Lecture-1.2 Female Reproductive Cycle PDF

KSAU-HS COLLEGE OF NURSING – Al Ahsa Term 1, 2024-2025 19 August 2024 1  Female reproductive cycle Objectives:  Describe the normal changes that occur during the reproductive cycle....

KSAU-HS COLLEGE OF NURSING – Al Ahsa Term 1, 2024-2025 19 August 2024 1  Female reproductive cycle Objectives:  Describe the normal changes that occur during the reproductive cycle.  List the stages of menstrual cycles  Give health education to a female regarding self care during menstruation 19 August 2024 2  Female Reproductive cycle Puberty  A period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional. Menarche (first menstruation)  Average age of menarche 12.8 range 8-18 years Menopause  Occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, usually around age 50 ± 5 years.  Menopause means that a woman is no longer ovulating and can no longer get pregnant. 19 August 2024 3  Female Reproductive cycle Female Reproductive cycle refers to the regular changes in endometrial lining of the uterus, due to secretions of the anterior pituitary gland, the ovaries. The female reproductive cycle is called Menstrual cycle.  The duration of the cycle is approximately 28 days.(range 20-45 days)  First day of menstruation (bleeding) = first day of cycle Cycle divided into two cycles  Ovarian cycle  Endometrial cycle 19 August 2024 4  Female Reproductive cycle 1. Ovarian cycle  Follicular phase (1-14 days)  Ovulatory phase (14th day)  Luteal phase (15-28 days) 2. Endometrial cycle o Menstrual phase (1-6 days) o Proliferative phase (7-14 days) o Secretory phase (16-28 days) o Ischemic phase & Menstrual phase (1-6 days) 3. Changes in cervical mucus 19 August 2024 5  Reproductive cycle  Cycle Day: 1-13: First Part of the Menstrual Cycle  Menstrual (Cycle days 1-6)  Follicular Phase (Cycle days 7-13)  Proliferative Phase (Cycle days 7-14)  Menstrual Phase: (uterine changes…cycle days 1-6) 19 August 2024 6 19 August 2024 7  Ovarian cycle phase Phase Change Follicular phase Ovum maturation (FSH) 1st day to 14 days Production of oestrogen 14 of cycle Ovulation phase Ovulation (LH) 14 days before next menstruation Luteal phase (LH) -Formation of Corpus luteum which secretes estrogen and progesterone After ovulation Corpus luteum regresses (corpus albicans) 19 August 2024 8 Ovarian cycle 19 August 2024 9 19 August 2024 10 19 August 2024 11  Endometrial cycle Phase  2 days before onset of menstruation, in endometrium – vasospasm – ischemia and necrosis.  The Endometrium separates from basal layer – resulting in menstruation. 1.Menstruation: Menstrual flow (5 days, blood loss 40 mls in one cycle)  Average age of menarche 12.8 range 8-18 years  Menarche usually starts 2 years after breast development and takes up to 2 years to establish normal flow. 19 August 2024 12  Endometrial cycle Phase 2.Proliferative phase -from end of the period until ovulation 3.Secretory phase : uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized Ovum. 19 August 2024 13  Endometrial cycle Phase 19 August 2024 14  Changes in cervical mucus  During reproductive years – mucus is scanty, thick and sticky  Before ovulation thin , clear and elastic – to promote the passage of sperm into the uterus and fallopian tube. Spinnbarkeit – Refers to elasticity of the cervical mucus.  "Stretchability” of the cervical mucus and peaks on 14th day of ovulation 19 August 2024 15  Self carrying during menstruation  PMS – Pre Menstrual Syndrome  Dysmenorrhea - painful periods or menstrual cramps  Calendar – Safe period  Hygiene -  Exercise 19 August 2024 16 Mild or moderate form of premenstrual syndrome – Management  Drinking plenty of fluids to ease abdominal bloating  Eating a balanced diet -fruits and vegetables and reducing your intake of sugar, salt, caffeine, and alcohol  taking supplements- folic acid, vitamin B-6, calcium, and magnesium to reduce cramps and mood swings  taking vitamin D - to reduce symptoms  sleeping at least eight hours - reduce fatigue  exercising - decrease bloating and improve your mental health  exercising and reading – reduces stress 19 August 2024 17 REFERENCE :  Murray.S., McKinney,E.(2012).Foundation of maternal – Newborn Nursing.(5th Ed). Saunders 53-65.  Murray.S., McKinney,E.(2012).Foundation of maternal – Newborn Nursing.(7th Ed). Saunders 53-55 19 August 2024 18