L1 - Organism Classification PDF

rtones There but 21.8 million species described are total estimate the 20 million is currently! (trillion species!! on - estimate Biodiversity Earth flies beetles other wasps vertebrates Taxonomy classifying the practice · categorizing organisms using of hierarchyof taxa groups can insects other Pla...

rtones There but 21.8 million species described are total estimate the 20 million is currently! (trillion species!! on - estimate Biodiversity Earth flies beetles other wasps vertebrates Taxonomy classifying the practice · categorizing organisms using of hierarchyof taxa groups can insects other Plants Species:a this * Species - · Ursus · · ⑳gi Carnivora move share in organisms Chordata characteristics more ismatter with each other in common Animalia like... a El file is organisms should be A 2 - physical a series used byall scientists identifying unique features and 'yes' iss iss.?@.....?@.... Ns species.... · bydividing is binomial, i.e. Homo sapiens them into 2 lowercase and communication categories repeatedlybased habitats no' statements legs, shell, beak List version 1 Does ithave limbs? written in italics or underlined easier identifiable features on stripes, no limbs tail, limbs long short, tail, version Does ithave limbs? Yes No two names - characteristics or collaboration fins, shell, beak Diagram name Genus species internationally, making organisms behaviours not Domains: sytem i Capital and note of ⑪ 3 main under si !..... · * an an Determine commonalities and differences 3. Create All life falls -..... ⑪ offspring offspring together -- e Eukaryota · Dichotomous key:method of 1- Observe - an ⑳gi sorting system classification system Domain invertebrates algae o · · # Kingdom a is uisngpe " isans-is, war See species, taxa become as · fertile produce cannot x* · · · Mammalia from Domain to smaller Phyllum Class... · Stage ⑪ Ursidae you means See * americans reproduce to produce fertile can that different species FamilyOrder Genus that of an anan anan an vesus As organisms group other offspring produce Yes... Go to 2 No... snake Does it have fins? snake Yes sea No turtle have Does it · a 2. Does it have fins? Yes No shell?...... sea turtle Go to 3 NO turtle s Does it have Yes crocodile long snout? 3 a i have Does it a shell? NO Yes No...... tuutle Go to 4 chameleon start - t moths Fungi a features theyshare bythe butterflies 4 Does it have a long snout? Yes No...... crocodile chameleon limbs Phylogenetics:the studyof Organisms the ex:the due to morphological classically grouped are more evolutionaryhistoryand relationships similar their limb pentadactyl. 8 anatomyand structure, vertebrates in the - turtle bat and share different fins for swimming ex: organisms have ~ W ~ The different organisms in Split o. dolphin sea turtle fish penguin anatomyof ~ unlikely... Evolution * ex: can onlymodifywhat DNA analysis allows Species Differences ~ Organisms DNA sequence subject in a alreadypresent. Thus, the us accurate most organisms differ from gene for a protein is found more Species... most Species 3 TATACCTCCGGTAAGCT Species 4 TATAGATEC66TAGGCT though & - mutations are random, a theyoccur at Positive correlation between the number Can be used as a : over adaptations for swimming, however perform are the same anatomywas altered function, swimming pressures of unrelated organisms forming analogous were all structures indicator of relatedness an time evolutionaryhistoryamong species DNA nucleotide base sequence gradually ancestor and species. Boxes indicate are where closelyrelated more mutations have occurred 4 I 7 has most mutations 3 2 distantlyrelated most 2 and 3 sequences for a fewest differences represents closelyrelated used to build common Phylogenetic thatshows the tree: branching * evolutionaryrelationships more more differences of an between two species estimate given protein can of how be theydiverged from common diverged from and the time since long ago = recent, the closelyrelated species a a common ancestor ancestor man er.Fontainan a 8.8 ancestor compared. fewer mutations have occured ! - recent most predictable rate molecular clock to calculate Additionallyamino acid the species fins to similar selection in their recent common diagram - a pressures structures TATA CATCCOG TAAGCT Species Even anatomyis to differences four different in TATAGCTACGGATOGCT 2 a a all to different selection verydifferent. closelyrelated common ancestor's to compare relatedness and other due fewer differences share with similar which accumulate in due to mutations are a means each I Species 1 Species and ~ is subject likelythatseparate populations more similar function, different structure following animals structure (anatomy) related closely their this much to - up and animals all have the outward the of graduallyforming homologous following and a make them does not evolutionary history unlikelythatseparate organisms independently