Luna Guillermo Tolentino Ramon Orlina Sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since modernism, shifts in sculptural process led to an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast. Pieta This sculpture rendered the Virgin Mary hold her son, Jesus Christs in her arm was sculpted at 1498 by Michelangelo. At his early age of twenties, he was articulated to do a life size sculpture from a single slab of marble and extraneous effort exhibited one of the most stunning sculptures ever. The Great Sphinx: This mythical sculpture as beast of ancient time demonstrated the God, Ra with having a boy of lion with the head of a man. This sculpture of Giza was carved directly from natural rock of plateau and act as sentinel of the Egyptian pyramids more 4500 years ago. This is not a traditional sculpture but heading a technical prodigy of the rudimentary tackle of Artisan works. The thinker This famous sculpture was presumed by Auguste Robin based on the theme on the divine comedy of Dante. This sculpture appeared as nude with heroic figure in the tradition of Michelangelo and percept the wisdom of poetry. The thinker was literally destined to render Dante’s epic in front of the Gate of Hell. The final sculpture was a miniscule of the statue sits atop of gates with meditative of hellish fate. Venus de Milo: This is one of the famous sculptures in the world. In Roman mythology, Venus is renowned as the God of love and this legendary sculpture was figured at the marble date back to the first or second century BC. It was revealed at Greek island of Melos in the Aegean Sea but the creator remains anonymous till today. Ancient scholar has believed that this sculpture had her arm with having mirror in one hand and shield in other. As the daughter of Zeus and dione, Venus is the incarnation of beauty and a great sculpture that is still a paraphernalia of hilarity at Louvre in Paris. DIGITAL ART Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process. Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process including computer art and multimedia art, and digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art. After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices. More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art. In an expanded sense, "digital art" is a term applied to contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media. Maurizio Bolognini Programmed Machines, Nice, France, 1992-97 In 1992 he began to "seal" his machines (Sealed series) by closing up the monitor buses, in such a way that they continued to produce images that no one would ever see. Most of these are still working now. "The 'instructed' machines [...] continue on their own, involving the temporal and spatial dimensions, tending towards a geographical vastness in which the image, the sign, become a process of measurement [...] between the real and the illusory dimensions......." Pascal Dombis Pascal Dombis (born 1965) is a digital artist who uses computers and algorithms to produce excessive repetition of simple processes. Irrational Geometrics digital art installation 2008 by Pascal Dombis Lillian Schwartz Lillian F. Schwartz (born 1927) is a 20th-century American artist considered a pioneer of computer-mediated art and one of the first women artists notable for basing almost her entire oeuvre on computational media. Many of her ground-breaking projects were done in the 1960s and 1970s, well before the desktop computer revolution made computer hardware and software widely available to artists. Architecture Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. Philippine Architecture San Sebastian Church Manila Cathedral Manila Post Office Coconut Palace Literature Literature consists of written productions, often restricting to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultivation. Literature often uses language differently than ordinary language (see literariness). Poetry Poetry is a form of literary art which uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, prosaic ostensible meaning.[ Poetry has traditionally been distinguished from prose by its being set in verse; prose is cast in sentences, poetry in lines; the syntax of prose is dictated by meaning, whereas that of poetry is held across metre or the visual aspects of the poem Prose Prose is a form of language that possesses ordinary syntax and natural speech rather than rhythmic structure; in which regard, along with its measurement in sentences rather than lines, it differs from poetry. Drama Drama is literature intended for performance. The form is often combined with music and dance, as in opera and musical theatre. A play is a subset of this form, referring to the written dramatic work of a playwright that is intended for performance in a theatre; it comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usually aims at dramatic or theatrical performance rather than at reading. A closet drama, by contrast, refers to a play written to be read rather than to be performed; hence, it is intended that the meaning of such a work can be realized fully on the page. Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (born April 28, 1926) is an American novelist widely known for her novel To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960. Jane Austen was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary as well as her acclaimed plots have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics. From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it. J. R. R. Tolkien was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor who is best known as the author of the classic high-fantasy works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion. Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe 28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German writer and statesman. His body of work includes epic and lyric poetry written in a variety of metres and styles; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour; and four novels. In addition, numerous literary and scientific fragments, more than 10,000 letters, and nearly 3,000 drawings by him are extant ASSUMPTIONS AND NATURE OF ARTS, CREATIVITY, AND IMAGINATION I learned more from my mother than from all the art historians and curators who have informed me about the technical aspects of art history and art appreciation over the years. – David Rockefeller Learning Outcomes (LO) At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 1. Differentiate the history of arts from art appreciation; 2. Discuss the nature of art’s preliminary expression; 3. Clarify the misconceptions about arts; and 4. Characterize the assumptions, imagination, and creativity of arts. Overview of the Lesson This lesson presents the assumptions and nature of arts, creativity, and imagination. This also includes the differentiation of the history of arts from art appreciation, discussion of the nature of art’s preliminary expression, and clarification of the misconceptions of arts. This chapter talks about the yearning for the beautiful, the appreciation of the all-consuming beauty around us, and some preliminary assumptions that people normally hold about art. History of Art History of art is a discipline in the social sciences that looks at the evolution of art and the analysis of the artistic declaration of humans, particularly through different methods of artistic shreds of evidence. It studies different cultures, classifies, and establishes the comprehensible knowledge about the expressive principles of arts. Some art historians claim that decorative arts, styles, and pictorial materials are a product of social or religious groups (Filio, A. G. et al., 2010). An understanding of the origins, meaning, and purposes of artifacts from the wide perspective of cultures, through critical reception of the past, helps educate students about the historical interpretation of art in its cultural contexts, through artistic analyses. Assumptions of Art Art is necessary to assume its meaning. It is the expression of the feeling of the artist that directs his/her experiences to the beholder, who, in turn, perceives a certain meaning. Art is a subjective understanding based on the viewer’s perception. Art could provide inspiration that may depend on the meaning that it evokes. The assumption then about humanities is that the human person, regardless of origin, time, or place, has designed art and that it stayed through time because the human person continues on in which great works will never be obsolete. Humanities through arts deal with the person’s internal world, personality, and experiences— matters that cannot directly be measured, classified, or controlled. When the person receives enjoyment from the arts, he/she belongs to a higher good, one that lies at the opposite end of base pleasures. Art will always be present because human beings will always express themselves and delight in these expressions (Caslib, Jr. B. N. et al., 2017). The human person will continue to use art while art persists and is never depleted. Nature of Art Art is the primary bond of mediation between the external world of the senses and the medium of pure thought of understanding. It is objective that art is an unworthy being of world appearances and deceptions. In the world of nature, it is essential to reality. It is only beyond the appearance of everyday life that one can discover reality through sense. Art is subjective, and employing the use of percepticipation insights, feelings, and intuition, shows the human person’s expression of himself as an individual view of his existence. Art does not pretend to be the reality, whereas nature, pretending to be the only reality, is more deceptive. Music, theatre, film, dance, and performing arts, as well as literature and other media such as interactive ones, are included in a broader definition of art. The nature of art is a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics, the baseline for truth and experience through the senses, an interpretation of an addictive substance. Like science, mathematics, and religion, art is a modeling tool for diving deeper into patterns, rhythms, and meanings tossed up by nature. Interpreting, reframing, and understanding is easily done conceptually (Ariola, M.M., 2014). Ariola, M.M. (2014) said that art provides enjoyment and stimulation, particularly when people try to understand its meaning. It provides the person an image of himself to enable for further understanding of nature. It provides a way to highlight the person’s passion and desire, his potentials, and his relationship with another