Anaerobic Respiration Lecture Notes PDF

Anaerobic Respiration How do breads become fluffy and soft when they were made of a mixture of flour and water that results in thick, sticky, and compact consistency? 2 https://pixabay.com/photos/wine-barrel- wine-barrel-barrels-1237340/...

Anaerobic Respiration How do breads become fluffy and soft when they were made of a mixture of flour and water that results in thick, sticky, and compact consistency? 2 https://pixabay.com/photos/wine-barrel- wine-barrel-barrels-1237340/ Have you heard that wine and beer stored for a longer time taste better than those which were stored for a short period of time? 3  Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Fermentation Glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation Krebs cycle Alcoholic Fermentation Electron transport chain Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Chemiosmosis Applications of Fermentation 4  Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Overall equation of the aerobic respiration Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation 5 How will the organisms deprived of oxygen produce energy? 6  Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Clostridium tetani is an obligate anaerobe that uses other molecules rather than Applications of Fermentation oxygen as its final electron acceptor. 7  Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration It involves the use of other Fermentation molecules as the final electron Lactic Acid Fermentation acceptor except for oxygen. Alcoholic Fermentation Fermentation is another pathway Products of Anaerobic of anaerobic respiration. There Fermentation are two kinds of fermentation: Applications of Fermentation lactic acid and alcoholic. 8  Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Fermentation Fermentation also starts with Lactic Acid Fermentation glycolysis which results in the formation of ATP, NADH, and Alcoholic Fermentation pyruvate. Products of Anaerobic ○ However, pyruvate molecules Fermentation do not go through oxidation, Applications of Fermentation Krebs cycle, and ETC. 9 How does NADH convert to NAD+ through fermentation? 10  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Fermentation Converts the pyruvate molecules Lactic Acid Fermentation to lactate. This anaerobic pathway is Alcoholic Fermentation common to obligate anaerobes. Products of Anaerobic It also happens in our muscle Fermentation cells during extraneous physical Applications of Fermentation activities. 11  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation The equation showing the reaction in Products of Anaerobic lactic acid fermentation Fermentation Applications of Fermentation 12  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation The hydride group from NADH attaches Products of Anaerobic to one of the carbon molecules of Fermentation pyruvate. Applications of Fermentation 13  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Another hydrogen molecule is also Products of Anaerobic used in the process which attaches to Fermentation the oxygen in the pyruvate molecule. Applications of Fermentation 14  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation produces Products of Anaerobic lactate and oxidizes NADH to NAD+ Fermentation which will be reused. Applications of Fermentation 15  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Fermentation Groups of bacteria that undergo Lactic Acid Fermentation lactic acid fermentation: ○ Homofermentative LAB Alcoholic Fermentation ○ Heterofermentative LAB Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation 16  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Fermentation Homofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation an organism that used as starters Products of Anaerobic utilizes glucose of dairy products Fermentation molecules to that help improve produce lactic the products’ Applications of Fermentation acid alone flavor 17  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Lactobacillus acidophilus is a homofermentative bacteria used in Applications of Fermentation yogurt production. 18  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Fermentation Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation organisms that produce ethanol Products of Anaerobic rarely used as and carbon dioxide Fermentation starters of dairy along with lactic products acid as their by- Applications of Fermentation products 19  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Alcoholic Fermentation Fermentation converts pyruvate molecules to Lactic Acid Fermentation ethanol Alcoholic Fermentation used in bread and winemaking Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation 20  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Alcoholic Fermentation Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Pyruvate molecules undergo Fermentation decarboxylation which results in the formation of acetaldehyde. Applications of Fermentation 21  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Alcoholic Fermentation Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Acetaldehyde is added with a hydride group Products of Anaerobic Fermentation from NADH and one hydrogen molecule which results in the formation of ethanol and Applications of Fermentation oxidation of NADH to NAD+. 22 How much energy is produced in anaerobic respiration? 23  Products of Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Summary of the products of anaerobic Fermentation respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Process Products Amount Alcoholic Fermentation ATP 2 Glycolysis NADH 2 Products of Anaerobic Fermentation pyruvate 2 Applications of Fermentation 24  Products of Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Summary of the products of anaerobic Respiration respiration Fermentation Process Products Amount Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic acid lactate 2 fermentation NAD+ 2 Alcoholic Fermentation ethanol 2 Products of Anaerobic Alcoholic NAD+ 2 Fermentation fermentation CO2 2 Applications of Fermentation 25 How does fermentation help in food processing? 26  Applications of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation Baking bread 27  Applications of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation Cheese production 28  Applications of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation Winemaking 29  Applications of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation Yogurt production 30 Identify the terms described in each of the following items. 1. It is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy in the absence of oxygen. 2. It is the type of bacteria that produces lactic acid as its only by-product. 3. It is the product of decarboxylation of pyruvate. 31 Arrange the following events in alcoholic fermentation using letters A-E, with A being the first step and E being the last. 1. Alcohol dehydrogenase adds the hydride group from NADH to acetaldehyde. 2. The carboxyl group is removed from the pyruvate molecule. 3. A hydrogen ion is added to acetaldehyde. 4. Acetaldehyde is converted to ethanol 5. Pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde. 32  Anaerobic fermentation is the process by which a glucose molecule is broken down to produce energy in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation is the process by which pyruvate is converted to either ethanol or lactate that enables the oxidation of NADH to NAD+. 33  The two fermentation processes are: ○ Lactic acid fermentation is the process involving the conversion of pyruvate molecules to lactate through an enzyme called lactate dehydrogenase. 34  The two fermentation processes are: ○ Alcoholic fermentation involves the conversion of pyruvate molecules into ethanol through the help of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. 35  The products of anaerobic respiration are 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules. When pyruvate molecules undergo fermentation the products are either ethanol or lactate. Fermentation is widely used in the processing of dairy products and alcoholic beverages. 36 The two main types of anaerobic respiration 37