L5-Appreciation-Application Softscape Elements PDF
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Uploaded by AdaptiveFlugelhorn6370
International Islamic University Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlina Mansor
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This document discusses the appreciation and application of softscape elements in landscape architecture, focusing on plant materials, including trees, palms, shrubs, groundcovers, and their roles in ecological, aesthetic, and functional aspects of design. It also examines the importance of softscape from an Islamic perspective.
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APPRECIATION & APPLICATION OF SOFT LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS 1 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlina Mansor Department of Landscape Architecture SPATIAL MATERIALS in LANDSCAPE DESIGN A composition of ground plane, wall plane, & occasionally the sky plane...
APPRECIATION & APPLICATION OF SOFT LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS 1 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlina Mansor Department of Landscape Architecture SPATIAL MATERIALS in LANDSCAPE DESIGN A composition of ground plane, wall plane, & occasionally the sky plane using the spatial materials to define outdoor spaces. 2 5. Structure 1. Landform 3. Water element 2. Softscape 4. Hardscape Image from: https://www.sasaki.com/projects/lakeview-village DEFINITION OF SOFT LANDSCAPE ELEMENT/ PLANT MATERIALS o Soft landscape is all plant materials used in landscape architectural design (natural to their habitat or introduced to the site). 3 APPRECIATION OF SOFT LANDSCAPE Importance of Softscape in Islam Islam encourages its followers to plant, maintain and conserve plants because its importance to mankind is undeniable. IT IS A REWARDING ACT It was reported by al-Bukhari that the Prophet (s.a.w) said: “ There is no one among the Muslims who planted a tree or bred a seed and later on their fruits were eaten by birds, men and animal, except one ” will rewarded with sadaqah reward Al-Bukhari,Sahih al-Bukhari tr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, 983, 3:66 APPRECIATION OF SOFT LANDSCAPE Importance of Softscape in Islam Islam encourages people to take care of plants from any damage or death and prohibited cutting or destruction of trees or plants without any meaningful reason. NO DESTRUCTION Abu Bakar, the first caliph of Islam reminded his armies who were sent to Syria that, “Do not destroy and burn the dates trees and do not cut the farm trees off”. (Malik b. Anas, al-Munawatta, n.p: 1979 no.834, p.295) NATURAL TO THEIR HABITAT e.g. Rainforest Emergent layer - 38m Canopy layer - 29m Understorey layer-17m Undergrowth - 5m 6 www.emaze.com 1. Native/indigenous plants (natural) Grow naturally on site or historically is the character of the region 2. Naturalized plants (introduced) Introduced accidentally or intended so they accommodate themselves to the growing condition and become part of the scene 3. Exotic plants Foreign to the natural site and locality. ROLES OF PLANTS IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ECOLOGICAL AESTHETIC FUNCTIONAL Importance of PLANT MATERIALS For the survival of the environment. Ecosystem services to the environment. How do plants (esp. native trees and vegetation) provide ecosystem services? Importance of PLANT MATERIALS Ecosystem service of plant materials: Supporting services - form soil and cycle nutrients, provide the fundamental basis for all life on earth. Provisioning services - the food we eat, fresh water, fuel, fiber and medicines we collect from natural and managed ecosystems. Regulating services – control floods, diseases, pests and the climate moderation, provide for water purification and pollination. Cultural services – appreciation of its beauty of the outdoors through recreation, education and spiritual uses THE APPLICATIONS OF SOFT LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN DESIGN 11 THE APPLICATION SOFT LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN DESIGN Landscape architects need to preserve existing plants as much as possible on the proposed site. If they were introduced, thorough planning is needed to avoid loss, cost and problems because a single inappropriate plant that has been introduced can alter or destroy visual quality of landscape or disrupt ecological balance of a place. DESIGN USING PLANT MATERIALS Plants that are introduced to the site - naturalised. In design, a well conceived plantings can do much to transform dull, barren site into a more comfortable, useful and pleasant space. 