Lec 01 Introduction to Plant Quarantine & International Organization PDF

Introduction to Plant Quarantine & International Organization Lecture # 01 AGR-601 Plant Quarantine & SPS Methods Muhammad Shoaib Saleem Organizations regulating plant Quarantine and global trade  The colors indicate the following:  Blue – conventio...

Introduction to Plant Quarantine & International Organization Lecture # 01 AGR-601 Plant Quarantine & SPS Methods Muhammad Shoaib Saleem Organizations regulating plant Quarantine and global trade  The colors indicate the following:  Blue – conventions, laws and regulations;  Green – organizations, commissions and committees related to food and agriculture; Red – trade;  Yellow – standards for phytosanitary measures. FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;  CPM, Commission on Phytosanitary Measures;  IPPC, International Plant Protection Convention;  ISPM, International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures;  NPPO, national plant protection organizations; Cont…  RPPC, regional plant protection conventions;  RPPO, regional plant protection organizations;  SPS, The agreement on application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures;  WTO, World Trade Organization. indicates international and regional binding agreements and national regulations (laws), that if broken can result in legal action. (A.M. Tronsmo.) What is Plant Quarantine: According to G. Mathys (1975):  'Government quarantine offers services which are beyond the capabilities of individual beneficiaries or that are difficult to obtain in some other way at a lesser cost'.  Thus, plant quarantine, in real sense, serves as a national service by preventing the introduction of exotic pests/pathogens/weeds and their further spread. Cont.…  Plant quarantine also be defined as:  'Rules and regulations promulgated by governments to regulate the introduction of plants, planting materials, plant products, soil, living organisms, etc. with a view to prevent inadvertent introduction of exotic pests, weeds and pathogens harmful to the agriculture or the environment of a country/region, and if introduced, to prevent their establishment and further spread'.  Plant quarantine is thus designed as a safeguard against harmful pests/pathogens exotic to a country or a region Cont.…  The method of exclusion of the pests is enforced through certain legal measures commonly known as Quarantine. NEED OF PLANT QUARANTINE  Plant quarantine measures aim at providing protection to the agriculture of a country or region against the likely ravages of alien pests/pathogens should they get introduced and established.  These measures are of particular importance and relevance to countries like India whose economy is largely based on agriculture.  Quarantine not only helps to ward off the threats of exotic pests, but also aim to eliminate and prevent further spread of pests/pathogens (both indigenous and introduced) with restricted distribution within the country (domestic quarantine). Cont.…  Plant quarantine may be defined as the restriction imposed by duly constituted authorities on the production, movement and existence of plants or plant materials, or animals or animal products or any other article or material or normal activity of persons and is brought under regulation in order that the introduction or spread of a pest may be prevented or 8 limited or in order that the pest already introduced may be controlled or to avoid losses that would otherwise occur through the damage done by the pest or through the continuing cost of their control. Cont.…  Quarantine can be defined “as a legal restriction to prevent the entrance and establishment of a plant disease or insect pest in an area where the pest or disease dose no exist”. Cont.…. In Summary…  The meaning of this term has been broadened, and plant quarantine is now taken to mean all aspects of the regulation of the movement of living plants, living plant parts or plant products between politically defined territories or ecologically distinct parts of them. Historical Events:  The first legal restrictions to hinder the spread of disease were enacted against human disease.  1403- It was the notorious outbreak of bubonic plague, which swept through Europe during the 14th century that led the Venetian Republic to appoint three guardians of public health, to exclude infected and suspected ships and to make the first quarantine of infected areas in 1403.  The term quarantine has been derived from latin words 'quaranta giorni literally means 40 day period  Travellers from the Levant and Egypt, where plague was endemic, were isolated in a detection hospital for 40 days. Cont….  1660- a quarantine law was enacted in Rouen, France, ordering the eradication of  barberry plants from the vicinity of grain fields.  1866-The first British legislation against a disease in animals or plants was an Act of 1866 granting emergency powers for the destruction of all cattle affected by rinderpest which had been introduced into Britain by imported Russian cattle the previous year.  1873-An embargo was passed in Germany to prevent importation of plant and plant products from the US to prevent the introduction of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in 1873.  1877- The United Kingdom Destructive Insects Act was passed to prevent the importation of the Colorado beetle.  1875-In North America, the first legislative measures against plant disease were promulgated by states in 1875.  1891- The first plant quarantine measure was initiated in US by setting up a seaport inspection station at San Padro, California.  1912- The US Congress enacted the Federal Plant Quarantine Act, which among other things, prohibits the entry of plants into the United States.  1881-The first international plant protection convention, the Phylloxera convention was signed at Berne on 3 November 1881 by five countries. This convention remained in force till 1951, when International Plant Protection Convention under  FAO was established at Rome. This agreement was constituted with the purpose of securing common and effective action to prevent the introduction and spread of pests and diseases of plants and plant products.  2003-The PFS order was revised in order to fulfill India's legal obligations under the WTO Agreement and the Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India), 2003 (referred to as PQ order) came into force with effect from January 1, 2004. Quarantine Types/Legislative Classes 1. International quarantine- Legislation to prevent the introduction of new pests and weeds from foreign countries 2. Domestic quarantine- Legislation to prevent the spread of already established pests, diseases, and weeds from one part of the country to another. Cont… 3. Farmer’s quarantine-Legislation to enforce farmers to apply effective control measures to prevent damage by already established pests. 4. Food quarantine- Legislation to prevent the adulteration and misbranding of insecticides and determine their permissible residue tolerance levels in food stuffs. 5. Quarantine for pest control operations-Legislation to regulate the activities of people engaged in pest control operations and application of hazardous insecticides. THANKS!