L1 Slides.pdf

Welcome to Chem 1A! We will get started on “Berkeley time.” In the Lecture meantime, slides can be set up your...

Welcome to Chem 1A! We will get started on “Berkeley time.” In the Lecture meantime, slides can be set up your downloaded Aktiv from here. account here! * laptop needed the first time you access 1  Welcome to Chem 1A! Course Staff Instructors: Drs. Alexis Shusterman & Eric Neuscamman Head GSIs: Connor Filbin & Colby Kayrouz contact: Ed Discussion, [email protected] Course Materials online (free!) textbook Aktiv access calculator Course Components pre-lecture preparation (M/W/F; on bCourses) lecture participation (M/W/F; on Aktiv) homework (due Sun 11:59pm; on Aktiv) discussion sections (weekly; with a quiz) exams (3 midterms + 1 final) 2  Welcome to Chem 1A! Course Staff Instructors: Drs. Alexis Shusterman & Eric Neuscamman Head GSIs: Connor Filbin & Colby Kayrouz contact: Ed Discussion, [email protected] Course Materials online (free!) textbook Aktiv access calculator Course Components pre-lecture preparation on bCourses: lecture participation homework discussion sections Walkthrough Video exams 3  Why Chem 1A? By studying chemistry, you will learn to… Notice patterns that you can extrapolate to new situations Leverage math appropriately to solve real-world problems Understand and use the language of the scientific community to make sound and compelling arguments 4  Succeeding in Chem 1A Learning chemistry is like building muscle. It takes hard work but you will see improvement over time. Do a little bit every day; we do not expect you to do 100 pushups on the first try! SUN MON TUES WED THURS FRI SAT attend attend attend attend discussion lecture lecture lecture prepare section prepare finish – – – for Mon – for Fri problem attempt attempt attempt lecture prepare lecture set relevant relevant relevant for Wed problems problems problems lecture GSI review office hours / SLC 5 What is Chemistry? The study of matter and the changes it undergoes. GOLD MUSCLE JUSTICE (a) (b) (c) WATER LIGHT (d) (e) 6 What is Chemistry? The study of matter and the changes it undergoes. PROPERTIES solid hard shiny squishy GOLD MUSCLE flexible (a) (b) liquid wet soft blue WATER sweet (d) 7 CHEMISTRY 8  HEALTH POWER high school review a little trickier POISON BEAUTY a little trickier totally new stuff 9  Unit 1: How does soap protect us from coronaviruses? HEALTH How small can you go? C12H23O2– 10 Elements: Types of Atoms organized into the Periodic Table 11 Elements: Types of Atoms # of protons appearance solid/liquid/gas non/metal 3 Li lithium 6.94 ratio in which it average mass bonds to other unknown in atoms reactivity 1869! 12 Organizing the Elements no rxn B BCl3 rxn Li big rxn no rxn LiCl Na Al NaCl AlCl3 13 Organizing the Elements rxn Li big rxn LiCl Na no rxn NaCl B BCl3 no rxn Al AlCl3 14 Periodic Trends bonding ratio increases left to right 1:1 1:2 1:3 Li Be B Na Mg Al reactivity increases top K Ca Ga to bottom Rb Sr In 15 Periodic Trends: Bonding Ratio 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:4 1:3 1:2 1:1 1:0 Li Be B CH4 NH3 H 2O HF Ne Na Mg Al SiH4 PH3 H 2S HCl Ar K Ca Ga AsH3 H2Se HBr Kr Rb Sr In SnH4 SbH3 H2Te HI Xe 16 Periodic Trends: Reactivity increases top to bottom (metals); bottom to top (nonmetals) Li Be B CH4 NH3 H 2O HF Ne Na Mg Al SiH4 PH3 H 2S HCl Ar K Ca Ga AsH3 H2Se HBr Kr Rb Sr In SnH4 SbH3 H2Te HI Xe 17 Test Your Understanding What is the most likely bonding ratio between N & H? Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Ga As Se Br Kr Rb Sr In Sn Sb Te I Xe A. NH B. NH2 C. NH3 D. NH4 18 Periodic Trends: Mass increases left to right and top to bottom Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.9 9.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9 K Ca Ga As Se B Kr 39.1 40.1 69.7 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8 In Sn Sb Te I Xe Rb Sr 85.5 87.6 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3 19 Periodic Trends: Radius increases right to left and top to bottom Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.9 9.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9 K Ca Ga As Se B Kr 39.1 40.1 69.7 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8 In Sn Sb Te I Xe Rb Sr 85.5 87.6 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3 20 Periodic Trends: Hardness increases bottom to top (metals) Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.9 9.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9 K Ca Ga As Se B Kr 39.1 40.1 69.7 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8 In Sn Sb Te I Xe Rb Sr 85.5 87.6 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3 21 Test Your Understanding Select the false statement from the list below: Be (a) beryllium bonds in a 2:1 ratio (b) beryllium has the lowest mass in its column Mg (or “group”) (c) beryllium has the smallest radius in its column Ca (d) beryllium is the least reactive in its column Sr (e) beryllium is the softest in its column 22 The Full Periodic Table “main group” transition metals 23 Periodic Trends: Summary Hydrogen 1 Helium 2 H ↑ mass, ↓ radius, He 1.0 ↑↓ bonding ratios 4.0 Lithium 3 Beryllium 4 Boron 5 Carbon 6 Nitrogen 7 Oxygen 8 Fluorine 9 Neon 10 ↑ mass, Li 6.9 Be 9.0 B C N O F Ne ↑ radius, 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2 Magnesium12 Aluminum 13 Silicon 14 Phosphorus15 Sulfur 16 Chlorine 17 Argon 18 Sodium 11 ↓ hardness, Mg Al Si Na P S Cl Ar reactivity: 23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9 depends, Potassium 19 Calcium 20 Gallium 31 Arsenic 33 Selenium 34 Bromine 35 Krypton 36 same bonding K Ca Ga 69.7 As Se Br Kr 39.1 74.9 79.0 79.9 ratios 40.1 83.8 Rubidium 37 Strontium 38 Indium 49 Tin 50 Antimony 51 Tellurium 52 Iodine 53 Xenon 54 Rb Sr In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.5 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 131.3 87.6 126.9 The properties of an element can be predicted from its location on the periodic table. 24 What’s Next? Pre-Lecture Prep 1 AND 2 (due Fri @ 9, 11, or 1pm) on bCourses > Quizzes Start working on HW 1 (due Sun @ 11:59pm) on Aktiv 25