13 1)Trees TYPES OF PLANT MATERIALS 2)Palm 3)Shrubs 4)Groundcover 6)Creeper/ 8)Turf/grass climber 7)Aquatic plant 5) Bamboo TYPES OF PLANTS 1) Trees 2) Palm 3) Shrubs 4) Groundcover 5) Bamboo 6) Creeper/climber 7) Aquatic plant 8) Turf/grass 1. TREES General category of species of tree: ▪ Flowering plants species (and fragrant) ▪ Fruit plants species (edible/fruit-bearing) ▪ Flower and fruit plants species 16 FLOWERING TREES Lagerstroemia floribunda Bungor Cassia fistula Golden Shower FRAGRANT TREES 18 Michelia champaka Cempaka Cananga odorata Kenanga TREE FORM/SHAPE 3) Tree form and size– there is an ample scope for selecting species to be used in different situations/ purposes: ▪ Categorising trees by its form makes it easier for designers to design a functional and conducive landscape design. ▪ Tree form is a major determining factor to space articulation especially in small urban settings such as pocket parks, entrance 19 plazas/squares, children playgrounds and private gardens. Various tree form can create formality to a space e.g. columnar, round, pyramidal and fastigiated shapes of tree. round columnar spreading pyramidal fastigiated weeping picturesque 20 21 22 ROUND Filicium decipiens Kiara payung COLUMNAR Polyantha longifolia 23 Asoka chhajedgarden.com SPREADING Delonix regia Flame of the Forest 24 25 PYRAMIDAL Pinus caribea Pine 26 FASTIGIATED Fragrea fragrans Tembusu 27 WEEPING Salix babylonica Weeping willow PICTURESQUE Plumeria rubra Red Frangipani PALM Archontophoeni Cocos nucifera Raphis x alexandrae Coconut humilis Alexander Palm Cyrtostachys lakka - Red Palm 2. PALMS a. SOLITARY TRUNK Archontophoenix alexandrae 30 Cocos nucifera Coconut Alexander Palm 31 Cocos nucifera in IIUM b. MULTI-TRUNK Ptycosperma macarthurii - Macarthur Palm 32 Cyrtostachys lakka - Red Palm 33 Cyrtostachys lakka - Red Palm in IIUM c. FAN PALM 34 Ravenala madagascarensis Fan palm D. SMALL PALMS Licuala Grandis 35 Raphis humilis 3. SHRUBS [ SHRUBS-flowering ] Ixora hybrid Bougainvillea Elizabeth Angus Lantana camara Hibiscus pink [ SHRUBS-coloured leaf ] Coleus Pisonia alba Diffenbachia 38 Ixora javanica (Siantan) shrubs along IIUM sidewalk 4. GROUNDCOVER e.g. Moss Rose (Portulaca) Sweet woodruff Periwinkle (Vinca minor) Arachis pintoi Arachis pintoi 39 5. BAMBOOS Bambusa multiplex Bamboo Bambusa vulgaris Bamboo 40 6. CLIMBERS 7. AQUATIC PLANT Bauhinia kochinea Nelumbo nucifera Pink Lotus 8. TURF/GRASS 41 Axonopus compressus Cowgrass PLANTS SELECTION IN LA DESIGN 1. ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES – structural characteristics. 2. AESTHETIC FUNCTION – scenic/visual values 1. ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS - ENGINEERING/CLIMATIC CONTROL PLANTS SELECTION IN LA DESIGN Aesthetic and Functional considerations Planting design styles – formal vs informal, mixed border, naturalistic plantings. Its composition of trees, shrubs, groundcovers, climbers, etc. PLANTS SELECTION IN LA DESIGN Ecological considerations: native vs exotic, biodiversity, and the impact of plants on local ecosystem. Pollinator-friendly landscape. Wildlife habitat design. Edible landscaping. Site specific selection choosing plants based on soil types, climate, moisture and sunlight. ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES a. Plant’s form/shape creates visual effect Plant’s shape produces characteristics that will determine how they can be used, and for which purpose that it will be most suitable. Columnar 45 trees may give Picturesque tree with prominent branches a sense of formality to create a sculptural effect TREE Form and size create visual effect Columnar- polyantha longifolia Asoka Round - Felicium decipiens Kiara payung Pyramidal- Juniperus chinensis 46 Juniper ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES OF SOFT LANDSCAPE b. Soft landscape elements and its characteristics can create walls, ceiling and floor The primary architectural elements are walls, ceilings or floors, but there are other possibility of plants’ effects as well,. e.g. it is also possible to create windows, arches and tunnels. ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES Plants can create WALLS Screens: give total enclosure and cannot be seen or walked through. Baffles: essentially a light screen that can be partially seen through but does not allow movement. Use as an alternative to a barrier when physical, but not visual separation is required. Trunks: can form a symbolic wall that defines a space without any physical or visual separation. Fences: 48 combination with climbing plants, creates an effective screen ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES Plants can create WALLS through: Screening: give total enclosure and cannot be seen or walked through. – mass/row of trees as buffer to screen noise, foul smell and undesirable views. 