LAS Physical Science WEEK1 PDF

lOMoARcPSD|44879075 LAS Physical Science WEEK1 business tax (Labas Senior High School) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected]) ...

lOMoARcPSD|44879075 LAS Physical Science WEEK1 business tax (Labas Senior High School) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|44879075 BONGABON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE QUARTER 3, WEEK 1 Formation of Heavy Elements Competencies: Give evidence for and describe the formation of heavier elements during star formation and evolution (S11/12PS-IIIb-11) Stellar Nucleosynthesis: Rise of the Stars! The world where we live today is just a small part of our universe. In your previous years, you have learned about the different theories of the origin of the universe that eventually led to the formation of galaxies, solar system and other heavenly bodies. This lesson will focus on one of those wonderful things present in outer space, the stars. Although stars are millions of light years away from us, we can still see them twinkling in the night sky. Let’s find out how they emit light and what keeps them shining for a long time. Scientists believe that the formation of the universe began through the explosion of a primordial atom which happened 13 billion years ago. It is known as the Big Bang. It became a theory that also explains the continuous expansion of the universe. Right after Big Bang, protons and neutrons combined together and formed light elements Hydrogen and Helium in the process of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Other light elements such as Lithium and Beryllium were also formed during this process. Page 1 of 8 Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|44879075 Activity 1 The word “stellar” means star and the formation of elements in the center of the star is called stellar nucleosynthesis. Carl Sagan said that “We are made of star stuff.” What did he mean by that? If we know how some important heavy elements were formed same as stars, that maybe a clue. Label the sequence of star life cycle. Use the hints/clues found in the table below this diagram. Hints/ Clues Average Star 1. The star is unable to generate heat when it runs out of hydrogen in its core leading to its contraction and expansion. It cools down and glows red. The Helium fused into Carbon. The star is now RED GIANT 2. Red giant star becomes exhausted of nuclear fuel, the outer material is blown off into space leaving the inert Carbon. The remnant is known as WHITE DWARF. 3. Giant cloud of gas and dust known as NEBULA. 4. It is formed from nebula due to the gravity that pulled Hydrogen gas together until it spins faster and faster and becomes ignited. A PROTOSTAR rises. 5. MAIN SEQUENCE STAR starts to form when nuclear fusion occurs at the core of the star, it begins to contract, glow and become stable. Hydrogen is converted into Helium. 6. This is said to be the remain of the white dwarf that cooled down and no longer emits light and heat. The hypothetical BLACK DWARF. Massive star 1. It is believed that a NEUTRON STAR is formed from supernova explosion. This is also the smallest star 2. Explosion of star or SUPERNOVA releases large amount of energy. Because of that, elements are dispersed into the space. 3. BLACK HOLE is a region in space where gravity is too strong that no matter can escape from it. 4. A more massive main sequence star evolves, cools and expands faster than low mass star and will turn into RED SUPER GIANT star, the largest known star. Carbon fusion still occurs and Oxygen formed. Look at the diagrams. These will explain how stars are formed into different stages because of nuclear fusion (combination of nuclei to form heavier one) among heavy elements. The diagram shows the Proton-Proton Chain reaction in mainsequence star. This is the process by which average star gets their energy and convert Hydrogen into Helium. It starts with proton and neutron fused together to form deuterium. When one proton collides with deuterium, Helium-3is formed. Two Helium-3 collidedwill form Helium-4. Page 2 of 8 Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|44879075 Case is different in massive star or star eight times larger than solar mass. They undergo CNO (Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen) cycleto convert Hydrogen into Helium. You can see at the right how Carbon 12 fused with proton (H) and form Nitrogen-13. Nitrogen-13 undergoes beta decay to form Carbon-13. Carbon-13 captures proton (H) and Nitrogen 14 is formed. Nitrogen 14 captures proton and Oxygen-15 is produced. Oxygen-15 undergoes beta decay and produces Nitrogen-15. Nitrogen-15 fused with proton gives off Helium and ends up with Carbon-12. Then the process repeats again. Tri alpha processhappens in red giant star once they leave the stage of main sequence star. This is how three Helium-4 are converted into Carbon. A A star accumulates more mass and continues to grow into red super giant. Alpha particle fusion happens at its core and creates more heavy elements until Iron. This is known as the Alpha ladder process. How do elements heavier than Iron form? As the energy at the core of the star decreases, nuclear fusion cannot produce