7th Grade Social Studies Study Guide PDF 2024/2025

7th Grade Social studies Study Guide Semester 1 Exam 2024/2025 Review Weeks: ONLY STUDY FROM THE TEXTBOOK Section 1: complete the sentences Lesson and page numbers. What is culture? Pg 71 Is the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a s...

7th Grade Social studies Study Guide Semester 1 Exam 2024/2025 Review Weeks: ONLY STUDY FROM THE TEXTBOOK Section 1: complete the sentences Lesson and page numbers. What is culture? Pg 71 Is the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group. Does the physical features of the Earth ever change? Pg 38 Yes, the physical features of the Earth do change. Tectonic plates move and cause changes such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and the reshaping of the Earth's surface. For example, divergent boundaries make seas wider, like the Red Sea, while convergent boundaries build mountains, like the Himalayas. Transform boundaries, like the San Andreas Fault, also cause changes by plates sliding past each other. What are 2 main branches of geography?1. Physical geography: Focuses on the natural features of the Earth, such as landforms, climate, ecosystems, and natural resources.2. Human geography: Studies the relationship between people and their environments, including topics like population, culture, urban development, and economic activities. The names given to the imaginary lines that run vertically and horizontally on Earth. Pg 6 Vertically: longitude  Horizontally: latitude What helps you understand the symbols on a map? The map key. Did volcanoes form many single mountains? Yes. Are mountains and earthquakes caused by the same force? Yes, they caused by tectonic plates movements. Section 2 multiple choice questions. ( Standard 3) Students will understand the interactions and relationship between human societies and their physical environment.. What is the ring of fire? Pg 41 A zone around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, is the location of the vast majority of active volcanoes.. Study latitudes and longitudes. Pg 6 LATITUDE LINES: To locate places north or south, geographers use a set of imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator. These lines are called latitude lines. The equator is designated as the zero-degree line for latitude. Lines north of the equator are called north latitude lines, and lines south of the equator are called south latitude lines. LONGITUDE LINES: To complete the grid system, geographers use a set of imaginary lines that go around the earth over the poles. These lines, called longitude lines, mark positions in the east and west hemispheres. The prime meridian is the zero-degree line for longitude. Each site on the earth can have only one absolute loca-tion. To find an absolute location using the grid system, you need to find the point where the latitude and longitude lines cross. For example, the absolute location of Melbourne, Australia, is 37° South latitude, 145° East lon-gitude.. What are some of the tools used by geographers? Pg 10 - Maps - Globes - mapmaking. What do geographers study? Pg 5 The world by looking at location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction.. Study the different types and maps and what they are used for. Pg 10 1.Physical maps: Show natural features like mountains, rivers, and lakes. 2.Political maps: Display countries, states, and boundaries. 3.Thematic maps: Focus on specific topics like climate or population.. What are tornadoes and how are they measured? Pg 51 - is a powerful funnel-shaped column of spiraling air. Measured by using Fujita scale.. What is a population pyramid? Pg 79 A graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population. Population pyramids help us understand population trends in countries. For example, population pyramids with wide bases have large percentages of young people, and the countries represented have rapidly growing populations. Section 3: matching What are the themes of geography? Be able to explain them. Pg 6 1.Location: Where a place is. Absolute: Exact coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude). Relative: Location in relation to other places. 2.Place: explains the characteristics of an area. 3.Region: This looks at a larger area with similar characteristics. 4. Human-Environment Interaction: humans interact with the environment to adjust to it or to alter it. 5.Movement: people, plants, animals and ideas move through time and across space. What is an asteroid pg 30 Asteroids are small planetary bodies that orbit the sun. There are an estimated 50,000 asteroids in our solar system. Asteroids range in size from 20 feet to 580 miles in diameter. Fragments of asteroids that reach the earth are called meteorites. What is the solar system? Pg 27 The solar system consists of the sun and eight regular planets, as well as other celestial bodies that orbit the sun. 'The solar system also contains comets, spheres covered with ice and dust that leave trails of vapor as they race through space. What is a biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere?pg 28 Biosphere: the part of earth where plants and animals live. Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding Earth, including oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.  