49 ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES Plants create WALLS through: Trunks - can form a symbolic wall that defines a space without any physical or visual separation. 50 ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES Plants create CEILING by using: Canopies: which allows movement beneath them. 51 ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES Plants create CEILING by using: Pergolas: combination of plants on a structure. 52 ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES Plants create CEILING Shelter/shade – based on density and form of tree canopy. 53 ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES FLOORS are created by groundcovers. Generally the groundcovers are classified into: 1. True floor to walk on 2. A floor just to look at 54 ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES FLOOR as space clarification/division/unifier – according to different use/motive ▪ They articulate spaces for man to work, play or recreate rest and enjoy. 55 Floor - Space clarification/division “Plants can define a space in a design.” 56 ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES c. Plants’ characteristics that can determine their uses Density : the opacity or Volume : the space transparency of the plant; occupied and created by the depend upon the number, plant, or the area that is size, shape, colour and associated with it. movement of the foliage. 57 ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTIONAL USES 3. Plant characteristics that can determine their uses Height : the overall height and the height of the canopy. Width : the width and spread of the canopy will determine whether a single plant can achieve the intended purpose or if more than one are needed. 58 AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS OF SOFT LANDSCAPE Another functions of plants are decorative. Form, colour and texture are important in determining aesthetic value, but other qualities should not be ignored. Qualities to be considered: accent and contrast silhouettes and reflection smell softening effect unifying effect Plants species create theme, colour, texture General category of species of tree: Fruit plants species (edible/fruit-bearing) Flowering plants species (and fragrant) Flower and fruit plants species 60 AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS Soft landscape can frame a view 61 AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS Soft landscape can frame a view 62 AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS Soft landscape can frame a view 63 2. AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS Soft landscape can frame a view It provides aesthetic function because a composition of various plant materials create framing of a view 64 AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS As Focal Point – Can become a landmark to a space e.g. an entrance to a park that can attract users.. 65 AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS Framing scenic views – visual satisfaction. 66 AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS Soften building’s outlines – hide sharp edges with their canopy; add interest/colour/texture to building 67 AESTHETIC USES OF PLANTS’ COLOUR & FRAGRANT ▪ Colours to beautify space ▪ To create ‘themes’ ▪ Colour therapy ▪ Fragrant to give sense of smell to spaces ▪ Aromatherapy ▪ Buffer odours 68 ARCHITECTURAL & AESTHETIC USES OF PALMS Formality Enhance building façade Livistonia chinensis Serdang Palm Sense of direction Identity to square or plaza Give ‘tropical’ image Sense of welcoming 69 Rhapis excelsa Centerpiece or Focal Point Lady’s finger palm ECOLOGICAL/CLIMATIC USES OF SOFT LANDSCAPE Reduce solar radiation – moderate it, filter, reflect and scatter it.Temperature control – reduce temperature by shade; foliage absorbs excessive radiation ECOLOGICAL/CLIMATIC USES OF SOFT LANDSCAPE Wind shelter – reduce turbulence in areas with tall/high-rise buildings. EXAMPLES OF SOFT LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN DESIGN LANDSCAPE PLAN A 73 COMMUNITY GARDEN 74 PLANTING PLAN OF A COMMUNITY GARDEN SOFT LANDSCAPE PLAN 75 OF A COMMUNITY GARDEN PLANTING PLAN OF A COMMUNITY GARDEN 77 SECTIONAL ELEVATIONS SHOWING SOFT LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS DETAIL SECTION ACROSS SOFT AND HARDSCAPE ELEMENTS 78