Appreciation and Applications of HARDSCAPE ELEMENTS PDF

Appreciation and Applications of HARDSCAPE ELEMENTS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlina Mansor Department of Landscape Architecture KAED IIUM 1 The basic of structural integration in Landscape Design of softscape, hardscape with...

Appreciation and Applications of HARDSCAPE ELEMENTS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlina Mansor Department of Landscape Architecture KAED IIUM 1 The basic of structural integration in Landscape Design of softscape, hardscape with building form is to create spaces, sequence and furnishing of the space. 2 http://www.killcrestservices.co.uk/  HARD LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS (HARDSCAPE) The man-made materials other than plant material used in landscape architectural design. It can be the base plane (floor), spatial edge (walls) and sometimes the overhead plane of an outdoor space. 3  CATEGORIES OF HARDSCAPE (based on functions) 2.Separating/enclosing 5. Focal element element 4. Site furnishing 3.Linkages 1.Surface materials https://www.landart.com.my/landscape/alila2.php 4  https://www.sasaki.com/projects/wuhu-urban-renewal/ FUNCTIONS OF HARD LANDSCAPE 1.To fulfill the functions & enhancing the 3. To provide complimentary effect and to landscape. enhance the aesthetic of soft landscape. 4. Provide a safe, hard wearing low- 2.To cater the needs of users which could maintenance surface for vehicles, not be accommodated by soft landscape pedestrians. elements. 5. To indicate and define spaces and routes. 5  1. SURFACE MATERIALS/SPECIAL SURFACE - (PAVEMENT) Surface material is any hard natural or artificial material consciously placed on the ground plane & wall of structures in an outdoor space to establish a durable surface while satisfying design objectives. Paving/pavement/pedestrian walkway using materials e.g. gravel, cobbles, tarmac, paving units, pebbles, wood decking, stone, tile, concrete, asphalt). https://www.sasaki.com/projects/rino-streetscape-designs/ 6 1. PAVEMENT /SURFACE MATERIALS 1. Accommodate intense use without immediate deterioration - Withstand wear and tear - Accommodate wheeled vehicles. 2. Indicate direction – indicate rhythm & movement by using suitable by providing a safe, hard wearing low- maintenance surface for vehicles, pedestrians. 3. Indicate uses on the ground plane Identify differences between movement, rest, sitting, gathering and local area using colour, texture or materials. 4. Serves as a setting A neutral setting to other more visually prominent elements. A blank table top/empty sheet where other notable element acts as focal point (e.g. sculpture, bench, displays) 5. Establish spatial character different pavement materials can create and reinforce diverse spatial feelings and scale – e.g. as refined, rugged, quiet, aggressive, urban or rural. E.g brick gives warm feeling, angled flagstone provides irregular, informal atmosphere, concrete gives cold, impersonal sensation. 7 1. PAVEMENT /SURFACE MATERIALS 6. Provide visual interest – as people walk through a space, their attention naturally gravitates downward toward the ground plane. - Visual quality of pavement determine the fascination with the design – an eye appeal, a sense of place. 7.To differentiate access – vehicles and pedestrian, by using different surface finishes. 8. Hazard indicator – at junctions or meeting points of pedestrians and vehicles. Different material or levels can be adopted 9. Indicate ownership - differentiation to indicate area ownerships 8 1. PAVEMENT /SURFACE MATERIALS Indicate direction - suggest rate and rhythm of movement – the wider the pavement, the more casual the rate of walking. - As the width of pavement narrows, a person is forced to continue to move ahead with little opportunity to stop. 9 1. PAVEMENT /SURFACE MATERIALS Serves as a setting - Create repose and rest - A stationary experience when a person stop at point/node - – a focal point for temporary stopping point/pause 10 1. PAVEMENT /SURFACE MATERIALS Establish spatial character - Influence scale – the texture of pavement material, the size of individual paving blocks, the size and spacing of paving patterns affect perceived scape of a paved area. 11 1. PAVEMENT /SURFACE MATERIALS Establish spatial character - Provide unity – acting as a common materials to which all the elements and space of the design relate. - As a unifier. 12 2. SEPARATING & ENCLOSING ELEMENTS Hard, architectural vertical planes in the landscape with a number of utilitarian/physical and visual functions. ▪ Affects the physical & psychological aspects in controlling the movement of people, vehicles and animals. ▪ Indirectly, physical barrier functions as climate, sound and pollution control. 