L1_Introduction 1.pptx

Critical Thinking What is thinking?  Stages of thinking  Level 1 - No thinking at all  Level 2 - Some Thinking  Level 3 - Critical thinking  Level 4 - Overthinking  What is thinking?  We sometimes function at a very superficial level geared to give a s...

Critical Thinking What is thinking?  Stages of thinking  Level 1 - No thinking at all  Level 2 - Some Thinking  Level 3 - Critical thinking  Level 4 - Overthinking  What is thinking?  We sometimes function at a very superficial level geared to give a superficial response  For most of us action is reaction  So to put it formally- ‘Thinking is the cognitive activities you use to process information, solve problems, take decisions, and create new ideas’  We use thinking skills to make sense of experiences, organize information, make connections, ask questions, make plans or decide what to do. Blooms Taxonomy of Learning  Critical Thinking Critical thinking is thinking but in a different way. Many people describe this process using terms such as analytical, thoughtful, questioning, probing, non emotional, organized, innovative, logical, methodical, not taking things for granted, examining, details, exhaustive, outside the box, scientific, and procedural. Critical Thinking is Manual thinking (not automatic) Purposeful Being aware of partiality Process and thinking that uses tool set  Critical Thinking  Importance of the course The workplace of today places increasing demands on-  flexible intellectual skills,  ability to analyze information  integrate diverse sources of knowledge in solving problems.  Good critical thinking promotes such thinking skills, and is very important in the fast-changing workplace. Critical Thinking not only brings clarity in thoughts but also improves the quality of one’s thoughts and decisions. This course will provide a practical insight to the skills required for thinking critically.  Objective of the Course This course examines the basic nature of reasoning and the fallacies which prevent good reasoning and decision making. Both the theory and practice of critical thinking are covered. Emphasis will be on understanding the logical structure of an argument and on recognizing the influence of bias and emotional persuasion on decision making. Course Outcomes (COs) COs are clear statements of the expectations for student achievements in the course. After successful completion of the course, a student will be able to –  solve problems or take decisions by processing information in a clear, logical, reasoned and reflective manner.  recognise, build and appraise arguments.  analyse contexts effectively.  recognise bias and its impact on decision making. Critical Thinking is manual rather than automatic thinking You mghit tnihk i’ts aaminzg taht you can raed tihs with vrlialuty no diluftficuy even tuohg the ltetres are mxeid up. It trnus out taht all you need are the fsrit and lsat leetrts in the crocert pcale. Tihs is an eaxplme of yuor barin rnuning in aoumtatic mdoe. FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS. Benefits of Critical Thinking Puzzles – Test your thinking skills If you were alone in a deserted house at night, and there was an oil lamp, a candle and firewood and you only have one match, which would you light first? Puzzles – Test your thinking skills The 60th and 62nd British Prime Ministers of the UK had the same mother and father, but were not brothers. How do you account for this? Puzzles – Test your thinking skills Name three consecutive days in English without using the words Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday Puzzles – Test your thinking skills A window cleaner is cleaning the windows on the 25th floor of a skyscraper, when he slips and falls. He is not wearing a safety harness and nothing slows his fall, yet he suffered no injuries. Explain. Puzzles – Test your thinking skills Three of the glasses below are filled with orange juice and the other three are empty. By moving just one glass, can you arrange the glasses so that the full and empty glasses alternate? Puzzles – Test your thinking skills  If you were alone in a deserted house at night, and there was an oil lamp, a candle and firewood and you only have one match, which would you light first?  What can you put in a wooden box that would make it lighter? The more of them you put in the lighter it becomes, yet the box stays empty.  Which side of a cat contains the most hair?  The 60th and 62nd British Prime Ministers of the UK had the same mother and father, but were not brothers. How do you account for this?  How many birthdays does a typical woman have?  Name three consecutive days in English without using the words Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday  You are running in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in?  There is a wall clock with no battery. How many times in a day will it show the correct time?  Why can't a man living in Banaras be buried west of the River Ganga?  A woman lives on the tenth floor of a block of flats. Every morning she takes the lift down to the ground floor and goes to work. In the evening, she gets into the lift, and, if there is someone else in the lift she goes back to her floor directly. Otherwise, she goes to the eighth floor and walks up two flights of stairs to her flat. How do you explain this?  A window cleaner is cleaning the windows on the 25th floor of a skyscraper, when he slips and falls. He is not wearing a safety harness and nothing slows his fall, yet he suffered no injuries. Explain.  A man and his son were in a car crash. The father was killed and the son was taken to hospital with serious injuries. The examining doctor exclaims: "But, this is my son!". How can this be?  You have to choose between three rooms. The first is full of raging fires The second is full of tigers that haven’t eaten in 3 years. The third is full of assassins with loaded machine guns. Which room should you choose? Three of the glasses below are filled with orange juice and the other three are empty. By moving just one glass, can you arrange the glasses so that the full and empty glasses alternate? A man buys a $10 pair of shoes with a $20 bill. The store owner doesn't have any change, so he goes next door to the barber to get change from him. The store owner returns to his store and gives the man $10 change and his new pair of shoes. The barber later tells the store owner that the $20 he made change for was counterfeit. To make up for it, the store owner gives the barber a real $20 bill. The pair of shoes cost the store owner $5. How much did the store owner lose after the whole affair? A man is wearing all black. Black shoes, socks, trousers, jumper, and gloves. He is walking down a black street with all the street lamps off. A black car is coming towards him with its lights off but somehow manages to stop in time. How did the driver see the man? Einstein once said, I have no special talent. I am only passionately curious.  Curiosity  Curiosity is at the core of creative thinking  Curiosity + Critical Thinking = Problem Solving  Always challenge what you see and hear, and, ask people, not Google  The truly curious brain always seeks more information  When you are curious about something, your mind expects and anticipates new ideas related to it.  When the ideas start flowing, the brain will recognize them for what they are, opportunities for new thinking and new ways of looking at things.  Without curiosity, the ideas may pass right in front of you and you won't notice because you're not mentally ready to recognize them. Curiosity boosts creative thinking which in turn works with critical thinking to lead to better problem solving Evaluate which is a better product – Plastic bag vs Paper bag