person. Art Is Universal Art being universal could bring challenges to people since they have different ideas from their art, culture, politics, etc. This, in turn, creates differences in respect, appreciation, and acceptance of an art (Caslib, Jr. B. N. et al., 2017). Creating art is attempting to communicate a powerful emotion. Within a culture, the best work can transcend from its cultural matrix to other groups of people, making art universal. For instance, the novels written by the great Filipino national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal, became popular all over the world. His “Noli Me Tangere,” the first novel, is also a biblical line from the gospel of St. John (20:17). In English, it translates to “Touch me not.” This was what the risen Jesus told the startled Mary Magdalene when she tried to approach him after he called her name. The meaning of this utterance has been the subject of debates because of Rizal’s goal in writing it. “El Filibusterismo,” which discusses dark themes, departs dramatically from the previous novel’s hopeful and romantic atmosphere, signifying the character Ibarra’s resort to solving his country’s issues through violent means, but his previous attempt at reforming the country’s system have made no effect and seemed impossible with the attitudes of the Spaniards towards the Filipinos. These two novels written by a Filipino are widely read in the world. These works of art written by the national hero, believed to be an attempt of a human person to create a work of art from one small context, can be passed on, known, and read throughout the world and throughout time. Art has always been timeless and universal, spanning from generation to generation. Art Is Cultural Caslib, Jr. B. N. et al., (2017) presented that cultural art is made when creative people decide to artistically enhance what is around them, like when weaving a basket design, or when a dancer modifies the ritual of dance. Culture grows around us; it includes the nature and elements of cultural civilization. To illustrate, the culture of poor neighborhoods, for example, which would include graffiti, derelicts, and tenement buildings, are far different from what wealthy people have, like manicured lawns, mansions, and smoothly paved streets. In a broad sense, it can speak as an example of cultures with their wonderful mix of different backgrounds. Like a salad, many different flavors are combined to make a rich and enjoyable dish. Culture is focused within a certain community, in the most inclusive sense, and can refer to the mix of everything around in civilization and nature. Art involves experiences Experience is the continuous interaction of a person, that is involved in the very process of life. Different conditions in a person’s life are implicated in this interaction and mixed with the experiences together with various emotions and ideas. These emotions and ideas can inspire a person to work on a certain piece of art. It is a mutual relationship between experiences and the inspiration of the person to make art; the art then inspires other persons in many different ways. Art is always a product of experience. If one is to know art, he must know it not as fact or information but as an experience. Such an experience carries with an individualizing quality of self-sufficiency. A colorful experience is involved in art. Art as Expression Expression comes in different forms, e.g., a writer concentrating on the creative process of evoking emotion, made visible by a form, as an attempt to translate the unnamed and the unknown. Intrinsically, the existence of humanity as a quest to create the meaning of art allows the process to take place. Art is an expression and the artist is the interpreter of the expression, who creates meaning through revealing the art. Those expressions involve emotions and the act of power. Art is an expression, contained within a form. The form is what holds the expression, which is not necessarily permanent or dynamic. Regardless whether it is static or dynamic, it captures the expression of the artist’s inner truths. For the art to communicate the expression authentically, it must connect with the artist’s experiences or observed experiences. The reactions to art depend on two assumptions: first, the artists expressing their emotions, and second, the expression as one of the sources of aesthetic value. However, art expression is concerned not only with the relationship between the artist and work of art but the work of art and its audience or clientele. Through art, we come to know the changing image of the human person as he journeys across time, searching for reality and striving to achieve ideas to appreciate the meaning of life through art. Art appreciation is the ability to interpret and understand the human person through the enjoyment of the actual work of art. Humanities is the study of the culture of humans, as presented in the dictum of the Greek philosopher Pythagoras, “Man is the measure of all things,” meaning humanities uplifts the dignity, values, and culture of the human person, thus to be cultured possesses the refinement in taste and manner, including the speech, knowledge, beliefs, and appreciation of art. Filio, A. G. et al. (2010) defined humanities as an affair rather than a prescribed