L1 Right Realism PDF

USELESS FACTS Twins are born less frequently in the East of the world than the West Children born in May are on average 200g heavier than babies born in any other month Cheese is the oldest human-made food...

USELESS FACTS Twins are born less frequently in the East of the world than the West Children born in May are on average 200g heavier than babies born in any other month Cheese is the oldest human-made food 1  Formal Progress Point 5 - FPP5 Week beginning 21st Oct FPP5 will be in the week before half –term (your first Sociology lesson of the week). Please make sure you do not miss the lesson (may be a key grade?) Two 10 mark questions on the C& D topic. The first question will be compulsory then you will have a choice for the next question. Will have an item (so use it!) and will need 2 really good PEEEL / PERCY paragraphs per ten-mark answer! Crime and Deviance Realist Criminology  Starter Tasks Working in pairs, think about and answer the following (you could draw your answers?): 1. Imagine you are in a ‘high crime’ area (probably not Chi!). Describe your surroundings. 2. Why or how might the environment you describe encourage crime? 3. Based on your ideas and your knowledge of sociological explanations of the causes of crime, suggest reasons why people who live in this area might be involved in crime? 4. Based on the reasons you suggested, what government policies could be introduced to tackle these causes? Tuesday 22 October 2024 Deviance Chapter 7: Realist Criminology 5  Intent: Understand the difference between realist and other approaches to crime. Know the main features of right and left realist approaches to crime; understand their political context; be aware of the similarities and differences between them. Be able to evaluate the strengths and limitations of right and left realist approaches to crime. VESPA Objective: Organisation, Effort, Attitude  Realism Do Do not not see see crime crime as as aa construction, construction, but but aa real real problem problem to to be be tackled. tackled. Are Are concerned concerned with with rise rise in in crime crime rate, rate, the the widespread widespread fear fear of of crime crime and and propose propose practical practical policies policies toto reduce reduce it. it. Right Right Realism Realism -- Emerged Emerged inin the the 1970s 1970s // 80s 80s in in the the Context Context of of New New Right Right conservative conservative governments governments (Thatcher (Thatcher // Reagan). Reagan). Left Left Realism Realism –– Socialists, Socialists, favouring favouring different different policies policies reducing reducing crime. crime. 7 Outline of Realism Reality of Crime Partially Support Official Criminal Realism Victims Statistics Real Solutions  There are two branches of realism, both of which have Realism Realism separate theories and ideas. Left Realism Right Realism Jock Young - New Criminologist New Right Ideas Criminals – Victim of Murray & Cornish and Clarke Capitalism Three Causes of Crime: Causes of Crime: Bio-Social, Marginalisation, Cultural, Opportunity and Relative Deprivation, Choice Subcultures  Right realism identifies the following Right Realism four causes to influence crime: People choose Muscular to commit Low crime by Intelligent 4. Choice 1. Bio-Social weighing up the Males pros and cons. Causes of Crime Greater 3. Opportunity 2. Cultural - SFP opportunity - Welfare to commit Dependency crime exists - Poor Schools in some areas -Lack of Community  Right Right realists realists are are not not concerned concerned with with Right Realism understanding understanding the the causes causes –– they they focus focus on on practical practical crime crime reduction reduction strategies. strategies. Right Right Realists Realists particularly particularly oppose oppose any any connection connection Sociologists Sociologists have have made made between between crime crime and and poverty. poverty. They They point point out out that that with with increased increased affluence, affluence, crime crime rates rates have have soared. soared. Extending Extending the the Welfare Welfare State, State, lack lack of of discipline discipline inin education education andand decline decline of of the the traditional traditional family family are are seen seen asas key key factors factors behind behind crime crime increase. increase. 11 Causes: Rational Choice Theory Rational Rational Choice Choice Theory Theory was was developed developed by by Clarke Clarke (1980) (1980) and and argues argues criminals criminals will will engage engage in in crime crime ifif the the benefits benefits outweigh outweigh the the costs. costs. The The solution solution is is simple: simple: increase increase the the costs costs of of crime crime (likelihood (likelihood of of being being caught caught and and tougher tougher punishments). punishments). 12 Biological Differences Wilson Wilson and and Herrnstein Herrnstein (1985) (1985) suggest suggest crime crime is is caused caused by by biological biological and and social social factors. factors. Biological Biological differences differences mean mean individuals individuals are are predisposed predisposed to to commit commit crime crime They They also also argue argue thethe main main cause cause ofof crime crime is is low low intelligence, intelligence, which which is is biologically biologically determined. determined. 