LEA 1 - IV Theories and Principles of Police Service PDF

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF POLICE SERVICE What is Police? Police is a branch of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility of maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society. The term police are derived from the word POLITIA, meaning condition of a sta...

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF POLICE SERVICE What is Police? Police is a branch of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility of maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society. The term police are derived from the word POLITIA, meaning condition of a state, government and administration, POLITIA organization is from the Greek word POLITEIA which means government, citizenship, or the entire activity of a POLIS, a city. POLICE (broadest sense) mean the internal organization or regulation of a state, the control and regulation of a community or state through the exercise of the constitutions power of the government. POLICE (less broadest sense) it denotes the power of the government which concerns the tranquility, public order, peace, security of persons and property and the protection of the public health and moral. In the very restricted sense, the word police refers exclusively to that body of armed men which as an institution is capable of exercising its duties by armed physical forces in the preservation and detection of crime and the execution of laws. The prevention of Criminality. Repression of Crime. Apprehending of offenders. Recovery of Property. Regulation of Non-Criminal Conduct. Performance of Related Miscellaneous Service. POLICE SERVICE Fundamental Theories of Police Service 1. The Continental Theory- police are servant of higher authorities and the people have little or no share at all in their duties, nor any direct connection with them. 2. The Home Rule Theory- policemen are considered as servants of the community who defend for the effectiveness of their function upon the express wishes of the people. Concepts of Police Service 1. Old Concepts- this old philosophy means throwing more people in jail rather than keeping these out jail. Punishment is the sole instrument of crime control. The yardstick of efficiency of the police is more on arrests. 2. Modern Concept- police service today has broadened its activities to include certain aspect of social service for the welfare of the people. Their yardstick of efficiency is the absence of crime. Unity of Command Unity of command requires that an individual be directly accountable to only one superior. No person can effectively serve two superiors at a given time. Chain of Command Primarily this principle provides for the vertical movement of authority up and down established channels in the organizational hierarchy. To illustrate this concept, consider a directives originating in the office of the patrol chief intended for the patrol force (downward movement). Two levels of authority fall between the patrol chief and the patrol officer inspector. Because both levels are held responsible for various aspects of patrol supervision, both must be aware of such directives. If either supervisor is by- passed, that one can not be held accountable for the lack of knowledge. Further, performance of supervisory duties is greatly hindered, and potentially serious problem is created. Delegation of Responsibility and Authority There must be a clear line of normal authority running from the top to bottom of every organization. Ultimate authority and responsibility for a police organization lies at the top of the chain of command-with the chief. However, if a subordinate is to be held responsible for the accomplishment of a given task, he or she must be given the authority to carry out those responsibilities. It is important, also the responsibility and the authority be clearly defined. If the patrol officers is given the responsibility for evaluating police response time on a given day or in a specific situation, the officer must be given the authority to procure the communication logs from the communication center. Without this authority, the entire task can not be accomplished. Delineation of Responsibility and Authority A clear-out delineation of responsibility and authority is essential to prevent confusion of lines of authority. If responsibility and authority are not clearly defined, conflicts, duplication and overlaps of function lead to confusion and inefficiency. Each officer and each organization segment of authority delegated to accomplish the job. Span of Control The number of officers or units reporting directly to the supervisor should not exceed the number that can be feasibly and effectively coordinate and directed. There are innumerable factor that limits the span control including distance, time, knowledge, personality, and the complexity of the work to be performed. It is not unusual to fine fifty or sixty workers to perform identification function reporting to one supervisor. On the other hand, as we ascend the chain of command and the diversity of functions increases, the number of individuals that a police executive supervises decreases rapidly. Objective All organizational elements must contribute, directly or indirectly, to the accomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise. Each organizational element should be formed for a definite purpose, and this purpose must be accomplish the major objective. Any police function and organizational elements that is not required in the accomplishment of the overall objectives should be eliminated. Coordination The organizational structure must facilitate the development of close, friendly, and cooperative relations, especially between line and staff activities. Effective coordination is dependent almost entirely upon adequate communication among all element of a police organization. Time The police service is among the few public services that maintain a twenty-four hour schedule. It is necessary to the department to assigned officers in sufficient number to meet the demands at any given time. Watch or Shift A time division of the day to ensure proper allocation of personnel. Shifts are normally eight consecutive hours, five days, giving an officer a forty-hour a week. However, longer working hours and work weeks are common. Further, shifts frequently overlaps to provide additional personnel during peak period. Territory Territorial distribution is necessary to ensure the availability and general suitability of the patrol service throughout a jurisdiction. Geographical or territorial divisions of the department can beer described as follows: 1. Post- a fixed or stationary point location (e.g., a specified street intersection, surveillance site, or an assigned desk or office). 