Klasse 9 - der Weg zur Reichsgründung - 24/25 PDF

Schuljahr 24/25 der Weg zur Reichsgründung der Vormärz Test 06.09. 1. Definiere den Begriff Restauration. 2. Nenne mindestens 2 Maßnahmen und erkläre diese knapp. 3. Welche Reaktion hatte die breite Bevölkerung auf die Restauration (Fachbegriff!)? 4. Benenne 3 Merkmale dieser Reaktio...

Schuljahr 24/25 der Weg zur Reichsgründung der Vormärz Test 06.09. 1. Definiere den Begriff Restauration. 2. Nenne mindestens 2 Maßnahmen und erkläre diese knapp. 3. Welche Reaktion hatte die breite Bevölkerung auf die Restauration (Fachbegriff!)? 4. Benenne 3 Merkmale dieser Reaktion Test 06.09. 1. Phase der Geschichte nach dem Wiener Kongress, in der die europäischen Monarchen die politische Situation von vor der Französischen Revolution wiederherzustellen und die 3 aufkommenden Ideen der Liberalisierung und Demokratisierung zu unterdrücken und zu bekämpfen 2. Einschränkung der Pressefreiheit, Einsetzung von Monarchen, Abschaffung von politischen 4 Errungenschaften aus der napoleonischen Zeit, Versammlungen wurden mit Gewalt aufgelöst 3. Bevölkerung zog sich in ihr Zuhause und ihrer Familie zurück (Biedermeier) 2 4. Veränderung in verschiedenen kulturellen Bereichen (Kunst, Innenarchitektur, Literatur), Bescheidenheit, Rückzug ins Private, Naturverbundenheit 3 oder 3. Bevölkerung kämpfte und rebellierte und wollte damit ihre politischen Forderungen durchsetzen (Vormärz) 4. Verbreitung politischer Ideen, Erstarkung der nationalen und liberalen Ideen, Proteste und Aufstände M5a Schüler: M5b Dahlmann - republikanische Spitze/Parlament - Monarchie - Reichstag wählt Oberhaupt - ein einheitliches Deutschland regiert durch - Parlament steht über Fürsten und eine Gewalt Monarchen - für die Erbherrschaft - gegen eine Monarchie (dynastische Erbherrschaft) → Rechts → Links Die Frankfurter Paulskirchenverfassung Test 20.09. 1. Beschreibe die Karikatur in Stichpunkten. 2. Erkläre auf welches Problem in der Paulskirchenversammlung sich diese Karikatur bezieht. Das Jahr 1849 - Ende der Hoffnung? Hypothesen: Warum scheiterte die Revolution? "Das Volk ist mir zum Kotzen" Friedrich Wilhelm IV. von Preußen zur Eröffnung des " Vereinigten Landtags" am 11. April 1847 Test 27.09. 1. Erkläre den Begriff “Gegenrevolution”. 5 2. Nenne Gründe, warum die Revolution auf deutschem Gebiet nicht vollendet wurde. 10 Test 27.09 Zu 1. Der Begriff Gegenrevolution bezeichnet eine politische Bewegung oder Handlung, die darauf abzielt, die Errungenschaften oder Ziele einer Revolution rückgängig zu machen oder zu verhindern. In der Regel streben Gegenrevolutionäre die Wiederherstellung der alten Ordnung an, die durch die Revolution gestürzt wurde. So erlebte „Hofmaler“ Anton von Werner die Proklamation König Wilhelm I. von Preußen zum Deutschen Kaiser am 18. Januar 1871 im Spiegelsaal des Schlosses von Versailles Deutsche Reichsgründung 1871 Vergleich der Reichsgründung Frankreich und Deutsches Reich Gemeinsamkeiten Unterschiede Wiederholung am 4.10. 1. Aufpassen 2. Zuhören 3. Mitarbeiten 4. Aufgaben erledigen the rise of Otto von Bismarck Stundenwiederholung 11.10. 1. List down the wars on the path to unification of germany. 6 2. Explain why you can call the process of unification in germany “revolution from the top”. Include Otto von Bismarck and his favorite saying to make politics with “blood and iron”. 10  1. List down the wars on the path to unification of germany. Second Schleswig War (1864) Denmark and the German Confederation (led by Prussia and Austria) Austro-Prussian War (1866) conflict was between Prussia and Austria, alongside Austria’s German allies. Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) Prussia (with the support of other German states) and France under Emperor Napoleon III. Outcome: The Germans defeated France, leading to the collapse of the French Empire. The southern German states joined the North German Confederation, and in 1871, Germany was officially unified under Prussian King Wilhelm I, who became the German Emperor. 2. Explain why you can call the process of unification in germany “revolution from the top”. Include Otto von Bismarck and his favorite saying to make politics with “blood and iron”. The unification of Germany in the 19th century was primarily driven by Prussia under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck. The process involved a series of wars, diplomacy, and political maneuvering that Bismarck orchestrated. The unification of Germany is often referred to as a "revolution from the top" because it was not a grassroots movement or a popular revolution led by the masses. Instead, it was orchestrated by the Prussian ruling elite, particularly Otto von Bismarck, through a combination of military