Junior Red Cross Handbook PDF

 INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY HAS BEEN AWARDED NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR 4 TIMES 1901 Henry Dunant was awarded 1st Nobel Peace Prize 1917 International Committee of the Red Cross awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1944 International Committee of the Red Cross awarded Nobel...

 INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY HAS BEEN AWARDED NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR 4 TIMES 1901 Henry Dunant was awarded 1st Nobel Peace Prize 1917 International Committee of the Red Cross awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1944 International Committee of the Red Cross awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1963 International Committee of the Red Cross & League Jointly awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1 / The Red Cross  Chairman’s Message The Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch has come a long way since its establishment in 1921. The 100 year long journey of spreading humanitarian values was made possible by the tireless efforts of our members and volunteers. A movement originally created to provide aid during war times has adapted its principles to contribute to humanity’s development during peace times. The focus is on promoting health through awareness programs and community initiatives, providing relief during natural disasters and improving overall well-being of society. Today, the world is changing at a rapid pace and we are hurrying along in our lives to catch up with the fast- paced environment. In the process, people tend to forget their roots, values and their fellow human beings. We have become a cog in the global machine and have lost our identity. It is only when we pause for a moment and take in the beauty and pain around us that we realize our place in this world. 2 / The Red Cross  As the future of the second most populated country in the world, children determine the direction of our society’s growth. Their malleable mind, when filled with positive and ethical thoughts, builds the responsible citizen of tomorrow. Hence, it becomes imperative to educate them on moral and humanitarian teachings drawing from both cultural and modern values. The Junior Red Cross wing of Karnataka State Branch takes on this important responsibility. It is engaged in reaching as many school children as possible and inculcating the principles of Red Cross. I congratulate all the Junior Red cross members and volunteers who actively contribute to this noble cause and endeavour to leave no child behind. My message to our children is “Remember the fundamental principles of Red Cross – Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity and Universality. Strive to incorporate these principles in every aspect of your life and join us in spreading this message to build an inclusive and peaceful world.” Sri Vijaykumar Patil Shavanthgera Chairman Indian Red Cross Society Karnataka State Branch 3 / The Red Cross  Vice Chairman’s Message Our education system focuses solely on imparting subject knowledge from textbooks to students. This trend creates leaders and citizens who are disconnected from their emotions and humanitarian duties. Individuals focus on their personal development while forgetting the suffering of others and society at large. What they often forget is that we truly grow only when the world grows with us. To ensure progress of humanity as one, it is vital that children integrate this attitude in their lives and set the future on the right track. It is our collective responsibility to ensure they grow up to be compassionate citizens and build resilient communities. Junior Red Cross unit under the Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch, aims to impart moral and cultural education to school children promoting values of life, patriotism, discipline and heritage. While it initially targeted high schools, it has now expanded to include PU colleges under the recommendations of the Government of Karnataka. An order has been issued by the GoK to register all high 4 / The Red Cross schools and PU colleges (Government, Aided, Unaided and Private) in the state under this programme. The objective of the programme is to sow humanitarian principles & patriotism in young minds and enhance their skill sets by training them in first aid, disaster management, personal hygiene, patience, discipline, Patriotism and other social responsibilities. It intends to teach children skills that will enable them to manage their lives effectively, stay healthy, improve psychological morale, boost confidence and turn them into confident youth with the ability to contribute substantially to society’s progress. The Junior Red Cross examination conducted annually builds awareness on the history, principles and activities of Red Cross. I commend the efforts of everyone who played a part in promoting our activities and keeping the spirit of Red Cross alive. I say to the young minds reading this book “It takes a few hours to contribute to a noble cause but the effects of this action leaves behind a footprint that lasts forever. What maybe