2. Rout or Lined Beat- a length of street normally assigned to the traffic and patrol officers whether foot or mobile. The rout has the characteristics of being continuous, in a straight line, or the line sight. 3. Beat- a geographical area, once again assigned to either foot or mobile patrol and traffic officer. 4. Section- two or more beats, routes, posts, or any combination thereof. Clientele The distribution of patrol services with respect to the characteristics of the population served must be recognized and dealt with in contemporary law enforcement. The development of specialized functional units expresses the principle of the organization by clientele. Nature of the Office of a Policeman A police man must have a mind of a lawyer the soul of a clergyman, the heart of the social worker, discipline of an army sergeant, the integrity of a saint. He must believe in a community of law, while seeing little but lawlessness; believe in the goodness of man, while seeing the man most often at his worst, depend on his faithfulness, know his jurisdictions like a sociologist, and he must understand people like a psychologist. He must take long view of life like a philosopher and yet never losing his common touch. POLICE OPERATIONS Police Operation Another word in the large collection of police service terminology is operations. For the most part, operation is synonymous with line function. In accordance with previous definitions, operations are inclusive of both primary and secondary line functions. Subdivision of the Operation Area. 1. District- is a subdivision of a province and shall consist of a metropolitan city or a metropolitan city and adjacent municipalities\ small cities, or several adjacent municipalities and small cities. 2. Station- is a subdivision of a district and shall consist of a large municipality or a small city or municipalities\small city and some adjacent smaller municipalities or several adjacent municipalities. 3. Sub-station- is a subdivision of a station and shall consist of a large municipality or s small city or a municipality itself. Operating Unit of a Police Station 1. Patrol Division\Section- shall be responsible for crime prevention; general preservation of peace and order; crime suppression, and other public safety services. 2. Investigation Division\section- shall be charged with the duty of carrying on the objectives of criminal investigation, that is, to identify and locate the guilty party and provide evidence of his guilt through criminal proceedings. 3. Vice Control Division\Section- shall be responsible for the neutralization or suppression of vices such as gambling, prostitution and drug abuse. 4. Juvenile Division\Section- shall be primarily concerned with children and youth, the correction and rehabilitation of youth offenders. 5. Intelligence Division\Section- shall work for the detection of syndicated crimes and subtle criminal activities, including subversion and threats to the security of the state. 6. Traffic Division\section- shall be responsible fro the enforcement of traffic laws and regulation of traffic. This section is primarily concerned with the motorist and pedestrians. 7. Homicide Division\Section- shall be charged with the duty to investigate homicide and murder cases. 8. Municipal Police Sub-station- shall be concerned with the general maintenance of peace, order and public safety within their respective jurisdictions. The Municipal Police Sub-station shall consist of two principal sections with corresponding functions as indicated below: a. Patrol Section Preservation of peace and order Suppression of criminal activities crime prevention Inspection activities Enforcement of traffic laws and regulations Fire prevention and control b. Investigation section Crime investigation Vice control Control of juvenile delinquency Custody of prisoners Peace Officer of Small Police Station Peace officers of small Police stations are considered as generalist. Most small police station within the limits of their capabilities, are responsible for all activities in the fields of law enforcement and public safety. They provide routine patrol, conduct premise inspection, make criminal and traffic investigations, make arrest, and in other ways, provide for the community security. In such stations, its members and officers are by and large generalist. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) The Philippine National Police (PNP) has been established initially consisting of the following: a. Members of the police force who were integrated into the Integrated National Police (INP) pursuant to PD 765; b. Officers and enlisted personnel of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) which include: Those assigned with the Narcotics Command (NARCOM);  Those assigned with the Criminal Investigation Service (CIS); Those of the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC. Civilian operatives of the CIS. c. Regular operatives of the abolished NAPOLCOM Inspection, Investigation and Intelligence Branch may also be absorbed by the PNP. In addition, the PNP shall absorb the Office of the National Action Committee on AntiHijacking (NACAH) of the DND, all the functions of the Philippine Air Force Security Command (PAFSECOM), as well as the police functions of the Coast Guard. Powers and Functions of the PNP Chief The command and direction of the PNP shall be vested in the Chief of the PNP with the following powers and functions: a. Direct and control tactical as well a strategic movements, deployment, placement, utilization of the PNP or any of its units and personnel, including its equipment, facilities and other resources. Such command and direction