Lec 3 Blood Component PDF

Dr.Ali Alkhafajy Blood transfusion Lec 3 Blood Components 1 Dr.Ali Alkhafajy Blood transfusion Lec 3 Blood is a specialized body fluid. It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells...

Dr.Ali Alkhafajy Blood transfusion Lec 3 Blood Components 1 Dr.Ali Alkhafajy Blood transfusion Lec 3 Blood is a specialized body fluid. It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood has many different functions, including:  transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues  forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss  carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection  bringing waste products to the kidneys and liver, which filter and clean the blood  regulating body temperature The blood that runs through the veins, arteries, and capillaries is known as whole blood, a mixture of about 55 percent plasma and 45 percent blood cells. About 7 to 8 percent of your total body weight is blood. An adult human has approximately 65-70 ml of blood per kg of body weight. Therefore, humans have around 5 liters of blood in their bodies. The volume of blood is approximately 5.5 liters in each adult male and 4.5 liters in female Blood Components  Whole blood  RBC concentrate (called plasma reduce RBC)  Platelets concentrate  Granulocyte concentrate  Plasma components:  FFP (fresh frozen plasma)  Cryoprecipitate  plasma derive components     Whole Blood - Whole blood unit (450 ml ± 45 ml) contains: (250-300 ml RBC + 180 ml plasma) - Most available components but now restricted to use occasionally in acute blood loss, acute anemia, cardiac surgery or for exchange transfusion. - Store at 2-6 °C  2 Dr.Ali Alkhafajy Blood transfusion Lec 3  RBC Concentrate - Red cell concentrate (packed red cells) volume is 250-300 ml, consist of 220 ml of packed RBC and 80 ml of plasma. - In which 70–90% of platelets and 99% of white blood cells are removed in the preparation of red cell concentrates. - One unit increase Hb 1gm/dl, PCV 3 L/L. - Store at 1-6 °C - Use mainly to increase RBC mass without risk of volume overload of plasma as in chronic anemia, especially in patient with heart failure. - Classically unit transfuse over 2 hrs  Platelets Concentrate - Collection: from individual units of blood cell apheresis (unit containing at least 5.5 × 1010 platelets) - Dose: each unit increase platelets count 5-10×103, dose 1 unit/10 kg. - Storage: at 20-22 °C for 5-7 days, at 4 °C for 24 hrs - special plastic container, continuous horizontal agitation - Risk of viral present - Indication to control or prevent bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia or dysfunction.  Granulocyte Concentrate - Collection by: Routine donation (buffy coat) - less effective Leucopheresis - more better 3 Dr.Ali Alkhafajy Blood transfusion Lec 3 - Use in patients with persistent neutropenia and documented to have infection or chemotherapy and failure to respond with antibiotic at 48 hrs until infection diminishes or higher neutrophils. - Because of a rapid decline in granulocyte function during storage, granulocyte concentrates should be stored at room temperature for no longer than 24 hrs of donation.  FFP (fresh frozen plasma) - Collection: Plasma separated from whole blood or apheresis and frozen immediately within 6-8 hrs of collection at -20 °C. - Volume: 200-250 ml. - Storage: at – 20 °C up to 12 months and should be used immediately within 2 hrs after thawing. - Dose: 5-15 ml/kg. - Indications: specific factor deficiency (inherited form), acquired factors deficiency (DIC, liver disease), warfarin overdose, massive transfusion. - Side effect: volume overload, allergy, disease transmission.  Cryoprecipitate - Collection: fresh frozen plasma thawed at 4 °C is then centrifuged and separate the white glutinous precipitate to make the cryoprecipitate - Volume: 10-25 ml. - Storage: at – 20 °C up to 12 months and should be used immediately within 2 hrs after thawing. - Dose: according to use. 4 Dr.Ali Alkhafajy Blood transfusion Lec 3 - Indications: according to the factor required - Side effects: allergy, disease transmission 5