KEY patho CNS disorders.gdoc

Unit 3 patho CNS Disorders 1. When do signs and symptoms of CNS neoplasms usually occur? a. when there is a blockage of CSF flow 2. What is drop metastasis? a. when primary CNS tumors metastasis to the spinal cord 3. How do CNS tumors affect the body? a. it comp...

Unit 3 patho CNS Disorders 1. When do signs and symptoms of CNS neoplasms usually occur? a. when there is a blockage of CSF flow 2. What is drop metastasis? a. when primary CNS tumors metastasis to the spinal cord 3. How do CNS tumors affect the body? a. it compresses the cerebral tissue, which causes cerebral edema and increased ICP b. vasogenic edema c. tumor cells can release chemical substances that can alter the BBB-> increasing edema d. increased permeability of capillary endothelial cells 4. How does the brain compensate for edema in an attempt to maintain ICP? a. it decreases i. - volume of brain tissue ii. -CSF iii. - cerebral blood volume 5. What are the general symptoms of a primary brain tumor? a. headache, with or without nausea or vomiting, cognitive difficulties, personality change, and gait disorder b. there is a secondary increase ICP or compression of CSF leading to hydrocephalus 6. What are the focal symptoms of a primary brain tumor? a. hemiparesis, aphasia, or visual defect b. seizures are common (presenting symptoms in 90% pt with a low grade glioma) 7. What is the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor? a. Gliomas 8. What are some types of glial cells? a. astrocytes b. oligodendrocytes c. ependymal cells Unit 3 patho 9. What is the function of ependymal cells? a. Line the ventricles 10. What is the most common form of brain tumor in children? a. low grade astrocytomas 11. What are some risk factors for gliomas? a. industrial exposures b. infection c. trauma d. immunosuppression e. radiation f. maternal diet may have an effect on childhood tumors 12. What is the peak age of incidence of astrocytoma in adults? Kids? a. 45-55 b. 2-10 13. Where are low grade astrocytomas usually located? a. in the cerebrum 14. What are the initial signs and symptoms of low grade astrocytomas? a. headache from increased ICP 15. What are the characteristics of a high grade astrocytoma? a. Adults > kids b. Frontal and temporal lobe c. Malignant, aggressive, fast growing 16. What is a common sign of oligodendrocytes? a. history of seizures and chronic HA b. Cerebral hemisphere c. Adults d. slow growing, solid, and calcified tumor 17. What is ependymomas? a. neoplasm of ependymal cell lining of ventricular system and central canal of spinal cord Unit 3 patho 18. What are meningiomas? a. of the meninges b. slow growing benign lesions c. originate in arachnoid d. very good prognosis with optimal treatment 19. What are pituitary adenomas? a. Benign tumors of the anterior pituitary b. hyper or hypo secretion of pituitary hormones cause complex clinical picture c. expanding pituitary tumor cause compress optic chiasm-visual field deficits d. prognosis is very good with long term survival common 20. What are neurinomas? a. affect Schwann cells or neurilemma of nerve 21. What is choroid plexus papilloma? a. usually results in overproduction of CSF 22. What is pinealoma? a. rare tumors of pineal gland 23. How can we diagnose primary CNS tumors? a. MRI b. CT c. cerebral angiography