elements higher than Iron. Different pathway is needed for heavier elements to be formed. Page 3 of 8 Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|44879075 Neutron capture, a neutron is added to a seed nucleus. Below is the representation of how neutron is captured and heavier nucleus is formed. Example: Neutron capture can be slow or rapid; a. S-process or slow process happens when there is a slow rate of capturing neutron while there is a faster rate of radioactive decay hence increasing the proton by 1. Example: b. R-process or rapid processmeans that there is faster rate of capturing neutron before it undergoes radioactive decay thus, more neutrons can be combined at the nucleus. This is what happens in a supernova forming heavier elements than Iron with the process known as supernova nucleosynthesis. Example: The explosion of star or supernova is believed to be the source of other elements heavier than Iron. During the explosion, these heavy elements are dispersed into the space. Aside from gases Hydrogen and Helium in space, other evidence of star formation is the energy emitted during nuclear reaction. Itis also the energy emitted by different forms of radiation such as UV, Infrared, X-ray, radio wave and microwave. Activity 2 : Match the terms in column A with its description in Column B Page 4 of 8 Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|44879075 Activity 3: Now, you have learned how stars are formed and evolve from one stage to another and its connection with heavy elements from Carbon through Iron. There are many processes that stars have to undergo before they evolve from one stage to another. For your next task, you will write a story which relates the events of your life from past, present and future to the life cycle of a star. Use also those elements which could symbolize something or anything in your story. (Use another sheet of paper for this task). __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 4: Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following is NOT an evidence of star formation? a. hydrogen c. infrared Radiation b. helium d. rocks 2. How is the energy of star produced? a. By combustion c. by nuclear fission b. By decomposition d. by nuclear fusion 3. Which phase of star will be created after the end of red giant? a. black hole c. supernova b. red super giant d. white dwarf 4. Which is known as the biggest stars in the universe. a. main sequence star c. red super giant b. red giant d. white dwarf 5. Which of the following gases are major components of star? a. carbon and oxygen c. hydrogen and carbon b. helium and carbon d. hydrogen and helium 6. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The core of red giant star is made up of carbon b. The average star has shorter life span c. The more massive the star is the faster it burns its fuel d. No elements heavier than Iron can be produced in a massive star 7. Which is the first stage of a star’s life cycle? a. black hole c. protostar b. nebula d. white dwarf 8. In main sequence star, Hydrogen fuses and converted to Helium. What element is produced from Helium gas at its core?? a. carbon c. neon b. iron d. silicon 9. Which is the second most abundant element in the universe? a. carbon c. hydrogen b. helium d. oxygen 10. What object is formed from gas and dust particles which are pulled together by gravity and no nuclear fusion has happened yet? a. nebula c. protostar b. main sequence star d. red supergiant star 11. Who stated that we are made of star stuff? a. Carl Sagan c. Galileo Galilei b. Edwin Hubble d. Stephen Hawking Page 5 of 8 Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|44879075 12. Which of the following is the sign that a protostar will transform into the next stage? a. When the it starts to spin faster c. When Hydrogen nuclear fusion begins b. When it starts to glow d. When it increases temperature igniting the Hydrogen 13. When does a star become unstable? a. When it runs out of fuel b. When it contracts and expands c. When its core is converted to Iron d. When the outer shell of star is pulled by the gravity from the center 14. Which fusion of elements does Iron come from? a. carbon fusion c. magnesium fusion b. neon fusion d. silicon fusion 15. Which is a huge luminous ball of hot gas such as Hydrogen and Helium. a. comet c. planet b. moon d. star Additional Activity On this activity, you will see a star with the topic written on its center. Fill out the parts of the stars with all the concepts you have learned in this module. Page 6 of 8 Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|44879075 Rubrics for Activity 3 Page 7 of 8 Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|44879075 REFERENCE: Physical Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title First Edition, 2020 ANSWER KEYS: Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Answers may vary. Prepared by: MARY ANN W. MORAL Teacher III VICTOR G. MABAGOS, JR. Teacher II Adam Mark G. Legaspi Teacher II CLAUDEL JEROME C. SANTIAGO Teacher II Checked by: PATRIA P. ROBLES, PhD Assistant School Principal II Noted: MELBA JOY B. TALENS School Principal II Page 8 of 8 Downloaded by Siyensaya by Teacher Phoebe ([email protected])