unchangeable body of acceptable fact, theories, and the appreciation of beauty, which makes aesthetics a branch of philosophy. Art as a Form of Creation The creation of a work of art is the combination of elements in the medium of tones in music, words in literature, or paints on canvas. Artistic creation does not need to be innovative or to be good. Creation is the activity of the person; the oldest forms of art are the visual arts, which include the creation of images or objects by painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media. Art appreciation regulates the type of behavior considered to an individual, it is essential for one to gain the knowledge in achieving the status of a cultured person, who is well versed in art, philosophy, and the languages (Ariola, M. M., 2014). Art appreciation is the humanities education of the “generation z” learners that interfaces between society and politics. Imagination The artist with a deep imagination creates an expression of creativity, and though the portal, an open space, he allows a conversation between the art and the viewer. Furthermore, to create or offer art to the world with one’s imagination is something different from reality. Imagination is not bad; it consciously gives birth to the reality of the inner life. There is divine and undivine imagination that human beings use in different ways for a certain purpose, such as building the palace of love and light and truth. When the divine imagination offers its reality, it becomes, then, an inspiration that is becoming a divine art. The dramatic imagination in the person’s position should not be thought of as a fundamentally distinct imagination; it is a structure combined with the others previously mentioned. The task is often complex, requiring considerable skills to be carried out, perhaps even the skills of a great novelist. It is a complex that is irreducibly different from the imagination. Creativity Creativity is a wider application than even destruction can be creative. It takes a particular kind of creativity for something to be fully developed. It requires the production of things, saliently new, to achieve a certain kind of excellence (Caslib, Jr. B. N. et al., 2017). Creativity is the virtue exhibited most fully by geniuses. The mere possession of originality is sufficient to make an object valuable and creative. Then someone can add flair for the object to become better and enhanced for more appreciation. The role of creativity in art making is that it requires the human person to think outside the box. It is of use to solve problems that have never occurred before, to conflate function and style, or to simply make life a more unique and enjoyable experience. In art, creativity is what sets apart one artwork from another. We say something is done creatively when we have not yet seen anything like it or when it is out of the ordinary (Caslib, Jr. B. M. et al., 2017). A creative artist does not simply copy or imitate other artists’ work. The artist does not imitate the lines, flaws, colors, and patterns in creating the nature of art that embraces the originality. He/She puts the flavor in the work and calls it a masterpiece of ar Generalization of the Lesson This chapter discusses that humanities and the appreciation of art have been part of humans’ growth and civilization. The assumptions of art is that there is a universal connection to nature and experiences. Art is the product of humans’ creativity, imagination, and expression that gives us all a role in the field of art appreciation. Refining one’s ability to appreciate art allows a deep understanding of the purpose of artwork and recognizes the beauty it possesses. Activity 1Quiz Direction: Answer the following questions as precisely yet as thoroughly as possible. 1. If you were an artist, what kind of artist would you want to be? Why? 2. Why does art involve experience? Explain. 3. What art field do you want to explore? Why? 4. How can you utilize arts to express yourself, your community, and your relation to others? Activity 2Quiz Instruction: Draw a figure or look from the internet that will express yourself. As a form of art, explain the drawing as to how it connects to art and yourself. Lesson 2 APPLIED VISUAL ART Lesson 2 APPLIED VISUAL ART Architecture is an applied visual art, and the buildings speak for themselves. – Julie Morgan 1. Overview of the Lesson: This lesson presents the different types of applied visual art and the recognition of these different types; the categorization of the works by citing personal experiences; and the characterization of the assumptions of applied visual art. 2. Learning Outcomes (LO) At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Recognize the different types of applied visual art; 2. Categorize the works of applied visual art by citing personal experiences; and 3. Characterize the assumptions of applied visual art. 3. Presentation of the Lesson: Defining Visual Art Applied art is designed to give an aesthetic look. It is used with fine arts which produces objects solely to be beautiful or stimulate the intellect. Visual art is a term used to define fine art including drawings, paintings, sculptures, and printing techniques such as woodcut, intaglio, lithograph, linocut, etc. Appli visual art is a term used for a field