a small gesture of humanity for you, will become a life changing moment for the beneficiaries. I urge you to play an active part in society, contribute to its well-being, and become the sculptors of the future.” Sri Anand S. Jigajinni Vice Chairman, Indian Red Cross Society Karnataka State Branch 5 / The Red Cross  Hon’ble Treasurer’s Message Dear Junior Red Cross Members, As we continue our journey together, I want to remind you how powerful your actions can be. Each one of you has the ability to make a difference in the lives of others. Remember, even the smallest gesture of kindness can create a ripple effect that inspires change. Whether you’re volunteering, raising awareness, or simply spreading compassion, your efforts contribute to a brighter world. Embrace every opportunity to learn, grow, and serve. Let’s continue to support each other and work together to create positive change in our communities. Keep up the great work, and don’t hesitate to share your ideas for future projects! Your passion and dedication are what make the Junior Red Cross a force for good in our communities. Keep pushing forward, supporting one another, and striving to be the best versions of yourselves. 6 / The Red Cross  Together, we can overcome challenges and spread hope. Let’s continue to work hard, dream big, and make a positive impact! Stay motivated and keep shining! Sri Yathish Baikampady Hon’ble Treasurer, Indian Red Cross Society Karnataka State Branch, Bengaluru 7 / The Red Cross  CONTENTS Chapter Subject Page No. i The Birth of Red Cross 9 ii Life History of Jean Henry Dunant 18 iii Geneva Conventions 22 iv International Red Cross Its Organisation 32 v Red Cross Principles 39 vi Red Cross Emblem 42 vii Disasters & Preparedness 47 viii Indian Red Cross Society 53 ix Indian Red Cross Society (Karnataka State Branch) 59 x Junior Red Cross & Youth Red Cross 67 xi FirstAid 84 xii Self Hygiene 91 xiii School Safety 95 xiv Covid-19 Virus 100 xv Adolescents Problems 105 xvi Independent Life 112 xvii Interpersonal Relationships 114 xviii Advantage of the Internet & Gadgets 117 xix Road Safety Measures 119 xx About Cancer Awareness 122 8 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER I The Birth of Red Cross The Battle of Solferino: The story of Red Cross is an interesting episode in human history and it began in a place where there was an inhuman battle that was fought on 24th June 1859. The combined armies of France and Italy were on one side and the Austrian army were on the other side. Napoleon III commanded the combined armies of France and Italy and more than three Lakh people fought the battle. The battle at ‘Solferino’ on 24th June 1859, was a bitter one and was fought for over 15 hours and in the end, the whole battlefield was strewn with the dead and wounded. In those days, the armies had very few hospitals and doctors and this was insufficient to look after the wounded soldiers and give them treatment. 9 / The Red Cross  By sunset, “Jean Henry Dunant”, a Swiss National started rendering his support & help did what he could do to the wounded soldiers. With the help of local villagers, he picked the wounded and brought them in ox-carts to Castiglione and put them in private homes, churches, monasteries and barracks. Henry Dunant was a Swiss merchant. He had come to meet Napoleon to obtain permission to run 10 / The Red Cross corn mills in Algeria. He had, on his way seen the injured in the battlefield. He heard the groans of the wounded. He organized a band of volunteers to give medical relief. Among the wounded, there were people of all Nationalities. As days passed by, people forgot about the battle that was fought so ferociously. But to Dunant the agonizing scene made such an impression in his mind 11 / The Red Cross that he thought that two things were necessary to prevent future suffering in human race. 1. An International Organization of Volunteers formed in advance in all countries during peacetime, which should go into action immediately on the outbreak of war to help the wounded in the battlefield, irrespective of Nationality. 2. To make this work possible, Nations must sign an international treaty declaring the wounded soldiers, the doctors and others as Neutrals. He published a book called ‘The Memory of Solferino’ and distributed the copies to Heads of States, Journalists and Welfare Institutions all over the World. After reading this wonderful book, a charitable institution in Geneva called Geneva Public Welfare Society promised to help Dunant in his mission. A committee consisting of five persons with Dunant as its Secretary was formed to find ways and means of achieving the objective. The members were : 12 / The Red Cross  General G. Henry Dufour - President  Mr. Gustave Moynier - Vice President  Dr. Theodore Mamnoir - Member  Dr. Louis Appia - Member  Mr. Henry Dunant - Secretary General Henry Dufour was a retired Commander in Chief of Federal army of Switzerland. Mr. Moynier was a social worker and the others were Doctors & well known Surgeons. The committee met on 17th February 1863 and decided to convene an International Conference at Geneva in October 1863 to form an organization. Later Dunant toured the German speaking States in Europe, Russia, Bavaria, Austria etc., where he met kings and ministers who promised to help him. Dunant travelled all over the World and met the prominent persons to secure their support for the plans. As a result of his efforts leaders of other Nations met at an International Conference in Geneva on 26th October 1863 to discuss the proposals. 