Lithosphere: The solid, outer layer of Earth, including rocks, mountains, and soil. Hydrosphere: All the water on Earth, such as oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Section 4: Long answers - Compare globes and maps pg 10 Globe: is a three-dimensional representation of the Earth, showing it as it appears in space. It accurately represents the Earth’s shape, but since it’s spherical, you can only view one half of it at a time. Globes are not very practical for certain tasks because they are not easily portable. Maps: are two-dimensional representations of Earth’s surface. They are portable and can be drawn to any scale, making them very useful for a variety of purposes. However, the major disadvantage of maps is that distortion occurs when the round Earth is flattened to create a map..Types of maps and their functions. Pg 21 1.Physical maps: Show natural features like mountains, rivers, and lakes. 2.Political maps: Display countries, states, and boundaries. 3.Thematic maps: Focus on specific topics like climate or population.. What are the layers of the Earth and what are they made of? Pg 29 - core: center of the earth, made up of iron and nickel. The outer core is liquid, the inner core is solid.  - Mantle: surrounding the core, has several layers, contains most of the earth’s mass. Made of Semi-solid rock. - Crust: the thin layer of rock at earth’s surface. Made of solid rock.. What is a tsunami and what causes it? Pg 40 A tsunami is a giant wave in the ocean caused by an earthquake. It can travel at speeds of up to 450 miles per hour, producing waves of 50 to 100 feet or higher. Tsunamis are caused by the sudden displacement of the ocean floor during an earthquake, typically near the epicenter of the quake.. What is weathering and what are the different types? Pg 42 Weathering refers to the physical and chemical processes that change the characteristics of rock on or near the Earth's surface. It occurs slowly over many years or even centuries and creates smaller pieces of rock called sediment (mud, sand, or silt). The two types of weathering are: 1. Mechanical Weathering: This process breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition, only their size. Examples include the expansion of ice crystals in cracks, plant roots breaking rocks, and human activities like road construction or mining. 2. Chemical Weathering: This process changes the chemical composition of the rock, though it is not explicitly discussed in the paragraph you provided.. What is cultural diffusion? Pg 72 Cultural diffusion is the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior from one society to another when people or their ideas come into contact with each other. This process can occur quickly in the modern age, facilitated by technology such as television and the Internet.. What is carrying capacity? Pg 82 Carrying capacity is the maximum number of organisms or people that a piece of land can support. It depends on factors such as the quality of the land, available resources, and the level of technology used to manage the land. For example, regions with fertile land and advanced farming techniques can support more people, while areas with poor soil or limited resources may support fewer people.. What are asteroids, what are they made of and where are they? Pg 30 Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun. They are made of rock, metal, or a combination of both. Most asteroids are found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.. What are some advantages of culture? Pg 71 1. It helps solve common human problems, such as food, shelter, and protection. 2. It acts as a blueprint for behavior, guiding how people should act to fit in with their group. 3. It creates a sense of identity and belonging to a specific group. 4. It separates one group from another by shared customs, language, and heritage. 5. It influences relationships, education, religion, and creative expression. Section 5. What are the 5 themes of geography? Know how to explain them. Pg 8 and 9. 1.Location: Where a place is. Absolute: Exact coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude). Relative: Location in relation to other places. 2.Place: explains the characteristics of an area. 3.Region: This looks at a larger area with similar characteristics. 4. Human-Environment Interaction: humans interact with the environment to adjust to it or to alter it. 5.Movement: people, plants, animals and ideas move through time and across space.. What is population growth and what affects it? Pg 78 Population growth is the increase in the number of people in the world. It is affected by factors such as improved food production, better sanitation, and more women reaching childbearing age. Birthrates and fertility rates also play a significant role in population growth. A higher birthrate and fertility rate contribute to faster population growth, while lower rates can slow it down.. Oldest map in the world and where it was located. Pg 10 Babylonian, was found in Sippar, an ancient city in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq).. What does a GPS do and what is the full meaning? Pg 13 A GPS (Global Positioning System) helps determine the exact position on the Earth's surface, including latitude, longitude, altitude, and time. It uses a series of 30 satellites called Navstars that beam information to handheld receivers, which people use for navigation and tracking purposes.. What are tectonic plates and how will you describe how they affect the earth? Pg 38 Tectonic plates are large pieces of Earth's lithosphere that move in different ways, causing changes on the Earth's surface. They move through four main types of motion: 1. Spreading (moving apart), 2. Subduction(one plate diving under another), 3. Collision (plates crashing into each other), 4. Sliding past(plates moving in a shearing motion). The three types of plate boundaries are: 1. Divergent boundary: Plates move apart, like between Saudi Arabia and Egypt, making the Red Sea wider. 2. Convergent boundary: Plates collide, like the Indian plate crashing into Asia to form the Himalayas. 3. Transform boundary: Plates slide past each other, like the San Andreas Fault in North America.