of study in Art Appreciation in college where students study advertising, poster, media, illustration, photo-manipulation, and graphic design. Visual art is a medium that occupies and the space as an art form. Types of Visual Arts The following are the different types of visual arts. These include fashion, furniture design, architecture, dance, and poetry-performance, and the audio-visual arts such as film, performance art, dance, music, and theatre. Fashion Fashion is significant in business operations both domestic and international. It showcases new creations of different designers. Models are hired by companies to advertise their products through magazines, television, newspapers, catalogs, billboards, and online. The print model participates in photo shoots, poses for photographs, and changes his/her posture and facial expressions to capture the look as demanded by the client and the specifications of the company. In fashion shows, the model stands, turns, and walks to show off the product to the audience including photographers, journalists, and designers. They display the product directly for shoppers, in which the features and prices are described. Other models pose for a sketch artist, a painter, or a sculptor. Furniture design Designers consider furniture design as the most important aspect of interior space. Pieces of furniture do not only add function and practicality to space, but they add style and expression of personality. It takes the majority of space and helps make the home feel alive and welcoming. Choosing furniture for different rooms refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as sitting (chairs, stools, and sofas), eating (tables), and sleeping (beds). Furniture is a product of design and considered a form of decorative art. The traditional style offers a combination of comfortable furniture, classic design, and casual decor. It incorporates design elements from a variety of centuries, so owners would feel comfortable with the style and features such as warm and rich colors Architecture Art is the pursuit of beautiful things while architecture is the making of beautiful buildings. However, not all buildings are beautiful. Some buildings only embody the functionality they need, but the structure, line, form, and colors are not beautifully expressed. However, architecture encompasses many different elements, including functionality and aesthetics. Studying development grasps architecture throughout history. The development of building techniques forms a culture and evolves to the successive architectural style of the modern design (Filio, A. G. et al., 2010). Architecture is an art of designing a building; the conception of idea and its realization in terms of materials assist the whole procedure. The primary purpose is to fulfill the human person’s needs for shelter conveniences. The style of architecture is a complex undertaking that accommodates and expresses the function of the structure, providing the adaptability and capacity to survive the loss of its original function provided in the moment of construction (Ariola, M. M., 2014).  There are some famous architectural designs in the Philippines. They include the main building of the University of Santo Tomas at Espana Avenue, Manila; Quezon Hall at the University of the Philippines-Diliman at Quezon City; and Nicanor Reyes Hall at the Far Eastern University Complex at N. Reyes Street, Manila. Famous also are the Philippine International Convention Center at Roxas Blvd., Pasay City; National Theatre of the Cultural Center of the Philippines at Roxas Blvd.; San Miguel Corporation Center at Ortigas Center, Pasig City; and The Mind Museum Building at Global City, Taguig. The classic architectural design in UST survived for more than 500 years. Late Spanish priest-civil engineer Rev. Fr. Roque Ruaño, a member of the order of the preacher (OP), designed the main building of the University of Santo Tomas. It is the first earthquake-resistant building in the Philippines. Film 3D movies and 3D television were pioneered by Sir Charles Wheatstone who invented the stereoscope in 1838, while Jules Duboscq used this technology to show the famous pictures of Queen Victoria at “The Great Exhibition” in 1851. The former Edison Studios chief director Edwin S. Porter showed the dry run tests in red-green glyptography at the Astor Theater, New York City in 1992. The first public 3D movie entitled “The Power of Love” was shown. The first stereoscopic 3D TV was demonstrated by John Logie Baird at the 133 Long Acre, London in August 10, 1928. He gained the pioneering recognition in the 3D TV systems using a cathode ray tube and the electromechanical techniques. The first 3D TV produced in 1935 and stereoscopic 3D had still cameras for personal use during the second world war. The first movie, Bwana Devil, from United Artists was seen across the US in 1952. In 1953, the 3D movie using stereophonic sound was entitled the “House of Wax.” 3D TV did not gain popularity until after the success of “Avatar” in 2010. It was not for long, because of the poor quality of 3D displays where the anaglyph process distorted the colors on the screen that the 2D color movies received more popularity due to superior quality and cheap price. The next booming of the 3D was in the 1980s when the