force, diplomacy, and political strategy. Bismarck manipulated events and exploited nationalism to unify the German states under Prussian dominance without a true revolution or widespread popular uprising.Bismarck’s famous saying, "Die Politik der Eisen und Blut" ("the politics of blood and iron"), encapsulates his approach to unification. His actions accumulates in his fames quote taht Germany would not be united through speeches or democratic means, but through force. This meant that military power ("blood") and industrial strength ("iron") were the tools he would use to achieve his political goals. Politics in the new germany Germany after 1871: An authoritarian or democratic state? authoritarian democratic King of Prussia had the power universal, equal and secret King convenes Reichstag, elections Federal Council, appoints men over 25 years can vote Imperial Chancellor and federal laws agreed to by commander in chief of military Federal Council and Reichstag forces every state had his own parliament and government most powerful constitutional organ: the German Emperor Critics of the constitution called it “only a constitution in form, not in substance ”. Give reasons for such an opinion. limited democratic representation dominance of Prussia authoritarian power of Kaiser Stundenwiederholung 18.10. 1. Name the most powerful constitutional organ and list down the different power options it has. 6 2. The new constitution after 1871 in the new unified germany earns a lot of critics. Presents the reasons and evaluate if you can agree or not. 10 EW 18.10. 1. Name the most powerful constitutional organ and list down the different power options it has. German Emporer/ “Kaiser” of Germany: commander in chief convenes Reichstag and Federal Council appoints/dismisses Imperial Chancellor King of Prussia head of state 2. The new constitution after 1871 in the new unified germany earns a lot of critics. Presents the reasons and evaluate if you can agree or not. I think these criticisms are fair. The constitution did create a strong and unified Germany, which was a big achievement at the time, but it came at the cost of democratic rights. Prussia’s dominance and Imperial Chancellor and the Kaiser’s power meant that only a few people controlled the entire country, leaving ordinary people with little say in political decisions. While the constitution brought stability, it limited democracy by a limited role of the Reichstag and authoritarian elements caused limited individual freedoms as well, which would be important elements for a fair government. Overall, I agree with the criticism because, although the unification was an important historical step, the constitution didn’t give enough voice to the people, which is crucial for a truly representative government. Social Laws  „Hat die soziale Struktur im Deutschen Kaiserreich mehr Zusammenhalt oder mehr Spannungen in der Gesellschaft gefördert?“ ‘Did the social structure in the German Empire promote more cohesion or more tension in society?’ 😝😝😝😝😝😝😝😝😝😝😝😝 Anti-Semitism 1a. Differences between religious and racist anti-Semitism: Religious antisemitism: Was historically based on religious prejudice against Jews, e.g. through Christianity. Racist antisemitism: focussed on ‘race’ and regarded Jews as biologically and culturally ‘different’ and inferior, regardless of religious affiliation. 1b. Discrimination against Jews: Exclusion from certain professions, social exclusion and anti-Semitic propaganda. Jews were not allowed to hold high military positions and were made scapegoats for economic problems. 1c. Difference between political and social discrimination: Political: discrimination through legal and state measures, such as restrictions on rights. Social: exclusion from social groups, social marginalisation and anti-Semitic attitudes among the population. Militarism 3a. Military role in society: The military was not just a defence institution, but part of everyday life. As the guarantee for the unification the military kind of guaranteed the well being of the country therefore “officiers became the highest social class”. Students should recognise the presence of the military in civilian life and its influence on discipline and order. The military and there discipline became a role model for civil life. 3b. Role of reserve officers: Reserve officers, often from the middle class, acted as a bridge between the military and the civilian population. They had prestige and were also respected in civilian life, which further strengthened militarism. 3c. Symbolism and characters in the cartoons: ‘Standing at Attention’ shows the subjugation of the citizen to the military, ‘In the Sauna’ shows the absurdity of the omnipresent military hierarchy. 