Laboratory Techniques: Week 5-6 PDF

Laboratory Techniques: Week 5-6 by Jessie Ruiz Measuring Mass Triple Beam Balance Digital Weighing Scale The classic method for measuring mass with precision, A modern tool for measuring mass with digital display using a pan, three sliding beams, and a scale....

Laboratory Techniques: Week 5-6 by Jessie Ruiz Measuring Mass Triple Beam Balance Digital Weighing Scale The classic method for measuring mass with precision, A modern tool for measuring mass with digital display using a pan, three sliding beams, and a scale. It's and automatic calibration, making it efficient and manual and requires careful calibration for accuracy. accurate for most lab applications. Measuring Volume Graduated Cylinder A primary tool for precise liquid volume measurement. Its markings help determine the volume of a substance accurately. Measuring Technique The bottom of the meniscus, the curve of the liquid surface, should align with the measurement mark for accurate reading. Evaporation Techniques Heating Vacuum Applying heat to a solution Reducing pressure above increases the rate of the liquid lowers its boiling evaporation, speeding up point, accelerating the process. evaporation. This is ideal for heat-sensitive substances. Rotation Rotating the solution increases surface area, promoting faster evaporation. Grinding Methods Purpose 1 To reduce particle size for greater surface area and easier reaction. Mortar and Pestle 2 Manual method for small-scale grinding, often used for herbs and spices. Grinder 3 Electric or manual machine for larger quantities, offering faster and more consistent results. Ball Mill 4 Specialized tool for grinding hard materials, using rotating balls to crush samples effectively. Drying Samples 1 Purpose Remove moisture for analysis, storage, or further processing. 2 Air Drying Exposing samples to ambient air for natural evaporation, best for non-heat-sensitive substances. 3 Oven Drying Using controlled heat in an oven to accelerate evaporation. Temperatures and times vary based on the sample. 4 Vacuum Drying Reducing pressure while applying gentle heat for drying heat- sensitive samples efficiently. Filtration Techniques Purpose Gravity Filtration Separate solids from Using gravity to pull the liquids using a filter liquid through a filter, medium to retain solids. suitable for simple separation. Vacuum Filtration Using a vacuum to accelerate filtration, ideal for faster separation and removing fine particles. pH Measurement 1 2 pH pH Meter Measures the acidity or alkalinity Modern instrument for precise of a solution. pH measurements, using a probe to detect the H+ ion concentration. 3 Calibration Essential to ensure accuracy by using known pH buffer solutions.