Kapampangan Culture Module 1 PDF

Kapampangan Culture MODULE 1 (Week 1) The Concept of Culture A. Introduction: To prepare the students in the study of Kapampangan culture, it is essential to present to them different views on culture. This module intends to give students a vast information rela...

Kapampangan Culture MODULE 1 (Week 1) The Concept of Culture A. Introduction: To prepare the students in the study of Kapampangan culture, it is essential to present to them different views on culture. This module intends to give students a vast information relative to the concept of culture. Also, students are expected to reflect on the role of culture in their lives as members of the community. B. Learning Objectives: At the end of the module, the students shall be able to: Define what culture is; Identify the functions of culture; Compare and contrast different points of view on culture; Formulate their own perspective about culture; and Share their personal experiences as members of a cultural community. C. Topics: Culture Functions of Culture A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture D. Checking What I Already Know As a kick start of this course, Kapampangan Culture, it is an imperative to have necessary understanding on what culture is. Before we start, share your ideas about culture. Complete the concept map by providing words that you think related to the concept of culture. CULTURE A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture E. Let’s Explore! What is Culture? Culture is generally a complex concept. Its complexity concerns all of human thinking, behavior, beliefs, and other social actions. In fact, Oatey (2012) argued that culture is really difficult to define. Let us look at different views on culture from experts and prominent personalities on cultural studies. Arnolds (1867) referred culture as a special or artistic activities of humans which may be termed “high culture”. This perspective shows that there is superiority and inferiority in culture. Culture, in this sense, is viewed as more of a matter of aesthetics than a social undertaking where everyone is involved. On the other hand, Tylor (1870) stated that culture is a quality shared by all people in a social group. He added that culture is the complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and other human capabilities acquired by a person belonging to a social group. Although it is generally defined as it may seem, the proponent acknowledged that differences in various social groups exist. Differences include the categorization of social groups into savages and civilized people. And this particular tagging results to cultural gap among social groups. Most anthropologist have used the concept of Tylor in the early booming of cultural studies. The two contradicting views paved way to a shift from culture as an aesthetic thing to a scientific discipline, specifically a field in social science. Boas in the early 20th century proposed a neutral view on culture. He made proposals debunking the two definitions given by Arnold and Tylor. According to him, culture should not be categorized as low of high. It has to be viewed respective of the particular social group. Another view on culture is that it consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other, as conditional elements of future action (Krober & Kluckhohn, 1952). Schwartz (1992) stated that culture consists of the derivatives of experience, more or less organized, learned or created by the individuals of a population, including those images or encodements and their interpretations (meanings) transmitted from past generations, from contemporaries, or formed by individuals themselves. Matsumoto (1996) argued that culture is the set of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people, but different for each individual, communicated from one generation to the next. As a social phenomenon, culture is the total socially acquired life-way or life-style of a group of people. It consists of the patterned and repetitive ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that are characteristics of the members of a particular society or segment of a society (Harris, 1975). A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture Functions of Culture It defines roles How does gender viewed in your culture? What are the expected tasks of every family member? How do we define a leader? How should a lady behave? It gives a sense of identity What are the shared attributes among the members of your community? How do others (etic) see you relative to your cultural group? How do you view yourself (emic) as a member of your community? It facilitates commitment How do you perform you responsibilities as a member of your community? How do you deal with the changes brought by so many factors affecting your cultural group? How do you reflect patrimony and nationalism in your actions? It provides stability in the social system How do the leaders manage the community? How do members of the community follow rules? How do people observe social order? A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture F. Learning Activity I. List 5 key concepts about culture. Briefly explain their significance. Concept Explanation Teacher’s Comment: A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture II. Identify the similarities and differences