3d. Interpretation of the caricatures: The cartoons criticise the overemphasis of the military in everyday life and the pervasiveness of military discipline in society. Principles of Bismarck’s Alliance System Title: The tree Emperors Sep. 1884 from left to right: Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary a) List the principles of Bismarck’s alliance system. 1. "Saturated" Germany: Germany declared itself "saturated" after 1871, meaning it had no further territorial ambitions in Europe. This was intended to avoid giving the impression of aggressive intentions. 2. Isolation of France: The main goal was to isolate France diplomatically to prevent it from forming alliances that could seek revenge for its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. 3. Preventing Anti-German Coalitions: Bismarck aimed to create alliances that would prevent other great powers from forming coalitions against Germany, particularly by aligning with Austria-Hungary and Russia. b) Explain Bismarck’s “nightmare” of coalitions. ○ Bismarck’s nightmare was the fear that France would find allies who could join it in a coalition against Germany, especially Russia or Great Britain. Such an alliance would have resulted in a two-front war, weakening Germany’s position and risking its security. a/b. Create a table of the different alliances (1873-1890) and what agreements were made in each alliance? Alliance Year Countries Involved Agreements/Content Three Emperors’ 1873 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Mutual neutrality and cooperation League Russia against internal threats. 1881 Dual Alliance 1879 Germany, Austria-Hungary Military support in case of a Russian attack. Triple Alliance 1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Mutual defense against an attack by Italy France or other powers. Reinsurance Treaty 1887 Germany, Russia Secret agreement of neutrality in case of war with a third power. c) Identify potential conflicts between the alliances. ○ The Three Emperors’ League conflicted with the Dual Alliance due to competing interests of Russia and Austria-Hungary in the Balkans. ○ The secret Reinsurance Treaty contradicted the Dual Alliance’s public commitments, undermining trust. ○ The Triple Alliance risked internal conflict as Italy and Austria-Hungary had territorial disputes, especially in the Adriatic region. d) Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the alliance system.😱 Strengths: ○ The alliance system prevented large-scale conflict and isolated France diplomatically. ○ It maintained a balance of power in Europe through strategic partnerships. ○ Bismarck’s diplomacy fostered stability and avoided direct confrontations. Weaknesses: ○ The system was heavily dependent on Bismarck’s personal diplomacy and leadership. ○ Conflicting national interests, particularly in the Balkans, caused internal tensions. ○ The secrecy of the Reinsurance Treaty reduced transparency and trust between allies. Was Bismarck's policy of alliances a successful long-term strategy for securing peace? Assessments of Bismarck’s Foreign Policy a) Summarize Gordon A. Craig’s opinion. b) Summarize Koppel Pinson’s opinion. ○ Craig views Bismarck’s foreign policy as ○ Pinson characterizes Bismarck’s policy as effective but overly dependent on his personal pragmatic and defensive, focusing on control. He criticizes the lack of independent maintaining the peace achieved after 1870. He initiative among diplomats, which led to argues that Bismarck prioritized tangible difficulties after Bismarck’s resignation. Craig national interests rather than prestige. Pinson emphasizes that the rigid control stifled the criticizes the successors for their unrealistic diplomats’ ability to adapt to broader issues, emphasis on power and prestige, diverging from making the system unstable without Bismarck. Bismarck’s more practical approach. Was Bismarck's policy of alliances a successful long-term strategy for securing peace? expected answer: Students may argue that Bismarck’s policy was effective in the short term but not sustainable due to its reliance on his leadership and the conflicting interests of the alliances. The lack of adaptability and the unrealistic goals of his successors contributed to the breakdown of the alliance system. Stundenwiederholung zum 22.11. 1. Describe the term “militarism” in german society. 2. Name disadvantaged groups in the germany society. 3. Describe the differences between political and social discrimination. Assign the groups from task 1 to one of the two categories. 4. Did the social structure in the German Empire promote more cohesion or more tension in society? Answer in a differentiated way. the new Imperalism