13 / The Red Cross General Dufour presided over it. Delegates of 16 Countries attended this conference. It was decided at this conference to set up an International Organizations called The Society for Aid to Wounded Soldiers and the society later came to be called the “Red Cross Society”. First, it was felt that each nation should have a voluntary organization in peacetime alone, so that when hostilities break out this organization would gear up and switch on to wartime activities without any loss of time. Giving relief to the wounded soldiers in times of war was the main objective of this organization. Secondly, it was agreed that workers engaged in providing this relief should be considered as neutrals since they would not take part in the war. It was considered that an Emblem of a Red Cross on a white background was a suitable sign to represent such neutrals engaged in providing relief to the wounded in the battlefield. And this sign on a badge and on a flag was adopted under which the Red Cross Volunteers could work. The National flag of Switzerland has a white cross on a red background. Since Henry Dunant also 14 / The Red Cross belonged to Switzerland and by reversing these colours i.e., a red cross on a white background, the conference felt that it was indirectly paying tribute to Switzerland. It was also felt that similar organization ought to exist in all nations and an International Committee was appointed to organize National Committees in various countries. These National committees were the Executive bodies to the National Red Cross Societies in different countries. The committee of five members requested the Swiss Government to convene an International Conference consisting of representatives from other Nations. Accordingly, the Swiss Government convened a diplomatic conference, which was held on 8th May 1864. After deliberations carried out for about two weeks, the suggestion to recognize the National and International Societies were accepted by all participating Countries. A draft treaty called the First Geneva Convention was signed on 12th August 1864 by 12 nations. According to this Convention, it was binding on the countries engaged in war. 15 / The Red Cross   To give medical assistance to the sick and the wounded soldiers in times of war irrespective of their Nationality.  To consider that army medical personnel, ambulance and hospital in which they work, and the auxiliary staff attending on them as Neutrals and to guarantee their safety.  To recognize the Red Cross symbol on a white background as a protective symbol. At this conference the name of International Committee of Five was changed to International Committee of the Red Cross. Today, there are more than 192 Nations who have established National Red Cross Societies in their countries all over the world in different names and styles like Red Crescent, Red Lion, Sun Society etc., In the following years Dunant was actively associated with the formation of the Red Cross and it was largely due to his efforts. In the First Geneva Convention, the below mentioned principles were accepted. The Emblem: For the protection of the volunteers on the battlefield the conference prescribed 16 / The Red Cross a distinctive badge to be worn by them, a Red Cross on a white background. It is formed by the reversion of the colours of the Swiss flag, which is a white cross on a red background. All the four arms of the cross are equal to one another. The Red Cross symbol is displayed on flags and on all equipments used by the medical services. Persons and articles displaying Red Cross emblems have to be considered as neutrals and be protected according to the Geneva Conventions. It is interesting to note that the National Society for Aid to Wounded Soldiers was formed within 2 months of the International conference. In 1867, the Netherlands Society came into existence with the name Red Cross Society. Gradually this became a practice for other National Societies. By 1878, all the National Societies named themselves as Red Cross Societies. In 1880 the Geneva Committee of five, which was still then called International Committee for Aid to wounded soldiers officially took its present name: International Committee of the Red Cross.  