LIB116 Lecture 2: Statistical Analysis and Databases

Statistical analysis and its software B- Inferential statistical analysis 1 Statistical analysis and its software C- Associative or relative analysis Associative or relative seek statistics identify meaningful...

Statistical analysis and its software B- Inferential statistical analysis 1 Statistical analysis and its software C- Associative or relative analysis Associative or relative seek statistics identify meaningful to interrelationships among data. between or For instance, "Is there a relationship between salt intake and blood pressure among middle-age women?" is a problem definition suitable for analysis by associative statistics. 2  Statistical analysis and its software Major statistical data analysis softwares in 2024 Statistical Package Microsoft Excel Matlab for Social Sciences OriginPro Minitab GraphPad Prism 3 Statistical analysis and its software Issues to consider in data analysis There are a number of issues to consider with respect to data analysis. These include: - Having the necessary skills to analyze -Following acceptable normsfor data analysis and presentation - Choosing the appropriate statistical software - Providing honest and accurate analysis 4  Databas e 11/10/20 24 Database What is Database A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated in digital form. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images. 6 Database TYPES OF DATABASE Relational database Document oriented database Graph database Hypertext database Operational database Distributed database Flat file database 7 Database RELATIONAL DATABASE A relational database is a database that has a collection of tables of data items. Data in a single table represents a relations. Tables consist of rows and columns. The columns constitute the attributes. The rows constitute tuples. 8 Database - Row-A data set representing a single item. -Column-A labeled element of a tuple, e.g. "Address" or "Date of birth”, of multiple data item. A primary key is used to uniquely identify each row. The foreign key a column or group of columns in one table that points to the primary key of another table.9 Database Example for primary key 1 0 Database Example for foreign key 1 1 Database DOCUMENT ORIENTED DATABASE A document-oriented database is a database that stores information in documents. A document database is a type of nonrelational database that is designed to store data as JSON-like documents. 1 2 Database In the following example, a JSON-like document describes a book. 1 3 Database Another example 1 4  Database GRAPH DATABASE A graph database is a database that uses graph structures with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. 1 5 Database Ex: (Facebook) 1 6 Database Ex: 1 7  Database HYPERTEXT DATABASE Hypertext is a special type of database system, in which objects (text, pictures, music, programs, and so on) can be creatively linked to each other. When you select an object, you can see all the other objects that are linked to it. Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references (hyperlinks) to other text that the reader can immediately access. PagesoftenwritteninHTML(HypertextMarkup Language ). 1 8 Database Ex: 1 9  Database OPERATIONAL DATABASE An operational database management system is software that is designed to allow users to easily define, modify, retrieve, and manage data in real-time. While conventional databases rely on batch processing, operational database systems are oriented toward real-time, transactional operations. An operational database contains data about the things that go on inside an organization. Example: data on customer complaints, employee information, etc.. 32 Database DISTRIBUTED DATABASE It is a database in which portions of the database are stored on multiple computers within a network or different networks. A distributed database is basically a database that is not limited to one system, it is spread over different sites, i.e, on multiple computers or over a network of computers. Updates and deletes performed on the data at one location will be automatically reflected in the data stored elsewhere. 2 1 Database Ex: 2 2 Database FLAT FILE DATABASE A flat file database is a type of database that stores data in a single table. This is unlike a relational database, which makes use of multiple tables and relations. Flat file databases are generally in plain-text form, where each line holds only one record, , with fields separated by commas or tabs. Flat files are ideal for small amount of data. 2 3 Database Ex: 2 4