Lab 2 Study Guide PDF

ATI = Fundamentals of Nursing Friday, March 24, 2023 Lab 2 Study Guide Roles of Healthcare Providers and Nurses (ATI pg 277) - Providers Obtain Pt’s medical hx & performing physical exam...

ATI = Fundamentals of Nursing Friday, March 24, 2023 Lab 2 Study Guide Roles of Healthcare Providers and Nurses (ATI pg 277) - Providers Obtain Pt’s medical hx & performing physical exam Diagnosing Prescribing meds & monitoring pt response to therapy Modify med prescriptions as necessary - Nurses Have knowledge of federal, state, local laws Prep and administer meds, and evaluating Pt’s response to meds Develop & maintain an up-to-date knowledge base of meds administered Maintain knowledge of acceptable practice and skills competency Determine accuracy of of med prescriptions Report all med errors Safeguard and store meds Pharmacokinetics (ATI pg 269) - How a med travels through the body. Consists of 4 phases: Absorption: the transmission of meds from location of administration to the bloodstream Distribution: transport of meds to the sites of action by bodily uids Metabolism (biotransformation): changes meds into less active forms or inactive forms by the action of enzymes 1 This study source was downloaded by 100000772335649 from CourseHero.com on 10-06-2024 15:09:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/197403457/Lab-Exam-2-study-guidepdf/ fl  - Occurs primarily in liver, but can also happen in kidneys, lungs, intestines, blood Excretion: elimination of meds from the body, primarily through kidneys Abbreviations (Theory 1— Documentation-Communication part C worksheets in BB) - Common abbreviations to interpret med orders ac, a.c. — before a meal; b.i.d.; bid — twice a day SC, sc, s.c. — subcutaneous; IM intramuscular q.h. — every hour; q.[x]h. — every [x] hours PO, p.o. — orally; NPO, n.p.o — nothing by mouth p.r. — through the rectum; p.v. — through the vagina PCA — patient-controlled analgesia More in Table 2-3, pg 129 in Pearson - ISMP Error Prone Abbreviations cc (cubic centimeter), ml (milliliter; should be mL), u or U (units) AD, AS, AU (right ear, left ear, each ear); IN (intranasal) SC, SQ, sq, sub q (subcutaneous); IJ (injection) - Joint Commission “Do Not Use” list U, u (unit); IU (international unit) Q.D., QD, q.d., qd (daily); Q.O.D., QOD, q.o.d., qod (every other night) MS (morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate); MSO4 and MgSO4 Trailing zero & lack of a leading zero right before the decimal Understanding Orders (Med Admin part 1 PP, slides 11& 12) - A complete order must include: Client’s full name, date of birth, MRN Date and time the order was written 2 This study source was downloaded by 100000772335649 from CourseHero.com on 10-06-2024 15:09:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/197403457/Lab-Exam-2-study-guidepdf/  Drug name & drug dosage Route & frequency of administration Provider’s & nurse’s signature - Types of orders: Routine med order — carried out until provider cancels the order One-time (single) order — once the drug has been given you can’t give it again w/o a new order STAT (immediate) order — one-time orders that must be given immediately PRN order — “as needed”; order that speci es certain conditions that must be met before order can be carried out by the nurse Medication Administration Safety - The 6 Rights of Medication Administration (Med Admin part 1 PP, slide 22; ATI pg 279, Pearson pg 127) Right client — verify Pt’s identity w/ 2 appropriate identi ers (name, DOB) Right medication Right dose — check expiration date; know action, side e ects, Pt allergies, and dose, calculate dosage if necessary (like for insulin), measure correctly and in appropriate tool, have another nurse double-check High Alert meds, know if dose is safe for Pt Right time — administer time-sensitive meds (like antibiotics) within 30 minutes of prescribed time; others within one hour Right route — if change in route in needed, request new orders from provider Right documentation — document name of drug, dose & route, time administered, Pt’s response to the med Additional rights include: right client education, right to refuse, right assessment, right evaluation - MMS SON Three Checks (Med Admin part 1 PP, slide 23) 3 This study source was downloaded by 100000772335649 from CourseHero.com on 10-06-2024 15:09:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/197403457/Lab-Exam-2-study-guidepdf/ fi fiff  The 6 rights should be checked 3 times: when removing med, when preparing med, in room w/ client - Preventing med errors A med error is any preventable event that may lead to, or cause, inappropriate med use or Pt harm while the med is in the control of the healthcare professional, Pt, or consumer Common med errors include …. (ATI pg 280; Pearson pg 129) - Wrong medication / IV uid, or incorrect dose / infusion rate - Wrong client, route, or time - Administering a med to patient that they are allergic to - Omission of dose, or extra dose - Incorrect discontinuation of a med - Inaccurate prescribing - Incomplete orders or verbal orders - Unapproved abbreviations or illegible handwriting Prevent med errors by … (Med Admin part 2 PP, slide 41; Pearson pg 128) - Using the 6 rights & follow policy and protocol - Don’t get distracted - Use available technology correctly - Clearly label all prepared medication containers - Don’t leave meds at Pt’s bedside unless there is a speci c order to do so - Medication reconciliation - Provide complete instructions for take-home meds - If an error occurs, report error and monitor Pt for adverse e ects - Resources to use when researching meds (ATI pg 280; Med Admin part 1 PP, slide 20): Drug cards, pharmacist, pharmacology textbook (like Davis Drug Guide), professional websites 4 This study source was downloaded by 100000772335649 from CourseHero.com on 10-06-2024 15:09:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/197403457/Lab-Exam-2-study-guidepdf/ fl fi ff  Client Education & Teaching Strategies (Med Admin part 2 PP, slides 50-52) - Make sure client knows how to take their meds before going home Make sure Pt can answer the 5 Ws and How - Why to take it, when to take it, where to give it, what is the dose, who the medication is for, how to take it Make sure Pt understands not to skip doses, not to share meds, and to check expiration date on meds before taking them Provide printed material that is appropriate for Pt’s reading level Use teach-back to see if Pt is administering meds correctly Educate Pt about OTC meds, too - If Pt refuses meds, explore why Cost: nd out if generic version of drug is available, refer Pt to assistance programs and government programs Transportation: some pharmacies will deliver some meds Lifespan Considerations (Med Admin part 2 PP, slides 53-58) - Medications may a ect Pts di erently depending on their age Infants and children - Immaturity of organs results in unique pharmacokinetics Drug maturity and excretion impaired due to liver and kidney immaturity Stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria Skin is thinner; body temp less well regulated, making dehydration easier Lungs have weaker mucous membranes - Dose calculation based on weight - Some meds contraindicated during growth and development - Higher risk for toxicity from minor med errors - Children 3x more likely to experience med error 5 This study source was downloaded by 100000772335649 from CourseHero.com on 10-06-2024 15:09:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/197403457/Lab-Exam-2-study-guidepdf/ fi ff ff  Pregnant women - Most detrimental damage to fetus from meds occurs in 1st trimester - Teratogen drugs can cause birth defects - Check if med has contraindications or precautions for pregnant women Older adults - Organ function declines May only need 1/2 to 2/3rds of regular adult dose Some drugs more likely to cause problems than others, and many are fall-risk drugs - Polypharmacy Elderly often taking multiple drugs to treat one or more conditions As number of meds increases, so does risk for interactions and adverse e ects 6 This study source was downloaded by 100000772335649 from CourseHero.com on 10-06-2024 15:09:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/197403457/Lab-Exam-2-study-guidepdf/ ff Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)