Lecture 1: Introduction to Biosensors PDF

Lecture 1 Introduction to BIOSENSOR  What is the Sensor A sensor is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Bio-Sensors It is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an ele...

Lecture 1 Introduction to BIOSENSOR  What is the Sensor A sensor is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Bio-Sensors It is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. It detects, records and transmits information regarding a physiological change or process. It determines the presence and concentration of a specific substance in any test solution. Basic principle of Biosensor in 3 points: 1. Biological recognition element which highly specific towards the biological material analytes produces. 2. Transducers detects and transduces signal from biological target receptor molecule to electrical signal; which is due to reaction occur. 3. After transduction signal from biological to electrical signal where its amplification is necessary and takes place and read out in detector after processing the values are displayed for monitor and controlling the system. Basic principle of Biosensor 1 st component biological element Must highly specific, stable under storage conditions,. As: microorganisms, tissue, cell, enzyme, antibody. Functions of biological element Interaction with a target compound to be detected. Capability of detecting the presence of a target compound in the test solution. 2nd component physiochemical transducer Interface and measuring the physical change that occurs with the reaction at the bioreceptors then transforming that energy into measurable electrical output. 3 component Detector rd Signals from the transducer are passed to a microprocessor where they are amplified and analyzed. The data is then converted to concentration units and transferred to a display data storage device. How does the biosensor work Perfect Biosensor Output signal must be suitable to measurement environment. The functional surface must be compatible with the transducer. High selectivity with low interference. Sufficient sensitivity and resolution. Perfect Biosensor cont. Sufficient accuracy and repeatability. Sufficient speed of response. Sufficient dynamic range. Basic characteristics of Biosensor 1. Linearity: is high when detect high substrate concentration. 2. Sensitivity: Value of the electrode response per substrate concentration 3. Selectivity: chemical interference must be minimized for obtaining the correct results. Types of Biosensor Sheet 1 Discuss the concept of biosensor Distinguish between the difference between bioreceptor and analyte What are the types of biosensor What are the characteristics of perfect biosensor Explain the three main components in biosensor