may be delegated to subordinate officials with the respect to units under their respective commands in accordance with the prescribed NAPOLCOM rules and regulations. b. Issue detained implementing policies and instructions regarding personnel, funds, properties, records, correspondence and such as other matters. The Manning Levels On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the PNP shall be approximately in accordance with a police-to-population ratio of one (1) policeman for every five hundred (500) persons. The actual strength by cities and municipalities shall depend on the state of peace and order, population density and actual demands of the service in the particular area: Provided, That the minimum police-to-population ratio shall not be less than one (1) policeman for every one thousand (1,000) persons: Provided, further, That urban areas shall have a higher minimum police-to- population ratio as may be prescribed by regulations. Rank Classification For purposes of efficient administration, supervision and control, the rank classification of the members of the PNP shall be as follows: Commissioned Officers Old Rank Police General (PGEN) Director General  Police Lieutenant General (PLTGEN) Deputy Director General Police Major General (PMGEN) Director Police Brigadier General (PBGEN) Chief Superintendent Police Colonel (PCOL) Senior Superintendent Police Lieutenant Colonel (PLTCOL) Superintendent Police Major (PMAJ) Chief Inspector Police Captain (PCPT) Senior Inspector Police Lieutenant (PLT) Inspector Non-Commissioned Officers Old Rank Police Executive Master Sergeant (PEMS) Senior Police Officer IV Police Chief Master Sergeant (PCMS) Senior Police Officer III Police Senior Master Sergeant (PSMS) Senior Police Officer II Police Master Sergeant (PMSg) Senior Police Officer I Police Staff Sergeant (PSSg) Police Officer III Police Corporal (PCpl Police Officer II Patrolman or Patrolwoman (Patmn/Patwmn) Police Officer I THE PNP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE In order to accomplish the mission, powers and functions of the PNP, its structure was provided for as follows: The PNP Command Group is headed by the Chief PNP who is vested with the power to command and direct the PNP. He is also assisted by two Deputies assigned to the administration of the PNP and one for operations side. The Chief of the Directorial Staff serves as the Chief Operations Officer of the PNP. He coordinates, supervises, and directs the Directorial Staff and the PNP units in the performance of their respective functions. The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) is headed by a Inspector General who assists the Chief PNP in ensuring operational readiness and investigates infractions of the regulations committed by the members of the PNP. The Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO) is headed by a senior police commissioned officer who serves as a manager of the facility that will supervise the implementation of the guidelines and policies on human rights laws. The Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM) serves as the Central facility of the PNP in coordinating and integrating all strategy management processes, sustaining its strategy execution and management, and instilling in the organization a culture of strategy focus. The Directorial Staff is composed of 16 directorates. Every Director in each unit has also his defined function in line with his specialization as follows: The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM). The director optimizes the utilization of personnel resources both from the PNP- uniformed and non- uniformed personnel. The Directorate for Intelligence (DI). The director manages the gathering/collating of intelligence objectives through effective management of all intelligence and counter-intelligence activities of the PNP. He also serves as the linkage of all foreigners with official transactions with the chief PNP. The Directorate for Operations (DO). The director exercises the command, the control, the direction, the coordination and the supervision of all activities on PNP operations such as deployment and employment of personnel. The Directorate for Logistics (DL). The director administers and manages material resources needed for the PNP operations. The Directorate for Plans (DPL). The director plans and programs strategic PNP operations. He also represents the PNP in the inter-agency and international affairs on peace and order. The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC). The director administers and manages the fiscal financial resources. The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR). The director formulates and implements community –related activities, programs and projects. He also supervises the PNP Salaam Police Center to undertake close monitoring, networking and liaisoning activities with the Muslim communities in addressing terrorism and lawless violence in their respective areas to guarantee that the Muslims are not discriminated, oppressed or singled-out. The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM). The director coordinates. Controls and supervises all investigation activities. The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD). The director formulates policies on matters pertaining to human resources and doctrine development. The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD). The director engages in research and development and does testing and evaluation of self-reliant projects. The Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management (DICTM). The director integrates and standardizes all the PNP information systems and resources to further improve the frontline services. Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police Operations (DIPOs). The Directors of the clustered areas for Integrated Police Operations, namely: Eastern Mindanao, Western Mindanao, Visayas, Southern and Northern Luzon are given the responsibility to direct and to supervise the conduct of integrated anti-criminality, internal security, counter- terrorism operations, to promote inter-operability with the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and to provide a system to promote regional socio-economic development. There are 23 National Support Units of the PNP. Eleven (11) of which are administrative while twelve (12) are operational in nature. The twelve (12) operational support units and their respective functions are as follows: Maritime Group (MG). This group is responsible to perform all police functions over Philippine Territorial waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include ports and harbors and small islands for the security and the sustainability development of the maritime environment. Intelligence Group (IG). This group serves as the intelligence and counter- intelligence operating unit of the PNP. Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG). This group provides security to government vital installations, government officials, visiting dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given protection. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG). This group monitors, investigates, prosecutes all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to indicate their commission by highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and organizations. It also conducts organized- crime –control, all major cases involving violations of the revised penal Code, violators of SPECIAL LAWS assigned to them such as Anti- hijacking, Anti-Carnapping and Cyber crimes among others and atrocities committed by Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)/New People’s Army (NPA)/National Democratic Front (NDF). Special Action Force (SAF). This group is a mobile strike force or a reaction unit to augment regional, provincial, municipal and city police force for civil disturbance control, internal security operations, hostage-taking rescue operations, search and rescue in times of natural calamities, disasters and national emergencies and other special police operations such as ant- hijacking, anti-terrorism, explosives and ordnance disposal. On a special note, the PNP Air Unit is placed under the supervision of SAF. Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP). This group provides security to all airports throughout the country. Highway Patrol Group (HPG). This group enforces the traffic laws and regulations, promote safety along the highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through inter- agency cooperation concerning Police Traffic Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety Education and Traffic Law enforcement functions and develops reforms in the crime prevention aspect against all forms of lawlessness committed along National Highway involving the use of motor vehicles. Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG). This group undertakes and orchestrates Police Community Relations program and activities in partnership with concerned government agencies, the community, and volunteer organizations in order to prevent crime and attain a safe and peaceful environment. Civil Security Group (CSG). This group regulates business operations and activities of all organized private detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies and company guard forces. It also supervises the licensing and registration of firearms and explosives. Crime Laboratory (CL). This group provides scientific and technical, investigative aide and support to the PNP and other investigative agencies. It also provides crime laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of physical evidence gathered at the crime scene with primary emphasis on medical, biological and physical nature. PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG). This Group serves as the primary unit of the PNP in addressing kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage situations. And PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG). This Group is responsible for the implementation of pertinent laws on cybercrimes and anti-cybercrime campaigns of the PNP. For the main PNP operating units, there are seventeen (17) Police Regional Offices nationwide which correspond to the Regional subdivisions of the country. Directly under the Police Regional Offices are seventeen (17) Regional Public Safety Battalions (RPSB), eighty (80) Police Provincial Offices which correspond to the number of Provinces in the country and twenty (20) City Police Offices (CPOs) in highly urbanized and independent cities , which are equivalent to a Provincial Police Office. How To Start A Career As a Police Officer in the Philippines 1. Check your Eligibility The PNP is constantly looking for qualified candidates for the Patrolman/Patrolwoman position. These are the general eligibility requirements for new applicants: Must be a Filipino citizen Not less than 21 years old but not more than 30 years old At least 1.57 meters (5.1811 feet) in height for males At least 1.52 (4.986 feet) meters for female Bachelor’s Degree Holder 2. Take the NAPOLCOM Entrance Exam If you fit the eligibility requirements above, you are eligible to take the NAPOLCOM Exam. Click here to learn more about the exam. If you pass the NAPOLCOM exam, you are eligible to apply for the Patrolman/Patrolwoman position. 3. Apply on the PNP Cores Website After passing the exam, you are now ready to apply on the PNP recruitment website. Submit the required documents here. If successful, you will receive a QR Code and instructions on the Recruitment Selection Process (RSP). 4. Attend the RSP In the Recruitment Selection Process or RSP, you will submit your documentary requirements, and undergo the selection tests (medical, dental, and drug tests). If you pass the RSP and you are within the quota of the PNP Regional Office, you may be offered your appointment. 2023 Monthly Base Pay of Uniformed Personnel in the PNP Patrolman/Patrolwoman: PHP 29,668 Police Corporal: PHP 30,867 Police Staff Sergeant: PHP 32,114 Police Master Sergeant: PHP 33,411 Police Senior Master Sergeant: PHP 34,079 Police Chief Master Sergeant: PHP 34,761 Police Executive Master Sergeant: PHP 38,366 Police Lieutenant: PHP 49,528 Police Captain: PHP 56,582 Police Major: PHP 62,555 Police Lieutenant Colonel: PHP 71,313 Police Colonel: PHP 80,583 Police Brigadier General: PHP 91,058 Police Major General: PHP 102,896 Police Lieutenant General: PHP 125,574 Police General: PHP 149,785