17 / The Red Cross CHAPTER II LIFE HISTORY OF JEAN HENRY DUNANT Founder of Red Cross (1 Nobel Prize Winner for Peace in the year 1901) st Jean Henry Dunant was born on May 8th 1828 in Geneva, Switzerland. He inherited his father’s interest in business and his mother’s deep religious convictions. As a boy, he used to visit with his mother the houses of poor families and give articles of food, medicines to the aged and sick. Henry Dunant’s father Jean Jacque Dunant was a social worker too. In college Dunant was a brilliant student and yet he did not complete his studies to obtain a degree. To him work was more important than study and helping people was always his aim. Dunant was a Fluent speaker. He and his friends were interested in religious discussions. They formed such religious groups in other parts of 18 / The Red Cross Switzerland and later in other countries. In 1844, Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) was started in England and Dunant and his friends began calling their religious groups after the name of Y.M.C.A. Dunant was anxious to build up a career for himself. He entered into service in a big bank in Geneva. In 1853, he was sent to Algeria in North Africa by the bank authorities as Cashier of a new business which was started by them. Even in Algeria, as a member of Y.M.C.A. Dunant carried his mission of service. His interest in religion now turned more towards humanitarian work, particularly against slavery. Being a member of the Y.M.C.A. he persuaded the Y.M.C.A. groups to take up the cause of the slaves and later proposed the formation of World Federation of Young Men’s Christian Association, and he suggested an International conference to be convened in Paris for the purpose of forming the World Federation. During the Franco Prussian war in 1870 and 1871 Dunant advised the French Government to create 19 / The Red Cross neutralization of few towns, where the wounded and sick soldiers could be sheltered. Even in these adverse circumstances Henry Dunant was always thinking of relief to the distressed and he drew up a plan for the betterment of the prisoners of war, which later on in 1929 formed the basis of the Third Geneva Convention. He also sponsored proposals for the protection of the sick and wounded at sea. Around a period from 1876, he was in severe poverty and leading a very difficult life. He disappeared from the vision of people. He was found in the small town of Heiden, Eastern Switzerland again serving people in the year 1887. In 1895, a journalist who came to Heiden to see Dunant sought an interview and gave him wide publicity. The greatest honor in the history of humanity came to him in 1901, when he was awarded the “First Nobel Prize” for peace. The International Committee of Red Cross sent this message from Geneva, “There is no other man, who deserves this honor more than you. It was you who dedicated your 40 years of life in becoming the stepping stone to start a 20 / The Red Cross International Organization, Which aims to provide relief to the wounded soldiers at the battlefield. In the era of 19th century without you, the supreme achievement of establishing a humanitarian organization would never be possible”. Until his death, he continued his selfless service in a charitable hospital.On Sunday the 30th October 1910, Jean Henry Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross, who had saved millions through his compassion passed away at Heiden. Henry Dunant once wrote that his ideas could be expressed in three simple words; “People helping People”. These words express just what Red Cross has been doing. By its helpful services Red Cross has become a source of universal hope and comfort. Red Cross has become a full time service organization serving at both war time as well as peace time activities. All over the World, 8th May, the birthday of Jean Henry Dunant, is observed as World Red Cross Day every year.  21 / The Red Cross CHAPTER III GENEVA CONVENTIONS Until 1864 there was no permanent treaty binding Nations. There were some temporary agreements between two Nations to protect the defeated Army or Nursing the wounded soldiers. Dunant was responsible for the signing of the First Geneva Convention incorporating the principles of the Red Cross, which was signed by 12 Nations on 12th August, 1864. During subsequent years, wars were still being fought and problems that arise due to wars were solved. These were incorporated in subsequent conventions. The Second Geneva Convention was signed on 6th July 1906 and it dealt with victims involved in the Naval Warfare. The Third Geneva Convention was signed on 12th July 1929 and it included treatment of prisoners 22 / The Red Cross of war. Finally, the Fourth Geneva Convention was signed on 12th August 1949. It was the civilian population involved in war that received its attention. THE FIRST GENEVA CONVENTION:- This was intended to protect the sick and wounded soldiers on the battlefield. Some of the main provisions are as follows. 1. The sick and the wounded on the battlefield should be found, protected and medical treatment should be given, without any distinction of Nationality. 2. The dead have to be searched for and information about them has to be given to the Red Cross. 3. Wounded soldiers and troops that surrender should not be attacked. 4. The ambulance, medical personnel, hospital staff should not be attacked and shall be treated as Neutrals and their safety should be guaranteed. 5. The Red Cross symbol on a white background has to be recognized as the protective symbol. 23 / The Red Cross  6. The hospital and other establishments protected by this sign cannot be used in any other way to support the war effort by the fighting forces. 