13  2. SEPARATING & ENCLOSING ELEMENTS -CATEGORIES a. Fence b. Wall/retaining structure c. Safety railing d. Bollard Other physical barriers are: ▪ Water barrier – drainage ditch, moat (defensive ditch around castles), stream. ▪ Landform – steep embankment 1:4 gradient 14  2. SEPARATING & ENCLOSING ELEMENTS 1) Space/area division in a vertical plane - depend on height, materials and detailing. - creates a sense of spatial enclosure. 2) Separate functions -separate adjoining uses from each other. E.g. quiet sitting area from noise and confusion of a parking lot next door. 3) Modify climate - Minimise the negative effects of sun and wind. - Cast shade onto building or outdoor space. 4) As sitting elements - Low freestanding wall and useful in a busy urban spaces. 5) Visual elements - As neutral, nonchanging backdrops to other positive highlights in a space, e,g plant material, sculpture. 6) Screen views - To block views or partially screen views in varying degree. - To hinder unpleasant view and odor. 7) Safety, security from intruder 15  3. LINKAGES Linkages or circulation systems are a combination of linear connectors/circulation paths, traffic generators and events along the connectors. They include elements such as entrance, steps, crossings and gateway/archway a) Entrances b) Steps 16 c) Crossings d) gateway/archway 3. LINKAGES ▪To link areas of different levels. Entrance & steps ▪To indicate access. 17  3. LINKAGES Entrance & steps DESIGN/MATERIALS ▪ Height – avoid design that can cause tiredness or discomfort. ▪ Uniform steps. ▪ Landing should be provided for high staircases, well-thought safety precautions ▪ Design continuation – suitable with paving material 18 3. LINKAGES Crossing,Bridge, Gateway/archway FUNCTIONS ▪ To link access from one place to another. ▪ To avoid dangerous or disturbing element. ▪ To provide aesthetic value to landscape design. PRINCIPLES ▪ Easy to use and safe DESIGN ▪ Easily seen and built Variety of design that consider safety and ▪ Located at suitable areas or comfort as important factors. height, not vulnerable to damages MATERIALS Durable, weatherproof or vandal proof.19 4. SITE FURNISHING Site furnishings are landscape furniture and fittings/fixtures that are added to spaces, to enhance and make the spaces complete. E.g. street furniture (seating), lighting fixture, signage, dustbin, shelters, planter box/pot. Site furnishings and the architecture of space can foster better social landscapes. Site furnishings make spaces more comfortable for users. When planned properly, they create dynamic spaces that enhance social engagement. Where site furnishings are used? Outdoor site furnishings, create spaces to Streets sit and dwell. For example, seating and Plazas tables create identifiable places to gather, Parks spend time, and socialize. Furnishings also establish order. Trash bins and cigarette Courtyards urns encourage clean and tidy University campuses environments for better enjoyment. Bike Trails amenities prevent clutter from impromptu Retail centers parking against trees, signs, and fences. Lighting and signage establish better Health care facilities visibility and clear navigation. Civic spaces 20 4. SITE FURNISHING a) Seating d) Dustbin e) Planter box/pot b) Signage 21 c) Lighting  4. SITE FURNISHING a) SEATING ▪ Area with good views Taking advantage of places/spaces and orientations that could have good and pleasant views towards scenic areas or significant features. Can be utilized as a relaxing area, viewing the surrounding and be in serene place. ▪ Under shaded area could be accommodated under big trees (large canopy/foliage), near covered buildings, next to a wall, or plants, which are sheltered from sunlight and give thermal comfort to users. As a place for resting, relaxing and doing passive activities such as observing others and reading. ▪ Easy access to pedestrian route Can be placed at an interval at a linear route to become a node for people to stop by. A place as a stop point to take a break and resting from journey. ▪ Breezy areas, not obstructed by other landscape elements. ▪ Near the children playground - easy supervision by 22 parents/family 4. SITE FURNISHING a) SEATING FUNCTIONS ▪ Provide highlight – seating could attract, as well as highlight some garden design ▪ Relaxing point – used for relaxing viewing the surrounding, reading books etc. ▪ Design continuation – seating design based on the garden design concept: form and materials 23 4. SITE FURNISHING a) SEATING DESIGN ▪ Length of use. ▪ Maintenance –materials used should be easily cleaned or painted ▪ Avoid intricate corners & spaces. ▪ Durable materials. ▪ Scale able to accommodate load as well as relate to the surrounding landscape scale. ▪ Context – materials chosen: modern or traditional, to be used in the urban or countryside. 