L4 Vessels & Nerves PDF

Neck anatomy mohammed hashim Cervical Vessels With Dr.Mohammed Hashim Ascending aorta Arch of aorta Descending aorta Brachiocephalic trunk Common carotid a. ♥ Subclavian a. mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim...

Neck anatomy mohammed hashim Cervical Vessels With Dr.Mohammed Hashim Ascending aorta Arch of aorta Descending aorta Brachiocephalic trunk Common carotid a. ♥ Subclavian a. mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim  Common carotid artery The right and the left common carotid arteries enter the neck behind their respective sternoclavicular joints the right begins at the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk while the left is a direct branch of the aortic arch. mohammed hashim  Common carotid artery The common carotid ends at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx by dividing into its external and internal carotid branches mohammed hashim  Common carotid artery The artery is dilated at the point of division to form the carotid sinus; the carotid body is located just posterior to the point of division. mohammed hashim  Common carotid artery The transverse processes end laterally in two projections (anterior and posterior tubercles). The anterior tubercles of C6 are called carotid tubercles. The common carotid artery pulse can be felt by pressing against the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of C6 vertebra mohammed hashim mohammed hashim  Posterior meningeal Oc ci Ascending pharyngeal pit al a Superior thyroid artery r ter y ry te ar ry illa ax M External carotid artery Su pe rfic ial tem Po op ste ral Lin rio Neck of mandible art ery ra gu ur al icu art lar ery Fa cia l art ery Stylomastiod  Travel in the carotid sheath with vagus nerve Internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Befor hyoglossal muscle Suprahyoid branch Lingual artery Behind hyoglossal muscle Dorsal lingual branch Sublingual branch After hyoglossal muscle Deep lingual branch Ascending palatine artery At the level of superior border of thyroid cartilage will gives Tonsilar artery Cervical branches Submental artery Arch of aorta Commen carotid artery Glandular branches Facial artery Inferior labial artery Superior labial artery Facial branches Lateral nasal branch Angular artery Sternocleidomastoid artery Descending branch Auricular branches Occipital artery Occipital branches External carotid artery Mastoid branch Meningeal branch Stylomastoid artery Posterior tympanic branch Posterior auricular artery Auricular branch Occipital branch Parotid branch Parotid branch Transverse facial artery Superficial temporal artery Zygomaticorbital branch Middle temporal branches Anterior tympanic artery Deep auricular artery Mandibular part Inferior alveolar artery Middle meningeal artery Accessory meningeal artery Masseteric artery Pterygoid artery Maxillary Mastication part Deep temporal artery Buccinator artery Infra orbital artery Posterior superior alveolar artery Middle superior alveolar artery Pterygopalatine part Anterior superior alveolar artery Artery to pterygoid canal Pharyngeal arter Sphenopalatine artery Descending palatine artery mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim  Subclavian artery It arises from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and directly from the aortic arch on the left. The arteries arch over the supra pleural membranes covering the domes of the pleura. mohammed hashim  Subclavian artery Several important neurovascular structures are related to the subclavian arteries as they pass bet ween the thorax and neck. ✔ The vagus nerve crosses in front of the artery on both sides; ✔ on the left side, the phrenic ner ve also lies close to the artery. ✔ The sympathetic trunk is located behind the artery. ✔ The subclavian vein lies in front of the artery. mohammed hashim phrenic nerve C3,C4,C5 mohammed hashim mohammed hashim  Cardiac innervation 3 Trachea Right common carotid artery Left common carotid artery Right sympathetic trunk Left sympathetic trunk Left vagus nerve Right vagus nerve Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Right recurrent laryngeal nerve Right subclavian artery Left subclavian artery Right recurrent laryngeal nerve Thoracic cardiac branch of vagus nerve Third thoracic sympathetic ganglion Brachiocephalic trunk Thoracic (sympathetic) cardiac branches Thoracic (sympathetic) cardiac branches Thoracic cardiac branch of vagus nerve Arch of aorta Deep cardiac plexus Superficial cardiac plexus Right superior lobar bronchus Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Ligamentum arteriosum Left pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Left superior lobar bronchus Branches of right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary veins Right pulmonary veins 127 Inferior vena cava Thoracic aorta Esophagus Cardiac plexus and nerves of the heart 107 Venous Drainage With Dr.Mohammed Hashim mohammed hashim  Cervical Veins : Facial vein Superficial temporal vein Maxillary vein Rertromandibular vein External jugular vein Anterior jugular vein Internal jugular vein Subclavian vein mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim  Internal Jugular Vein It begins at the jugular foramen at the base of the skull, descends in the carotid sheath accompanied by the common carotid artery and the vagus nerve. mohammed hashim mohammed hashim  Internal Jugular Vein It ends behind the sternal end of the clavicle by uniting with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. mohammed hashim  Internal Jugular Vein On the left side, the thoracic duct usually opens into the junction between the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein mohammed hashim Lymphatic Drainage With Dr.Mohammed Hashim  Lymphatics of the neck Pre-auricular/parotid nodes Facial nodes Occipital nodes Mandibular node Mastoid nodes Submental nodes Subparotid node Superficial cervical nodes Sternocleidomastoid (cut) Posterior lateral cervical nodes Sternocleidomastoid Submandibular nodes External jugular vein Jugulodigastric node Trapezius Internal jugular vein Transverse cervical nodes Deep cervical nodes Omohyoid Jugulo-omohyoid node Lymphatic system in the neck External jugular vein (cut) Subclavicular nodes Anterior superficial cervical nodes Deep cervical nodes 550 mohammed hashim  Internal jugular vein cannulation At the root of the neck, the internal jugular vein lies deep to the triangle formed by the clavicle and the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. mohammed hashim clavicle Sternum clavicular head sternal Head mohammed hashim  Subclavian vein cannulation The subclavian vein may be approached from below or above the clavicle. The right side is preferred. In the infraclavicular approach, the puncture is made below the midpoint of the clavicle and directed towards the suprasternal notch. mohammed hashim  Subclavian vein cannulation In the supraclavicular approach, the puncture is made in the angle between the clavicle and the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; with this procedure, it is possible to cause injury to the dome of the pleura. The commonest complication of subclavian puncture is pneumothorax. mohammed hashim Cervical Innervation With Dr.Mohammed Hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim  Sympathetic innervation The sympathetic innervation is by way of the cervical sympathetic trunks that pass vertically upwards to the base of the skull lying on the prevertebral fascia and muscles lying deep to the carotid sheath. mohammed hashim mohammed hashim Pooost-synaptic mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim  Para-sympathetic innervation The four ganglia and their associated cranial nerves are the: 1. Ciliary ganglion (Oculomotor nerve CIII) 2. Pterygopalatine ganglion (Facial nerve CVII) 3. Submandibular ganglion (Facial nerve CVII) 4. Otic ganglion (Glossopharyngeal nerve CIX) mohammed hashim mohammed hashim mohammed hashim