Immunity Quiz PDF

i Immunity Immune system...

i Immunity Immune system Innate immunity It is the protection from infectious organisms ; viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa…etc. and cancer functional divisions d Features: in is 1. Provides the first line of defense against microbes → The immune system Respond rapidly to infections to prevent, control, or The different cell types and molecules responsible eliminate infection of the host. for immunity “Adaptive immunity” “Innate immunity” Early responses Later responses 2. Respond in the same way to repeated infections Antigens Acquired specific First line/natural (No memory) A substance that the immune system perceives as being foreign “non-self” or dangerous, imd.io linein Barriesarefirst defense wwwit ofk ffais The principal components of Innate immunity Barriers Innate immunity is Not specific are First Physical and chemical barriers: line of defense! - Skin surface integrity and keratinization (strong physical barrier) - Intact mucous membranes secrete slightly viscous mucus which traps microbes (broken during dental procedures, oral lesions, ulcers…etc.)- portal of entry antigens -Cilia in respiratory tract -Saliva (mucopolysaccharides) and wash/dilute microbes linnate -gastric acid: destroy most microorganisms in stomach - Tears washing - Mucus of the respiratory tract (trapping pathogens/dust) - intestinal flora (microbial antagonism) tissues.am a The principal components of Innate immunity it chemicals in oral secretions a. Macrophages Widely distributed in the body tissues (monocytes in blood) macrophages sina.name.mn.in (3) Blood proteins, including members of the complement system (also involved in adaptive immunity) Is Function: 1. Phagocytosis GCF, Gingival crevicular fluid;; PRP proline-rich proteins; SLPI, secretory 2. Antigen presentation (APC) leukocyte protease inhibitor. Granuarytecypolyorth.nu  sothil no t.in on ii ii 1. 2. b. Granulocytes b. Granulocytes “polymorphonuclear leukocytes” “polymorphonuclear leukocytes” Antigen presenting The most numerous and most 3. cells important cellular component of Important chiefly in defense the innate immune response against parasitic infections are Phagocytic cells worms NOT antigen presenting (Die after Dendritic cells phagocytosis) 5. 4. 1. Phagocytosis anaphylaxis asthma atopic dermatitis 2. Antigen presentation (APC) histamine die afterPhagocytoces What is abscess ? Result from Cytokines c. NK cells Complement Proteins secreted by immune cells to affect the behavior of (dead neutrophils) other cells that bear receptors for them A system of plasma proteins (C1-C9), when activated Innate immune defense against after phagocytosis of intracellular pathogens The cytokines released by activated macrophages in it forms a cascade of proteolytic reactions ends with membrane attack complex on microbial surfaces -- lysis many bacteria response to bacterial constituents initiate the process Has two pathways known as “inflammation” Examples of cytokines: The cascade of reactions also releases small peptides that They contain cytotoxic granules Inerleukins- Interferons- Tumor necrosis factor contribute to “inflammation” They are able to recognize and kill some abnormal cells Interferons: Proteincan invitevirus replication - IFN alpha, IFN beta: block the spread of viruses to such as some tumor cells and virus-infected cells uninfected cells - IFN gamma: activates macrophages www Inflammation Oral Innate immune mechanisms Pain + Redness + Heat + Swelling Cytokines are produced in response to microbes and at the site of an infection anatomical barriers other antigens to mediate and regulate immune and mechanical removal inflammatorye reactions antigen-non-specific defense chemicals microbial antagonism defense cells and their activation The complement system is activated by microbes phagocytosis and provoke specific immune and promote destruction of the microbes and inflammation 1 fever response to structurally distinct inflammation. the acute-phase response areas of the antigen “epitopes” complement Antigenic determinants. name epitopes site intheAntign function response  abdativei.ba After phagocytosis of an antigen, the Adaptive/Acquired/Specific immunity Adaptive/Acquired/Specific immunity Adaptive/Acquired/Specific immunity antigen presenting cells (APC) present this (Features) (Features) antigen to the adaptive immune system Adaptive immune responses takes time to develop 4. Diversity: An ability to recognize and react to a large The components of the adaptive immune system 2. Highly specific: Distinguish between different (even number of microbial and non-microbial substances. closely related) microbes and molecules www.t 4. Clonal expansion: an increase in the number of antigen specific cells B cell lymphocytes T cell lymphocytes (Bone marrow) (Thymus) Exposure to antigen cytotoxic T cell, T helper cell Memory cells: More efficient than naïve cells And Their secreted products Antibodies Cytokines i Primary lymphoid organs The lymphoid system consists of The bone marrow Humoral immunity “antibody mediated” The cells of the immune system originate in Primary (Central) lymphoid organs and the thymus the bone marrow constitute the Cell-mediated immunity ”T-cell mediated” (where many of them also mature) primary lymphoid Secondary (Peripheral) lymphoid organs organs Primary lymphoid organs Primary lymphoid organs Both B-cells and T-cells are produced from stem cells in e the bone marrow Once T cells and B cells have completed their maturation → they enter the bloodstream, from which they migrate to the peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs  adabtive or innate or Both Defense mechanisms of the mouth Secondary lymphoid organs Secondary lymphoid organs Pathogens can enter the body by Oral mucosa These organs are many routes and set up an Oral lymphoid tissues specialized to trap infection anywhere Extra-oral lymph nodes antigens Intra-oral lymphoid tissue Saliva microbe Gingival crevicular fluid I E 651 what is the Principal components ofinnate immunity 1 Physicalandchemicalbarriers 2 cells 3 blood Protiens 4 Protiens called cytokines Granualcyte Polymorthoncular leukocyte i Naterophils Esophile Basophile mostnamurous Parasitic infiction anyother mostimportant worms inflamatory Phagocytecell NotAntignPrinting complement membrane attack complex Endby lysis distraction ofmicrobs