24 4. SITE FURNISHING a) SEATING Parking spaces transformed into a public seating area in Vancouver. Parklet is a succulent meeting spot 25 4. SITE FURNISHING b) SIGNAGE DESIGN o Standardised design, colour, lettering. o Location of each signage. o Suitable size to convey information. o Signage should not obstruct aesthetic o of other elements. TYPES OF INFORMATION o Informative, preventive/prohibit, warning MATERIALS DEPENDS ON o Cost, design, durability, maintenance https://www.google.com/ 26 4. SITE FURNISHING c) LIGHTING FUNCTIONS o To illuminate dark and insecure areas. o To provide suitable mood for occasions. o To illuminate and enhance a focal element or dangerous objects. TYPES o Roads and highways illumination/Lighting. o Amenity lighting for pedestrians. o Decoration DESIGN/MATERIALS o Uniformity - variety but important factors are safety and comfort o Material - durable material, weatherproof or vandal proof o Maintenance - alternative route for pedestrian users 27 during maintenance to avoid mischief 4. SITE FURNISHING c) LIGHTING ▪ Roads and highways illumination/Lighting. ▪ Amenity lighting for pedestrians. ▪ Amenity lighting for pedestrians. ▪ Decoration 28 4. SITE FURNISHING d) DUSTBIN FUNCTION: MATERIALS o Easy access for garbage o Galvanized sheet disposal and collection metal, aluminium, timber, fibre glass, TYPES concrete o Wall mounted, free standing, removable, big sized where LOCATION population is high o Near pedestrian access, with other DESIGN/MATERIAL facilities such as o Placement and location toilets and recreation o Method of collection or area, where people maintenance gathers, picnic or o Relationship to the surrounding relax, not too close to landscape elements each other to avoid o Capacity bad odour or flies or bad view of overflow garbage. 29 4. SITE FURNISHING e) PLANTER BOX/FLOWER POT DESIGN/MATERIALS: o Water drainage – drainage holes. o Size/scale – for aesthetic purposes or determined by the surrounding, depend on plant used. o Cost – expensive, should be suitable with landscape maintenance and design. o Material – easily available, vandal proof, suitable with other landscape elements. o Construction – durable with aesthetic value, easily constructed. o Moisture contain – able to contain enough water or moisture. 30  4. SITE FURNISHING e) PLANTER BOX/FLOWER POT PLACEMENT FUNCTIONS o Lighting – suitable area where o Planting location where unsuitable soil for plants lighting requirement met planting; urban areas with hardscape elements o Noisy or hazy areas – able to o Subdivision – subdivide spaces into different absorb noise, purify air or bad areas odour o Direction indication – can be arranged to show o Pedestrian access – avoid from direction or access making pedestrian route narrow o Scale – provide scale of surrounding landscape 31  5. FOCAL ELEMENT Other hardscape element in the form of structures and becomes focal elements, e.g. sculpture, fountain. As an attraction and conform to the design theme/concept of the place. A shelter can also be a focal element for relaxing and gathering, as viewing place and as an attraction. a) Shelters c) Water elements/feature b) Sculpture 32 5. FOCAL ELEMENT – a) shelter/kiosk FUNCTION ▪ For relaxing and gathering ▪ Viewing place ▪ As an attraction ▪ As a node, focal point LOCATION ▪ Good and pleasant view ▪ As a focal point ▪ Where an area could secure (shelter) DESIGN Gazebo in KLCC park ▪ Architecture/ Image ▪ Relates to existing landscape or building design ▪ Relates to national identity or situation ▪ Materials - easily available and construct o Weather proof 33 5. FOCAL ELEMENT – a) shelter 34 Shelter in Bukit Bintang 5. FOCAL ELEMENT – a) kiosk 35 5. FOCAL ELEMENT – b) sculpture/carving FUNCTIONS ▪ As an attraction ▪ To indicate owner’s wealth ▪ Conform the design theme/concept DESIGN ▪ Avoid using symbols or forms that offend the owner (culture/religion). ▪ Expensive; should be placed at safe and strategic place. ▪ Relates to the scale of park, garden. 36 5. FOCAL ELEMENT – b) sculpture/carving DESIGN/MATERIAL o Theme/concept – relates to park (modern, abstract, classic or traditional) o Construction – durable material and frame aesthetic value maintain o Common material: concrete, aluminium, fiber glass, timber, glass, Perspex 37 5. FOCAL ELEMENT – c) Water element/feature Details on the water element in Lecture 10 38 Thank you 39