Kidneys & Urinary System PDF

Kidneys & Urinary System Biomedical Science Coralie Frances GDC Learning Outcomes 1.1.5 Describe relevant and appropriate dental, oral, craniofacial and general anatomy and explain their application to patient management 1.1.6 Describe relevant and appropriate physiology and explain its a...

Kidneys & Urinary System Biomedical Science Coralie Frances GDC Learning Outcomes 1.1.5 Describe relevant and appropriate dental, oral, craniofacial and general anatomy and explain their application to patient management 1.1.6 Describe relevant and appropriate physiology and explain its application to patient management Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of the session the student should be able to: Label diagrams of the macroscopic & microscopic anatomy of the urinary system & kidney Describe the function of the urinary system & kidney Explain blood flow through the nephron Explain how the nephron filters the blood Describe homeostasis of water balance & electrolytes Assess your knowledge pre lecture What is the function of the urinary system? Look at the next slide What type of section is this? What does your kidney do? Can you name the structures? What is their purpose? How did you do? Rate your knowledge on a score of 1-5 (1 least knowledge; 5 greatest knowledge) Continue with the PPT to refresh your knowledge then answer the same questions again What are your scores now? Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy Physiology Watch these 3 videos https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzl4lgX_3RvcgRqo810pAcz9trinh0Irl The Urinary System Please label the diagram Explain the direction of the arrows Kidney- transverse section Add labels to the diagram What is flowing in the direction of the arrows? A kidney nephron Please label the diagram With the aid of the arrows explain blood flow through the nephron Video of urinary system https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=82mW8bpcSyU Renal Function Renal function is needed to : Maintain normal Essential for body fluid excretion of volume and waste products composition and drugs Functions of the kidney Excretory Regulatory Endocrine Metabolic Formation of urine- 3 processes involved Filtration Selective reabsorption Tubular secretion Video of Filtration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9A2dAyWyK6o  Glomerular Capsule Where filtration takes place Filtration Water, & small molecules pass through the semipermeable walls of glomerulus and glomerulus capsule Larger molecules , blood cells, plasma proteins remain in capillaries Selective reabsorption Takes place in tubules Constituents needed by the body are reabsorbed back into the blood capillary Active transport takes place at carrier sites in the epithelial membrane Energy is needed to transport substances against their concentration gradients Renal threshold– if all carrier sites are full substances will appear in urine which don’t normally e.g. glucose Reabsorption regulated by hormones Parathormone and calcitonin together regulate reabsorption of calcium & phosphate Antidiuretic hormone increases water reabsorption by increasing the permeability of the convoluted tubules Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium & excretion of potassium. Angiotensin II a vasoconstricting hormone Tubular secretion Some substances not required or in excess to body’s need may remain in blood after filtration due to speed of filtration e.g. hydrogen ions, drugs- penicillin, aspirin These are actively secreted into the convoluted tubules Energy is required Describe what happens to the glomerular filtrates List the composition of urine How the kidneys maintain water balance Water balance Body gains water from Body loses water in Urine Faeces Perspiration Expired air Water regulation by antidiuretic hormone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_RQLl3uyoI&t=86s 18 minutes Electrolyte Balance Sodium & potassium Calcium balance Parathyroid and calcitonin Ingested in food hormones co-ordinate calcium balance PTH acts on kidney tubules Excess excreted in urine to reabsorb calcium Hormone aldosterone regulates Calcitonin acts on kidney excretion of Sodium tubules to absorb less calcium  Self assessment With the aid of Ross & Wilson Explain how the nephron filters the blood Describe homeostasis of water balance & electrolytes Now go back to Slides 4 & 5 and reassess your knowledge Useful References Waugh, A. and Grant, A. (2018) Ross & Wilson Anatomy And Physiology In Health And Illness. 14th ed. Elsevier. Ward, J. and Linden, R. (2017) Physiology At A Glance. 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell. Extra videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVqSqPOcahY&feature=emb_rel_pause Detailed (45mins) of blood filtration in capsule