Law Exam Review Sheet PDF

Yellow Means Important, in depth knowledge and facts Blue means not important Green means should understand, but not details Exam Format: Part A: Multiple Choice-20 Part B: True/False-15 Part C: Short Answer-16 (4 questions worth 4 marks each - point form - 7 questions, pick four to answer) P...

Yellow Means Important, in depth knowledge and facts Blue means not important Green means should understand, but not details Exam Format: Part A: Multiple Choice-20 Part B: True/False-15 Part C: Short Answer-16 (4 questions worth 4 marks each - point form - 7 questions, pick four to answer) Part D: Long Answer-20 (3 questions, pick 1 to answer) (5 marks for intro (state three arguments) and conclusion(re-state arguments) , 5 marks for each of the three arguments and the evidence to support it) (evidences of cases, discusses, laws, field trips, guest speakers (related to course work) Your writing is not evaluated - it is content and ideas only) total : 71 Unit 1: Legal Foundations ========================= The functions of law: --------------------- - - - - - - - - The difference between rules and laws ------------------------------------- - #### Rules - - - #### Laws - - - #### How are they different? - - - Types of law (constitutional, administrative, criminal, torts, labour, etc. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #### **[Public Law]** - deals with the relationship between government and individuals - #### **[Private Law]** (AKA CIVIL LAW) - deals with the interests of private individuals - - #### **[Procedural law] -** Sets out the rules of legal conduct - #### **[Common Law] -** A body of law created from previous court decisions - - - - #### [Substantive Law] - - - - - #### **[Constitutional Law -]** Are the basic laws of nation states - #### Administrative Law - #### Criminal Law - - - #### Environmental Law - - #### Tax and Aboriginal Law - - #### TORT (private) - - #### Estate Law (private) - - #### Family Law (private) - #### Property Law (private) - #### Commercial Law (private) - #### Contract Law (private) - - - - #### Labor Law (private) - - - Public vs. Private law ---------------------- #### Public Law: - - - #### Private Law: - - - - Court system structure (levels of courts) ----------------------------------------- ***Canadian Court System Structure:*** #### Provincial Court (Level 1): - - - #### Superior Court (Level 2): - - #### Federal/Provincial court of appeal (Level 3): - - - #### Supreme court of Canada (Level 4): - - - - - - - - - History/Origins of law\*Origins of Law -------------------------------------- +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Rule of | (1215 | Freedom of | Basis of US | Impacted | | Law- Magna | onward) | the church, | declaration | our charter | | Carta | | law of the | of | of rights | | | England | land, civil | independenc | and | | | | liberties, | e | freedoms | | | | limit royal | and UN's | | | | | authority, | declaration | | | | | fair trial, | of human | | | | | no | rights, | | | | | arbitrary | similar | | | | | detention | rights | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Historical Group | When and where | Main features of | | | | legal system | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Code of | Ancient Mesopotamia | Codified law and | | | (Iraq) | standard law across a | | Hammurabi | | whole nation | | | 1792-1750 bc | | | | | Created jurisdiction | | | | | | | | The rule of law | | | | | | | | Earliest recorded law | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Hebrew/Mosaic Law | 1250-1210 bc | - - - - - - | | | | - | | | Modern-day Egypt | | | | | | | | When Moses descends | | | | from Mount Sinai | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Roman Law | Roman Empire | Similar to Greek law | | | | | | | 450-100 bc | - - - - - - | | | | - | | | Eastern Mediterranean | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Feudalism | 5th-15th century | System of loyalty and | | | Europe | hierarchy | | | | | | | | Monarchs own all the | | | | land and divide and | | | | give it to nobles | | | | | | | | Nobles protect | | | | monarchs and are | | | | loyal to them i.e. | | | | pay taxes and divide | | | | the land to give to | | | | knight | | | | | | | | Knights receive land | | | | in exchange for | | | | protecting it | | | | | | | | Rent and work the | | | | land they are given | | | | by the knights | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Precedent | England | Relates to laws | | | | created by the courts | | | 16th century | | | | | Binding decisions | | | | made by higher courts | | | | that affect all | | | | levels of the court | | | | | | | | Judge made laws | | | | | | | | Similar cases are | | | | judged similarly | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Case Law | England | Relates to laws | | | | created by the courts | | | 1150 onward | | | | | Court cases are | | | | published in the | | | | court reporter in | | | | chronological order | | | | | | | | The recording of | | | | every case | | | | | | | | Keeping a record of | | | | cases | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Rule of law Magna | 1215 | Rights and freedoms | | Carta | | | | | England | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Parliament/Statue Law | | Laws created by the | | | | government | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Greek Law | 400 bc onward | Creation of democracy | | | | | | | Greece | People choose their | | | | leaders | | | | | | | | Voting for government | | | | | | | | Jurys are created for | | | | the first time to | | | | judge crimes (400-500 | | | | person jury) | | | | | | | | No access to | | | | lower-class persons | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ - Rule of precedent ----------------- *Precedent Law - Created England 16th century* - - - - - Unit 2: Human Rights ==================== - Canada's constitution --------------------- #### What is a Constitution? - - - #### Why is the Constitution so important? - - - - - History and development of Canada's constitution (British North- ---------------------------------------------------------------- *A