Key Topics To Review - Final (NCM 101) PDF

WEEK 14 Musculoskeletal, Neurologic, Genitourinary KEY POINTS:  CEREBRUM (CEREBRAL CORTEX) enables thinking and reasoning  CEREBELLUM facilitates coordinated muscle movement and maintains equilibrium  SPINAL CORD acts as the primary pathway for messages travelling between the...

WEEK 14 Musculoskeletal, Neurologic, Genitourinary KEY POINTS:  CEREBRUM (CEREBRAL CORTEX) enables thinking and reasoning  CEREBELLUM facilitates coordinated muscle movement and maintains equilibrium  SPINAL CORD acts as the primary pathway for messages travelling between the peripheral areas of the body and the brain responsible for speech and language  Frontal lobe- part of the brain which is responsible for speech and language.  BRAINSTEM acts as a major sensory and motor pathway for impulses to and from the cerebral cortex; regulates automatic body functions, such as heart rate and breathing.  PERIPHERAL NERVE serve the skin, muscles, sensory organs, and viscera (the internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially those in the abdomen, e.g., the intestines  CRANIAL NERVES 1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Auditory 9. Glossopharyngeal 10.Vagus 11.Spinal/Accessory 12.Hypoglossal  P’s OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY DEFINITION OF TERMS:  FOOT DROP- It is the plantar flexion of the foot with the toes bent toward the instep.  HEMATURIA-. It is the terminology of blood in the urine, causing urine to turn brown or bright red.  URINARY INCONTINENCE- It is the terminology of involuntary release of urine  HYDROCELE- It is the terminology of collection of fluid in the testicle.  PRONATION- It is the terminology of moving in a circular manner. WEEK 15 A.Clinical alert B.Documentation of findings C.Patient & Family education & Home Health Teaching KEYPOINTS:  FACT –The acronym used to guide the fundamental aspects of nursing documentation.  NURSING DOCUMENTATION- The process of using written or electronically generated information to describe client care and outcomes.  CLIENT RECORD-This document serves as legal proof of the care provided and can be used in court  TEACH-BACK METHOD- The process nurses use to ensure patients clearly understand medical instructions by asking them to repeat the information.  ERROR CORRECTION-The act of addressing issues like medication omissions, unclear orders, or chart inaccuracies in nursing documentation.   COMMON DOCUMAENTATION ERROR IN NURSING 1. Unclear Orders 2. Medication or allergy omission 3. Blank items on a chart 4. Writing imprecise descriptions WEEK 16 Diagnostic Tests (routinary laboratory exams) Non invasive and Invasive KEYPOINTS:  To collect clean-catch urine sample from a female patient instruct the patient to wipe front to back with a single wipe.  Diagnostic test requires patient preparation of being NPO after midnight- Blood Chemistry test  Nursing action is appropriate for a patient preparing for a bronchoscopy is to instruct the patient to avoid eating for 8 hours before the test.  SERUM CREATININE- laboratory test result that most likely to be ordered to assess kidney function  MRI is generally contraindicated for patients with a pacemaker.  Verifying the patient’s allergies, particularly to iodine, is an essential nursing intervention before a CT scan with contrast.  A white blood cell count of 15,000/mm³ would be a significant concern when monitoring a patient for signs of infection.  After collecting a sputum specimen for culture, the appropriate nursing intervention is to label it properly and promptly send it to the laboratory.  The nurse should wipe away the first drop of blood using sterile gauze when assessing a patient’s capillary blood glucose.  Dimpling and orange peel appearance of the breast-alarming BSE findings  The best time to do BSE -3 TO 5 days after period  HYPOKALEMIA condition might a nurse suspect in a patient with severe muscle cramps and a low potassium level. For a 24-hour urine collection, discard the first voided urine and record the time as the start of the collection.