invention of polarized 3D process overcame the limitations of the anaglyph process. Some 3D movies were released during this decade. IMAX became very popular during this decade and several movies were released in IMAX 3D. The first IMAX 3D theatre was built in 1988 in Vancouver, British Columbia. There were 3D films produced since the start of the 21st century and received an exceptionally good response. According to Lang, B. (2010) the movie Avatar in 2009 broke all the box office records. The Avatar movie was written-produced by James Cameron with the production company of Lightstorm Entertainment and was distributed by the 20th Century Fox in December 10, 2009, in London, England. Performance Art Performance art is a form of practice that involves the undertaking of action within the space or location for an audience. It is a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the human body, which performs and employs another kind of art such as visual arts, props, and the sound. There are four elements of performance art: 1) time, where the performance took place, 2) the performer’s body, 3) the relationship between the audience, and 4) the performers (Lois-Fiehner-Rathus, 2013). The process involves the live presence of the artist and the real actions of the body, to create the ephemeral art experience. Defining the character of performance art is the body, considering the primary medium of the conceptual materials. Other key components are time, space, and the relationship between the performer and the audience. Dance Dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually accompanied by music. Within a given space, it is an expression of ideas and emotion through the movement of the whole body. Dance is the motivated move of skillful performers’ intense expressions that delight the audience. It is a concept of art as a powerful stimulation and skillful choreography done by professionals (Ariola, M. M., 2016). Dance is described as a form of expression while dancing is the creative form that allows people to themselves, in which dancers are not confined to follow the rules or steps but they are free to create and invent their movements as long as they deem them graceful and beautiful. It is an expression of the artists. In the Philippines, one of the world-famous dancers are the members of the Ballet Manila, where Liza Macuja-Elizalde, an international prima ballerina, is also a member and the artistic director. Music Etymologically speaking, the word “music” came from the Old French musique, from Latin mūsica, which is from Greek mousikē (tekhnē), meaning (art) of the Muses. The art and science of music is the pattern of sounds produced by a person in singing or playing instruments. It consists of sequences, especially the definite pitch organized melodically, harmonically, rhythmically, and to tone color. It is the combination of vocal and instrumental sounds with tones varying in melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre, that specially form structurally complete and emotionallexpressive compositions of sounds. Rhythmic sequence sounds such as birds and water, particular form, and style of musical composition could work in particular in styles, places, and periods based on the interest of the composer (Kamien, R. 2008). The Philippine Madrigal Singers is a choir group famous not only in the Philippines but also in the international setting. They are composed of students, alumni, and professionals from the University of the Philippines-Diliman, College of Conservatory of Music. Theater The theater is a building with a stage in which plays and other performances take place, usually with a raised platform and tiered seats for an audience, used for lectures, film shows, dramatic performances, or an outdoor structure for similar events. The theatre uses live performers to present accounts of imaginary events before a live audience in which the performer follows and reads the script. There are elements of theatre such as acting, gesture, lighting, sound effects, musical score, scenery, and props. The combination of these elements is what gives the strongest impression on the audience and the script thus becomes a minor element. Similar to performance art, since the theatre is also a live performance, the participation of the viewer is important. Elements of the theatre genres include drama, musical, tragedy, comedy, and improvisation (Kissick, J. 1996). The Philippine Education Theater Association (PETA) is a theatrical association of artists and educators. Cecile Guidote-Alvarez founded it in 1967. It is located at New Manila, Quezon City. In 2017, it received the Ramon Magsaysay Award, which is considered the Nobel Prize equivalent in Asia. Poetry-Performance Poetry is a literary work in a special intensity of feelings and ideas with different style and rhythm. Poetry collectively is a genre of literature or quality of beauty of emotion and characteristics of power. Poetry uses a word’s emotional, musical, or spatial values for the poet to achieve his/her proposals. Words integrate with movement, tone, volume, and intensity, and they artistically deliver the value of a poem. A poem needs to strike the ear for full effect, and readers can best experience its music by reading. Poets speak in a language charged with rhythm and rhyme (Grieder, T. 1996). Poetry-performance is done before an audience to describe poetry rather than print distribution. The performance of poetry has become one of the most widespread forms of popular literature. Spoken word poems are the result of the specific nature of this kind of poetry. A spoken word poem form must fit into a certain unit of time, a unit bearable for the audience. 