7. The Military authorities would be in charge of maintaining the record of sick and wounded / dead Soldiers and inform the same to the Opposition army through an intermediate agency called Central Prisoners of War Agency. 8. The army can take the assistance of the civilian population and relief organizations in occupied areas to find the wounded and provide care to them. The persons nursing the wounded should not be molested or convicted. 9. Army priests have to be protected. THE SECOND GENEVA CONVENTION :- In this convention, the provisions of the First Geneva convention were extended to protect the sick and the wounded in naval warfare. It was also made applicable to ship wrecked persons as well. 24 / The Red Cross THE THIRD GENEVA CONVENTION :- This is meant for the welfare of the prisoners of war. 1. The prisoners of war should be accommodated in a safe place. They should be provided with good food and clothing, Medical facilities should be given when required and they also should be given the freedom of worship according to their faith. 2. They should be provided with the facilities as prescribed in the Scheduled correspondence. 3. The Prisoners of war should be treated with respect regardless of their sex. 4. The prisoners of war have to give their details such as Name, Address, Proof of Identity and Particulars of regiment etc. 5. International committee of Red Cross must have the facilities to distribute relief materials to them. 6. Representatives of International Committee of Red Cross must be given access to visit prisoners of war in their camps and talk to them 25 / The Red Cross  in private to consult them about actual living conditions and enquire about their grievances etc. 7. They should be protected against inhuman treatments. They should not be used for any experimental purpose and without conducting proper enquiry, they should not be executed. 8. They must be subjected to medical examination once in every 6 months. 9. The prisoners of war can be used as labourers and considering their age, sex, and Grade different types of work can be assigned. 10. The Prisoners of war must be paid for their work according to their Grades. 11. The prisoners of war are permitted to elect their own representative by secret ballot system once in every six months. The selected candidates will be representing the prisoners of war in front of the military officers and the International committee of Red Cross. 26 / The Red Cross THE FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION:- This relates to the safety of civilian population during the war. It is the responsibility of the occupying army to protect them. 1. Creation of Safety Zones:- The hospitals and areas are established in a organized manner to protect wounded soldiers, aged persons, children under 15 years of age, expectant mothers and mothers of children under 7 years of age, from the effects of war. The warring parties in the besieged or encircled area should not attack the wounded soldiers, the 27 / The Red Cross  sick, the aged, children and maternity cases and also they should allow priests, doctors, medical equipment, etc., 2. Civil Hospitals which treat the sick and wounded people, aged and maternity cases should not be attacked. Medical Personnel working in such civil hospitals should have the freedom to work. 3. Relief Articles: Medical equipments & hospital materials & things related to religious worship should be allowed without objection. 28 / The Red Cross 4. Child Welfare: Children under 15 years of age who are orphans or separated from their families, should be taken care by giving them the required, education and other facilities. 5. Family News : People who are under occupation should be allowed to communicate the news of their well being to relatives living away from them. 6. Protected Persons : A Protected person is one who at the outbreak of war remains in the hands of the warring party or army of occupation and does not belong to either of warring nationalities.  Protected people must be permitted to continue their religious pursuits and are entitled to their rights and humane treatment.  Protected people shall have the facility to apply to the protecting power with International Committee of Red Cross or the National Red Cross Society to Protect them. 29 / The Red Cross   Protected people should not be forced to give any information that he may be aware of.  Plundering or looting of property is prohibited. 7. Foreigners : The foreigners belonging to the enemy living in a country at the time of out break of war are permitted to leave the country. They can also be interned by the warring nations. In this case, they should receive relief, medical attention and hospitalization, if needed. 8. Displacement of protected people from an occupied territory of deportation to the territory of the occupying power is prohibited. 9. The occupying power should ensure smooth running of establishments for the care and education of children. 10. The occupying power is responsible for the maintenance of law and order. 30 / The Red Cross  11. The occupying power should ensure adequate supply of food and other articles to the citizens of the occupied territory. 12. Destruction of private property is forbidden. 