13  Socialisation and the Underclass Effective Effective socialisation socialisation can can decrease decrease criminality criminality Crime Crime is is increased increased by by growing growing underclass underclass or or ‘new ‘new rabble’ rabble’ who who are are defined defined by by deviant deviant behaviour, behaviour, increased increased by by welfare welfare dependency. dependency. Lone Lone mothers mothers (Dennis (Dennis andand Erdos) Erdos) are are inefficient inefficient socialisation socialisation agents agents –– males males turn turn to to role role models models on on the the street street and and crime. crime. 14 So what are the solutions? Main Main focus focus is is on on control, control, containment containment and and punishment punishment –– Zero Zero tolerance tolerance policies policies (Wilson (Wilson and and Kelling) Kelling) and and target target hardening hardening measures measures –– reshaping reshaping the the area area (situational (situational crime crime prevention). prevention). Increasing Increasing the the costs costs to to exceed exceed the the benefits. benefits. Responsible Responsible parenting parenting and and 'active 'active citizens' citizens' who who challenge challenge anti-social anti-social behaviour. behaviour. Tough Tough punishment: punishment: heavy heavy fines, fines, sentences sentences and and advocation advocation ofof corporal corporal (physical) (physical) and and capital capital (death (death sentence, sentence, USA) USA) punishment. punishment. 15  Note Realist theories of crime Making LearningObjectives After studying this Topic, you should: Understand the difference between realist and other approaches to crime. Tasks Know the main features of right and left realist approaches to crime and understand their political context and similarities and differences between them. Be able to evaluate the strengths and limitations of right and left realist approaches to crime. How do realist approaches differ fromother theories of crime? (page 97 Right realism(pages 97-99 1. Why do right realists see crime as a problem? 2. Why do right realists criticise other views on crime? The causes of crime (pages 97-98) 1.Briefly outline the three factors that cause crime, according to right realists. a. Biological differences Solutions to Crime CCTV Right Realism e.g. USA More Police 3 Strikes Officers Solutions to Crime Zero Harsher Tolerance Punishments Policing  Wilson and Kelling, ‘Broken Window Thesis Wilson Wilson and and Kelling Kelling argues argues thatthat unless unless ‘incivilities’ ‘incivilities’ (litter, (litter, graffiti, graffiti, noise noise levels, levels, vandalism, vandalism, etc.) etc.) are are kept kept to to aa minimum, minimum, then then wider wider anti- anti- social social behaviour behaviour and and moremore serious serious crimes crimes will will follow. follow. He He advocates advocates that that the the police police adopt adopt aa policy policy of of ‘zero-tolerance’ ‘zero-tolerance’ for for even even minor minor crimes crimes (as (as tried tried by by the the Mayor Mayor ofof New New York). York). 18  Critique of Right Realism ItIt is is influential influential on on Government Government policy policy in in both both the the USA USA and and UK UK (Zero (Zero tolerance tolerance has has been been successfully successfully adopted adopted in in New New York. York. Some Some argue argue itit is is aa lack lack of of investment investment in in deprived deprived areas areas rather rather than than incivilities incivilities that that cause cause crime crime to to rise. rise. ItIt ignores ignores wider wider structural structural causes causes such such as as poverty. poverty. ItIt is is easy easy to to pick pick on on scapegoats scapegoats like like single single parent parent families. families. Marxists Marxists argue argue that that concentration concentration onon minor minor offences offences means means that that more more serious serious crime crime (corporate (corporate crime) crime) gets gets ignored ignored by by the the authorities. authorities. Where Where zero zero tolerance tolerance isis introduced, introduced, this this simply simply shifts shifts crime crime to to other other areas. areas. 19  Today’s Key Terms Start adding to your glossary! Realism Right Realism Biological Differences Socialisation and the underclass  Discuss… In your opinion, which of the following are the two biggest causes of crime? Poverty Greed Poor socialisation Being led astray by friends Drugs Decline in traditional community Too few police officers Can't be bothered to work for a living 21  Formal Progress Point 5 - FPP5 Week beginning 21st Oct FPP5 will be in the week before half –term (your first Sociology lesson of the week). Please make sure you do not miss the lesson (may be a key grade?) Two 10 mark questions on the C& D topic. The first question will be compulsory then you will have a choice for the next question. Will have an item (so use it!) and will need 2 really good PEEEL paragraphs per ten-mark answer!