4. Generalization of the Lesson  This lesson discusses that art has a variety of meanings. It is the expression or application of creative skill and imagination, often through a visual medium like painting, 3D media like sculpture, or types of creative activity like drawing music, literature, and dance. It is the subject of study mainly concerned with human culture rather than with scientific or technical subjects. It is all activities involving the application of aesthetic designs to everyday functional objects. While fine arts provide intellectual stimulation to the viewer, applied art creates utilitarian items using aesthetic principles in their design. Folk art is predominantly involved in this type of creative activity. Activity 3 Write your reflection on the following questions: 1. Is there such a thing as the “best type” of visual art? Explain. 2. If you are going to make your own visual art, what type are you going to make? Why? 3. What is your own definition of visual art? 4. Name one type of visual art that you can find at your home. How do you find beauty in it? Due tonight September 19, 2020 @ 11:59 Minnight. Lesson 3 FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ART 1. art that depicts natural objects in a simplified, distorted, or exaggerated way is known as abstract art 2. art without a reference to anything outside itself is known as: nonrepresentational art 3. Trompe l'oiel is French for: fool the eye 1. Idealism - the representation of subjects in an ideal or perfect state of form: 2. Content - the meaning or message communicated by a work of art, including its emotional, intellectual, symbolic, thematic and narrative connotations 3. Medium - the particular material that is used to create a work of art 1. the total effect of the combined visual qualities within a work, including such components as materials, color, shape, line, and design: form 2. art that recognizably represents or depicts a particular subject representational art 1. the symbolic meanings of subjects and signs used to convey ideas important to particular cultures and religions: → iconography 2. in the art context, the philosophy of art focusing on questions regarding what art is and how it is evaluated, the concept of beauty, and the relationship between the idea of beauty and the concept of art: → aesthetics 1. How do we define art? Art is many things, as it is everywhere and in everything, not just in paintings and sculptures, but graffiti, and music itself. Ability, process, and product are but a few of the definitions of art. Ability - art is ability in that we are able to create beautiful things, which can "speak" to us; being creativity. Process - using drawings, paintings, sculptures, architecture, and taking photos, defines art as a process (being the actual creating of the "piece"), which is ever-changing as artists are using and experimenting with different materials. Product - the completed work, whatever that may be. Art is as unique as the artist creating the work, each artist is inspired by different circumstances and upbringing, which are: the personality of the individual, the time period, the place, and the culture. When viewing a piece of art, we need to think about certain things: Why was it created? and What is it's purpose?  2. What does it mean to be creative? Creativity is the ability to take an idea and manifest it into reality, which is how art is formed. 3. Why do we create art? We create art for many reasons: 1 - Art and Beauty 2 - Art and our Environment 3 - Art and Truth 4 - Art and Immortality 5 - Art and Glory 6 - Art and Religion 7 - Art and Ideology 8 - Art and Fantasy 9 - Art, Intellect, and Emotion 10 - Art, Order, and Harmony 11 - Art and Chaos 12 - Art, Experience, and Memory 13 - Art in the Social and Cultural Context 14 - Art and Social Consciousness 15 - Art and Popular Culture 16 - Art and the needs of the Artist 4. What is the nature of art? 5. What is the “function” of art? 6. How can we appreciate art? Acknowledge that art is all around us, learn and understand the terminology that is used to describe art. 7. What is art? Asking the question “What is art?” helps us realize how important art is. It isn't necessarily about what art is, but what art does. By asking and trying to answer the questions, “Why was this created?”  and “What was its purpose?” will help us to understand and appreciate art more. 8. Define and list art processes? Ability, process, and product are but a few of the definitions of art. Ability - art is ability in that we are able to create beautiful things, which can "speak" to us; being creativity. Process - using drawings, paintings, sculptures, architecture, and taking photos, defines art as a process (being the actual creating of the "piece"), which is ever-changing as artists are using and experimenting with different materials. Product - the completed work, whatever that may be. Files of ronylim