13. The National Red Cross Society should be allowed to give relief articles to the people and to carry on its humanitarian work. 14. The civilian internees cannot be forced to work. These Conventions are applicable during rebellions or civil wars that occur in any country.  31 / The Red Cross CHAPTER IV INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS ITS ORGANISATION The organization chart of International Red Cross is a complex one. International Red Cross is the collective name for the International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC), National Red Cross Societies and the International Federation of Red Cross. These three bodies, though different in their composition and functions are held together by the International Red Cross Conference. The International Red Cross Conference is the supreme authority of the Red Cross. The International Red Cross Conference lays down the principles of the organization as a whole and issues instructions to the constituent bodies to carry out the work allotted to them. The conference meets once in four years. It consists of representatives of the Red Cross Societies 32 / The Red Cross and Governments that are parties to the Geneva Convention. To know the organization of International Red Cross, we have to know the nature and functions of these Five institutions. 1. International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) 2. National Red Cross Societies 3. International Federation of Red Cross Societies 4. International Red Cross Conference 5. Standing Commission of the International Red Cross. 1 INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC) The International Committee of the Red Cross is a non governmental, non political, non religious & independent organization. It has its head quarters at Geneva in Switzerland, a Country which has all along been neutral. It is composed exclusively of Swiss citizens and consists of members not exceeding 25 members. These 25 Swiss citizens are the country’s most important personalities. These members are not nominated by Government nor are they elected. They are all co-opted. 33 / The Red Cross  The Committee elects its own President. When any member dies, his place is taken by another Swiss citizen. The world International does not mean that the Committee is composed of citizens of many countries. It only means that the International committee is spread globally. 2. NATIONAL RED CROSS SOCIETIES : The XVII International Red Cross Conference held in Stockholm in 1948 laid down 10 conditions which must be fulfilled by a National Red Cross Society before it is recognized by the International Committee of Red Cross. Some of the important conditions are: 1. The country should be an independent country which has access to the Geneva Convention. 2. It should be the only National Red Cross Organization in the Country. 3. It should be recognized by the Government of the Country, as its auxiliary relief organization. 4. It should be independent to the government, that means it has to work independently. 5. It should extend the benefits of its services to the people of its country without discriminating religion, colour, political beliefs etc., 34 / The Red Cross  During normal times the burden of humanitarian work is the responsibility of the National Red Cross Society and the three main objectives are:  Promotion of health  Prevention of disease  Mitigation of suffering 3. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS SOCIETIES : The League is an International Federation of all the National Red Cross, Red Crescent and Red Lion and Sun Societies. It was established on 5th May 1919 in Paris for the purpose of mutual co-operation and to assist the National Societies in their varied activities, particularly in the field of improvement of health, prevention of disease and mitigation of suffering. 4. INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS CONFERENCE: The supreme authority of Red Cross is the International Red Cross Conference, which usually meets once in 4 years. According to convention head of the country’s National society where the conference takes place will also be the head for the conference. It is composed of : 35 / The Red Cross  1. The International Committee of Red Cross. 2. The League of the Red Cross Society. 3. Representatives from all the National Red Cross, Red Crescent, Red Lion and Sun Societies. 4. Representatives from all the Governments that have signed the Geneva Conventions. 5. STANDING COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS: The Standing Commission is composed of 9 members. Its functions are: 1. To make arrangements for holding the next International Conference in collaboration with the National Red Cross Society and to draw up the agenda. 