of the views on culture of Arnold, Tylor, and Boas? Arnold Boas Tylor Teacher’s Comment: A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture G. Let’s Check! In this part, express your thoughts about culture. With a minimum of 5 sentences and a maximum of 10 sentences, answer the following guide questions: How do you view culture? How does culture function in your community? What are your personal experiences as a member of a cultural community? Scoring Rubric: 5 4 3 2 Score Content Clarity Total Score A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture H. Feedback Briefly express your thought about the module. Honestly comment on your learning experience. References: Kottak, C. P. (2009). Cultural anthropology. (12th Ed.). New York: McGrac Hill. Miller, B.D. (2005). Cultural anthropology. (3rd Ed.). Singapore: Pearson Educational Inc. Spencer-Oatey, H. (2012) What is culture? A compilation of quotations. GlobalPAD Core Concepts. A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture MODULE 2 (Week 2) Characteristics and Elements of Culture A. Introduction: Our world is diverse in many aspects. Peoples differ in race, language, beliefs, customs, etc. Thus, cultural groups. Cultural groups have both similarities and distinctiveness. Therefore, many scholars have put attention on cultural studies. In this module, the students will be engaged on the characteristics of culture. As a foundation knowledge, they will be able to have a full grasp of what culture is all about. B. Learning Objectives: At the end of the module, the students shall be able to: Identify the different characteristics of culture; Explain each characteristic; and Cite examples that are reflective of the characteristics and elements. C. Topics: Characteristics of Culture Elements of Culture A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture D. Checking What I Already Know Observe your surroundings. Take at least 6 pictures of anything that you think is part of your culture and paste them in the table provided. Include a short explanation. Picture Explanation A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture E. Let’s Explore! Characteristics of Culture It is acquired through social interactions among the 1. Culture is Learned members of the community As it is acquired through socialization, 2. Culture is Shared common attributes among member is observed Cultural groups use objects that convey 3. Culture is Symbolic contextual meaning All segments of culture are interrelated and 4. Culture is Integrated interconnected Culture is influenced by the environment. 5. Culture and Nature Hence, culture varies because of environmental factors. Culture changes over time. Various factors 6. Culture is Dynamic may be attributed to the changes that may occur. Culture bears the ideals of the social group. 7. Culture is Idealistic This influences one's behavior. A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture Elements of Culture Elements of culture can be categorized into non-material and material culture. Category Elements Description 1. Symbols Images, objects, and other non-verbal communication cues that convey meaning exclusive to a particular social group. There could be a relative meaning to other groups especially to those with cultural relations. 2. Language Language is the vehicle of culture. It is use for transmission and communication. 3. Literature Source of community-based knowledge and beliefs Non-Material 4. Norms These are standards or expectations of the society. (Folkways, mores, and laws) 5. Attitudes External manifestation of beliefs. 6. Values The idea of good and bad 7. Rituals and Processes or actions that are repeatedly Ceremonies observed in specific socio-cultural events 8. Beliefs Mental pictures of what is good or bad, true or not 9. Social System The generality of a social group’s way of life 1. Tools Objects used in accomplishing human Material activities 2. Artifacts Concrete manifestation of cultural elements A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture F. Learning Activity I. Using the pictures that you pasted in the first activity, identify which characteristic/s does each picture conform to. Identify also which element does each one represent. Include a short description. Picture 1 Characteristic/s Description Element Picture 2 Characteristic/s Description Element A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture Picture 3 Characteristic/s Description Element Picture 4 Characteristic/s Description Element A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture Picture 5 Characteristic/s Description Element Teacher’s Comment: A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture G. Let’s Check! In a short paragraph, provide a comprehensive definition of culture based on its characteristics. Scoring Rubric: 5 4 3 2 Score Content Clarity Total Score A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture H. Self-Test I. Instruction: Cite an example for each characteristic of culture based on your experiences as a member of a social group/community. Make sure that your answer is anchored on the characteristic. (3 pts. each) Characteristic Experience Culture is learned Culture is shared Culture is symbolic Culture is integrated Culture and nature Culture is dynamic Culture is diealistic A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture II. Instruction: Cite an example for each element of culture based on your experiences as a member of a social group/community. Make sure that your answer represents the element. (1 pts. each) Category Elements Example Symbols 1. Language 2. Literature 3. Norms 4. Attitudes 5. Non-Material Values 6. Rituals and Ceremonies 7. Beliefs 8. Social System 9. Tools 10. Material Artifacts 11. I. Feedback Briefly express your thought about the module. Honestly comment on your learning experience. A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture References: IEduNote (2017). Culture: Definition, functions, characteristics, elements of culture. Retrieved from https://www.iedunote.com/culture Kottak, C. P. (2009). Cultural anthropology. (12th Ed.). New York: McGrac Hill. Miller, B.D. (2005). Cultural anthropology. (3rd Ed.). Singapore: Pearson Educational Inc. Spencer-Oatey, H. (2012) What is culture? A compilation of quotations. GlobalPAD Core Concepts. A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture MODULE 3 (Week 3) Types of Culture A. Introduction: Culture is a day-to-day part of one’s experience. It is embedded in our actions, thinking, and tools and instruments associated to our activities. In this module, the students will deal on the types of culture for them to be aware that everything the surrounds them is part of their culture. B. Learning Objectives: At the end of the module, the students shall be able to: Identify and differentiate the types culture; Identify the sub-types of culture; Give examples on each type of culture; and Explain the relationship of the types of culture. C. Topics: Natural and Cultural Heritage Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture D. Checking What I Already Know Describe the role/importance of what is depicted on each picture to culture, A. Camalig Restaurant Description B. Kulitan Writing System Description C. Religious Figures Description A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture D. Kitchen Equipment Description E. Cooking Technique Description F. Boats and Boating Description A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture E. Let’s Explore! As discussed in the previous modules, culture is a complex whole. It concerns not only abstract social phenomena but also the material things instrumental to the way people live. According to Zerrudo (2020) in his lecture titled “E-Pamanang Turismo Heritage and Development (Biglang Bumida si COVID10) How Na?”, culture starts with we call natural heritage. Heritage, in simplest explanation, is anything that is inherited or transmitted from one generation to another. Natural heritage pertains to the environment and the ecological features of a cultural community. As mentioned in the 2nd module, nature influences the culture of the people. Same principle is applied in the relationship between natural heritage and cultural heritage. Culture is heritage. Thus, cultural heritage. Cultural heritage is the totality of cultural property preserved and developed through time and passed to posterity (RA 10066 – National Cultural Heritage Act of 2006). United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) defines cultural heritage as the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributed of a group of society that are inherited from past generation, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generation. Natural Cultural Heritage Heritage A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture Cultural heritage can be viewed in two ways, the tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Tangible cultural heritage basically pertains to cultural property that can be touched such as kitchen tools, gadgets, clothes, appliances, jewelry, furniture, and even structures such as churches, houses, bridges, building, and a like. These are categorized into two – 1. Movable and 2. Immovable. Movable are those which can be transferred from one place to another, while immovable are those which have fixed location. Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) refers to the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge and skills, as well as the instruments, objects and artifacts associated therewith, that communities, groups and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage (RA 10066 – National Cultural Heritage Act of 2006). UNESCO provided five domains of ICH which are the following: 1. Oral traditions and expressions including language as a vehicle for ICH 2. Performing arts 3. Social practices, rituals and festive events 4. Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe 5. Traditional craftsmanship Other literatures include gastronomy as an additional domain of ICH to pay due respect on the role of food in one’s culture. CULTURAL HERITAGE Tangible Cultural Heritage Intangible Cultural Heritage Oral traditions and Movable Immovable expressions including language as a vehicle for ICH Performing arts Social practices, rituals and festive events Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe Traditional craftsmanship Grastonomy A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture F. Learning Activity I. Recollect the features of your community. Identify 5 natural heritage and 5 cultural heritage. Natural Heritage Cultural Heritage 1 2 3 4 5 II. In the 5 cultural heritage that you have identified, categorize each into tangible and intangible Tangible Intangible Teacher’s Comment: A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture G. Let’s Check! It is assumed that you have inherited something from your ancestors or from the community at large. Identify at least one cultural inheritance that you have acquired/received and explain its importance yourself or to the community and how you have treasured it through times. Scoring Rubric: 5 4 3 2 Score Content Clarity Total Score A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture H. Self-Test Cite one tangible and one intangible cultural heritage in your community. Provide a brief background for each heritage. TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE Scoring Rubric: 5 4 3 2 Score Content Clarity Total Score A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture I. Feedback Briefly express your thought about the module. Honestly comment on your learning experience. 1. References: Bezur, A., Lee, L., Loubser, M., & Trentelman. (2020). Handheld xrf in cultural heritage: A practical workbook for conservators. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getly Trust and Yale University. Kottak, C. P. (2009). Cultural anthropology. (12th Ed.). New York: McGrac Hill. Miller, B.D. (2005). Cultural anthropology. (3rd Ed.). Singapore: Pearson Educational Inc. Spencer-Oatey, H. (2012) What is culture? A compilation of quotations. GlobalPAD Core Concepts. Zerrudo, E. B. (2020). E-pamanang turismo heritage and development (biglang bumida si COVID10) how na?. Presented during the Department of Tourism Online Learning on May 7, 2020. A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture MODULE 4 (Week 4) Disciplines Related to Culture A. Introduction: Culture is a complex field. It requires a multi/interdisciplinary approach of study. That is why it is an imperative to tackle disciplines that contribute to the comprehensive study of culture. This module will present the different fields of social science and their relationship to culture. B. Learning Objectives: At the end of the module, the students shall be able to: Identify and describe the different fields of social science that are related to culture; Show the connection of the different fields of social science that are related to culture; and Expound the complexity of culture as a multi/interdisciplinary field. C. Topics: Disciplines Related to Culture ✓ Archeology ✓ Anthropology ✓ Linguistics ✓ Sociology ✓ History ✓ Geography ✓ Economics ✓ Education A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture D. Checking What I Already Know Based on our previous discussions, how may culture influence the way of life of the people? Write your answer on the box. Limit your answer in five sentences. A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture E. Let’s Explore! As a field of study, the complexity of culture does not end on its characteristics, elements, and types. In one way or another, culture has implications to the other fields of social science and vice versa. This multi/interdisciplinary nature of culture shows its scope vis-à-vis to all aspects of the humanity. It also presents that culture can be viewed not only as a social phenomenon but through scientific lenses. Let us look at the following disciplines that are related to culture. Scientific study of humans Anthropology Scientific study of material culture Education Archeology Process of transferring knowledge Scientific study of language Economics CULTURE Linguistics Scientific study of consumption, production, and trasnfer of wealth Scientific study of the society Geography Sociology Scientific study of places and the relationship of people and the environment History Scientific study of past events A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture F. Learning Activity I. Identify the discipline that the given example pertains to. Write your answer on the column provided. Situation Discipline Kapampangan language as the lingua 1 franca in Pampanga The school as the vehicle for cultural 2 transmission Abundance of fish because of the 3 adjacent river Children are expected to practice 4 pagmamano The celebration of fiestas are Spanish 5 influenced The set of jewelry found on the tomb of a 6 datu Humans are capable of organizing social 7 systems Trade and barter 8 Product in exchange of other products 9 (gold to porcelain) The emergences of Philippine English 10 Teacher’s Comment: A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture II. Read the article The Cultural Mapping Project of the Heritage City of Vigan Towards Building a Framework for Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development and give your reaction on the role of cultural heritage to sustainable development. Write a one-paragraph reaction with no more than 10 sentences. Teacher’s Comment: A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture G. Let’s Check! Briefly show the connection between the given discipline and culture. (10 pts. each) CULTURE Score ANTHROPOLOGY ARCHEOLOGY LINGUISTICS SOCIOLOGY HISTORY A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS EDUCATION Scoring Rubric: 5 4 3 2 Content Clarity A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture MODULE 5 (Week 5) Defining Nation and State A. Introduction: A group of people can be tagged in many