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# Topics of Geography **Physical Phenomenon:** These are changes in which substances do not transform into others, as their internal structure is not altered. It is an event or occurrence of short duration, lasting from seconds to minutes, hours, or days. **Physical Fact:** These occur without the...

# Topics of Geography **Physical Phenomenon:** These are changes in which substances do not transform into others, as their internal structure is not altered. It is an event or occurrence of short duration, lasting from seconds to minutes, hours, or days. **Physical Fact:** These occur without the intervention of any living being, as they are solely related to nature. It is an event or occurrence of long duration, lasting from thousands to millions of years. # Branches of Geography **Physical Geography:** Physical geography studies physical phenomena and events in which humans do not intervene, and it is divided into: 1. Geology 2. Geophysics 3. Geochemistry 4. Hydrology 5. Meteorology **Geology:** Studies the structure, composition, and changes that the Earth has undergone over time. It is based on rocks and supported by sciences such as: 1. **Mineralogy:** Minerals 2. **Petrography:** Rocks 3. **Stratigraphy:** Strata (layers) 4. **Paleontology:** Fossils (are remains, imprints, traces, or any evidence of an organism that lived in other geological times. The minimum age of a fossil is 10,000 years). **Geological Time:** The time that has elapsed since the origin of the Earth until the present. The Earth has existed for 4,600 billion years.