evolved for different functions similar anatomy common ancestor with this anatomy was more likely - adaptations, close a similar bone have very -o similar common. appearance, the limbs similar structure, different function Conversely, justbecause in Despite having verydifferentfunctions Please whale theyhave related likely theyare closely animals with backbone human - of organisms within groups form and structure features more Yaaae i o or among less time has passed since divergence more closely related grouped byshared features into taxa. Below are the features mostcommonlyform but there are exceptions lead to evidence is gathered and our understanding improves so too will our systems of classification may Organisms As can more Below · be kingdom taxon Domain is Animal a Features cells Plant multicellular No Yes Heterotrophic class uni and protoctist* multicellular single Yes Yes cellulose Vertebrates:have a divided into several groups. are spinal vertebral column which Mammals Features fertilization live hard shell eggs laid endothermic body covering hair breathing lungs other land on feathers Keratin lungs alveoli females no are simple teeth-beak Heterotrophic 5 classes laid land no s- external laid in water lungs simple teeth young adult tissue in on scales and swim bladder water land S in /. trinsi. Arthropods Features invertebrates:lack a vertebral column. Have Insects limbs 3 pairs antennae I I pair eyes of legs pair - Cephalothorax, abdomen 4 pairs of legs * compound ⑯ is generati - seems several pairs a C - typicallymade chitin of Myriapods Crustacea Cephalothorax, multisegmented abdomen S+ pairs of legs 10+ pairs of I 2 pairs none ↑ · exoskeleton Arachnids head, thorax, abdomen body tough simple is I pair compound ⑮ # - · bonyplates gills skin ⑤ ! in water ectothermic moist skin folding jelly-covered eggs ectothermic keratin living Fish jelly-covered eggs - examples Heterotrophic external lungs wings Autotrophic internal scales peptidoglycan Autotrophic Amphibians on Yes cellulose are: ectothermic bronchial tubes are There cord. cell NO Reptiles laid keratin 2 limbs largest rubberyshell eggs endothermic glands mammary in spinal a internal young temperature protects Birds internal birth unoffial, two of the While single cell Sometimes chitin photosynthesis Animals unicellular Yes Heterotrophic Autotrophic Prokaryote unicellular hyphae, mycelium Yes Yes it Fungus " W tissues, organs tissues, organs nutrition examples reclassification I pair legs 2 per segment pair simple ziiiiiiiiii tC r onuuuuuuu Plants can be divided into 4 major phylla. Two of the largestare Flowering Ferns Features reproduction Monocotylodons nune seeds spores flowers leaves in vascular tissue petals verysmall, simple Viruses: generallynot structure considered alive ⑪ Es (()( Spherical virus eX:SARS-CoV-2 th comprising RNA OX ⑤E & cotyledon multiples veins yes scattered arventitions yes in I parallel pairs yes roots - capsid a of MRSGREN protein coat fibrous capsic ⑱ * 3 of I & Dicotyledons seeds petals yes 1 I a encapsulating genetic material capacit N · Polyhedral virus ex:tobacco mosaic virus ex:Adenovirus 2 cotyledons multiples Complex virus bacteriophage ex: in yes DNA or RNA DNA virus in - branching but still evolve and very common ⑳ Helical yes ⑧ Plants a 4 or 5 of veins ring tap The term 1 'species' Watch the following 2 Provide full 3 Construct a a defined is video biological dichotomous differentlyin to learn. Which classification of keyfor various the disciplines. definition one plant following do and you one Whi? why? prefer and from animal species Domain species cats: Panthera lea Panthera Tiger) 4 tigris Construct a dichotomous keyfor Amphibians, Insects, Arachnids, Crustacea, Myriapods d) Ferns, Monocotyledons, Dicotyledons the following phylogenetic tree long ago organisms b) on did the this tree at the point all ancestor of common indicated the organism that of the 8) or do work not on viruses which Brown are more was byA c) Whatanimal shares the most recent with the exist? listall modern descendants alive Explain whyantibiotics Cleopard Fish a) how 6 Panthera pardus (Pumal Prokaryote c) Refer to concolor following: the b) Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Puma onca (Jaguar) Cheetah a) Animal, Plant, Fungus, Protoctist, 3 Panthera Clion) Acinonyx jubatus common ancestor Bear? closelyrelated: the Giant Panda and the Giant Panda and Red Panda Polar Bear? Justifyyour answer 7 8 the more amino acids the same is true for an organism nucleotides. has in common, Compare the data both type and sequence, is most related to closely the lizard? Justify your answer b) which organism is most related to closely the dolphin? Justify your answer Reseach on features, this. which Does the predict are prediction? animal class do you research match your a closer relationship above. a) which organism Based indicates mostcloselyrelated to mammals? Justify your answer.