ways. It can be called community, society, nation, or state. In this part of the course, the discussion will be focused on defining the concepts of nation and state vis-à-vis culture. The students will be presented with various definitions and explanations based on different contexts. The things that the students will learn from this module will be of great help in the discussion in the next module. B. Learning Objectives: At the end of the module, the students shall be able to: Define what nation and state are; Present the different context of nation and state; Compare and contrast nation/nationality and state/citizenship, a nation-state, a stateless-nation, and a state with many nations; and Cite examples of a nation, a state, a nation-state, a stateless-nation, and a state with many nations. C. Topics: Nation State Ethnicity Race Nationality/Nationhood Citizenship A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture D. Checking What I Already Know Using your existing knowledge, is the Philippines a nation, a state, or a nation-state? briefly explain your answer. Write your answer on the box provided PHILIPPINES A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture E. Let’s Explore! The terms nation and state are often read and heard in the governmental and political contexts. Unknown to many, nation and state are two very distinct concepts. NATION The concept of nation is cultural in nature. A nation is composed of a group of people with strong bond of identity because of their shared culture, history, beliefs, and language. People belonging in a nation see themselves as a cohesive, coherent, and distinct unit. Thus, the nationality of a person is primarily based on what cultural group he/she attributes him/herself. Typically, nationality is inherited since birth as this is revealed based on the nationality of the parents. This makes nationality related to race. The thin line that separate race to ethnicity is that race is rooted on the connection of a group of based on bloodline or decent – meaning, it is more of biological. On the other hand, ethnicity is similarly defined as what nationality is. It is basically bounded by shared culture. The proximity of the members of a nation is not issue. They may have a diaspora, but the binding culture among them remains intact. Based on context presented, what is your nationality? ONLINE WORK How did the Philippines as a nation exist? A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture STATE Let us go to state. State, on one hand, is a political concept. A state is a legal term for an administrative function and structure over a group of people in a given territory. It is basically composed of people, sovereignty, government, and territory. A member of a state is called citizen. This means that a person’s citizenship is bounded by legal matters and is political rights and responsibilities. Hence, the bond of a citizen in his or her state is through allegiance which is present on his/her constitutional mandate. Based on context presented, what is your citizenship? ONLINE WORK How did the Philippines as a state exist? A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture ONLINE WORK Cite one example for each of the following: 1. Nation 2. State 3. Stateless Nation 4. Nationless State 5. State with many nations Note: The teacher may give specific instructions on how to submit or present the output. A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture F. Learning Activity I. Using Venn diagram, compare and contrast nation and state. NATION STATE Teacher’s Comment: A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture II. Using Venn diagram, compare and contrast nationality and citizenship NATIONALITY CITIZENSHIP Teacher’s Comment: A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture G. Let’s Check! Express your reaction on the context that Philippines is a single nation despite of it being a multicultural state. Limit your answer to not more than 10 sentences. Scoring Rubric: 5 4 3 2 Score Content Clarity Total Score A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester  Kapampangan Culture H. Feedback Briefly express your thought about the module. Honestly comment on your learning experience. References: Kottak, C. P. (2009). Cultural anthropology. (12th Ed.). New York: McGrac Hill. Miller, B.D. (2005). Cultural anthropology. (3rd Ed.). Singapore: Pearson Educational Inc. n.a. (2016, July 28). Citizenship. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/citizenship. n.a. (n.d.). State, nation, and nation-state: Clarifying misused terminologies. Retrieved from https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog128/node/534. n.a. (n.d.). What is the difference between a nation and a state. Retrieved from https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/517/what-is-the-difference- between-a-nation-and-a-state. n.a. (n.d.). Citizenship | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human- sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/citizenship/ n.a. (n.d.). Race and ethnicity. Retrieved from https://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/terms/race.html on May 18, 2018. Paul, J. (n.d.). What is a nation?. Retrieved from https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/what-is-a-nation.html on May 15, 2018 A.Y. 2020 – 2021, 1st Semester