Brief History of Canada's Constitution:* #### **1867: The British North American Act (BNA)** - - - #### **1982: Constitution Act** - - - - #### 1987: Meech Lake Accord - *1985 - New negotiations began to persuade Quebec to sign the Constitution* - - #### 1992: Charlottetown Accord - - - - - Making a law/How a bill becomes a law ------------------------------------- - - [First Reading] - - - - [Second Reading] - - - - - - [Committee Stage] - [Third Reading] - - - - - [Senate] - - [Proclamation Date] - - [Provincial Government] - - - - Division of powers between levels of government ----------------------------------------------- +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Federal Government Powers | Provincial Government (Section | | (Section 91) | 92) | +===================================+===================================+ | - - - - - - - - | - - - - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - Development of human rights in Canada ------------------------------------- Development of the Canadian Charter of Right and Freedoms - - - - - - - Influences on human rights in Canada (Magna Carta, American Bill ---------------------------------------------------------------- - **\*Charter of Rights and Freedoms** ------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - All Charter Clauses: [[https://docs.google.com/document/d/17SJEFszFFJX26Ad-KFvURqUkhOeOGnnzMpG4scTJmM0/edit?tab=t.0]](https://docs.google.com/document/d/17SJEFszFFJX26Ad-KFvURqUkhOeOGnnzMpG4scTJmM0/edit?tab=t.0) - Oakes Case and Test ------------------- *How to analyze a charter case:* -------------------------------- *Does the charter apply to the case?* ------------------------------------- *Is one party the government and is one party the individual (Government vs. Individual)?* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *Has a right or freedom in the charter been infringed upon?* ------------------------------------------------------------ *Is there a right or freedom that has been infringed upon that is in the charter?* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *Does Section 1 (The reasonable limits clause) justify the infringement? (Oakes test is applied here)* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *The Oakes case:* ----------------- - *In 1981 David Oakes was stopped by the police, and was found with 8 vials of hash oil, and was charged with possession and with trafficking because they deemed that he had so much that it could not be for personal use.* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - *Part of the Narcotics Control Act said that if you are caught with over a certain amount of drugs you are guilty of trafficking, and it's your job to prove your innocence.* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - *This was in disaccord with the new charter, and he took it to court* --------------------------------------------------------------------- - Ontario Human Rights Code/Commission ------------------------------------ [What is the OHRC] - - - - Protect 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Unit 3: Criminal Law ==================== - General ------- Criminal vs. Civil law - - - - - - - - - - - Definition of a crime - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Purpose of criminal law - - - - Types of criminal offences (indictable, summary, hybrid) The crown decides whether it is a hybrid offence or a summary offence, but have burden of proof - - - - - - - - - - Parties to offences - aiding, abetting, accessory after the fact - - - - - - - - - - Criminal Code ------------- - - - \- What the SIU does not investigate: - Sammy Yatim - - - - - \*Need to add plea bargaining - #### Murder/Homicide - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #### Assault - - - - - - - - - - #### Sexual Assault - - - - - - - - - - #### Robbery - - - - #### Kidnapping & Abduction - - - - - Criminal Procedures ------------------- - - - - Criminal Defences (self-defence, legal duty, excusable conduct, --------------------------------------------------------------- - #### Self Defence - - #### Legal Duty - - #### Excusable conduct: - - - #### Mental Disorder - - #### Automatism - - - #### Intoxication - - - #### Consent - - - #### Entrapment - - #### Double Jeopardy - - #### Battered partner syndrome - - #### Mistake of Law - - #### Mistake of Fact - - #### Provocation [Sentencing] ------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Goals of Sentencing - #### Protect the public - - - - #### Retribution - - - - #### Deterrence - - - - #### Rehabilitation - - - - - - - #### Restitution - - - #### Sentencing Procedures - - - - Prison system & release from prison ----------------------------------- Levels of prisons: - - - [Provincial Correctional Services] ---------------------------------------------- Are responsible for: - - - - - - [Federal Correctional Services] - ### Release from Prison [Parole: ] - [Day parole:] - - [Full Parole] - - - [Info compiled during parole review ] - - - - - [Statutory release ] **Definition = spending the final ⅓** of your sentence in the community under supervision (exception to this is life or indeterminate sentences ) - - - [Dangerous offenders] **Definition:** - - - **In order to declare someone a dangerous offender one of the following must exist:** - - - - - Youth Justice System -------------------- [Incapacity of children:] - - - - [History of youth crime acts:] - - - - - - - - [Juvenile Delinquents act (Enacted 1908, revised 1929):] - - - - - - - - - [Young Offenders Act (1984-2003):] - - - - - By 2000, Canada had one of the highest rates of youth incarceration in the world - - - - - - [Youth Criminal Justice Act (2003-present) (replaced the young offenders act in 2003)] - - - The purpose of the act is to: I. II. III. - - [The Premature Teen Brain ] - - - - [[Youth and the Law Slideshow]](https://tdsb.elearningontario.ca/d2l/le/lessons/25633170/topics/223751538) - Limitations of the Canadian legal system/Wrongfully Convicted ------------------------------------------------------------- **[Limitations of the Canadian Legal System ]** - - - - - - - - - - - - - -