2. To bring harmony between the International committee of Red Cross and the league between the time period of two conferences 36 / The Red Cross International Red Cross & Red Crescent movement is made up as the following. The International Committee of Red Cross is an Impartial, neutral and independent organization whose humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence and to provide them with assistance. It directs and coordinates the International relief activities conducted by the Movement in situations of conflict. It also endeavours to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles, Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies work on the basis of the Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement to inspire, facilitate and promote all humanitarian activities carried out by its member National Societies to improve the situation of the most vulnerable people. Founded in 1919, the Federation directs and coordinates international health emergencies. It acts as the official representative of its member Societies in the International field. It promotes cooperation between National Societies, and works to strengthen their capacity to carry out effective disaster preparedness, health and social programmes. 37 / The Red Cross  National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies embody the work and principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in more than 192 countries. National Societies act as auxiliaries to the public authorities of their own countries in the humanitarian field and provide a range of services including disaster relief, health and social programmes. During wartime, National Societies assist the affected civilian population and support the army medical services. 38 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER v RED CROSS PRINCIPLES During war the Red Cross endeavours to induce to act according to the fundamental principles laid down by the Geneva conventions held in October, 1965 at Vienna. Though the Red Cross has no powers to stop wars it attempts to build up a society where all are considered as brothers. If this thought has to be realized it is the duty of every one of us to support Red Cross and act according to the following fundamental principles of Red Cross in times of war and peace. Humanity : Red Cross is born of desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battle field. It endeavours, in the international capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its prime purpose is to protect life, health and to ensure respect for the human beings. 39 / The Red Cross It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, co-operation and lasting peace amongst all people. Impartiality : It makes no discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. Neutrality : To protect the confidence that people have in Red Cross. It may not take sides in hostilities, or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature. Independence : Red Cross is International and independent. The National societies while being auxiliaries in the humanitarian services of their own governments are subjected to the laws of their own autonomy so that they may be able at all times to act in accordance with Red Cross Principles. Voluntary Service : The Red Cross is a voluntary relief organization. It does not work for any profit. 40 / The Red Cross Unity : There can be only one Red Cross Society in any country. It must be open to all and it must carry on its humanitarian work throughout its country. Universality : The Red Cross is a world wide institution in which all societies have equal status and they Share equal responsibilities and duties in helping others.  41 / The Red Cross CHAPTER VI RED CROSS EMBLEM 1. What is Red Cross emblem? It is used by those people belonging to the Red Cross Movement and Army Medical Services who are involved in humanitarian work mainly in times of armed conflicts and Natural Disasters. It is not the emblem of medical professionals and its use is regulated by International and National laws. 2. Why was the Red Cross emblem adopted in 1864 at the First Embassy Level Conference in Geneva? During the Embassy Level Conference in 1864, to identify the relief medical committee and army Medical Services, Red Cross adopted a Neutral Red Cross sign and the same was approved by the conference. It was adopted to facilitate access to the wounded soldiers 42 / The Red Cross and other victims of war, so that much needed assistance could reach them in time. Red Cross on white background, which is formed by reversing the colors of the Swiss Federal flag was adopted to pay tribute to Switzerland which played a key role in establishing National relief societies and convening the First Geneva Conference. The Geneva Conventions of 1949, which now forms the basis of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), retained this emblem, besides recognizing two more symbols; the Red Crescent and the Red Lion and Sun on a white background. 3. What is the significance of the Red Cross emblem? The approved Red Cross Emblem in the Geneva Conventions has become a universally known and legally sanctioned neutral sign to identify people to protect themselves in situations of armed conflict, i.e., the armed forces medical units, the chaplains and the relief committees. They are in the battlefield exclusively for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick soldiers and other victims of war and are protected from all kinds of hostile military action 43 / The Red Cross under International Humanitarian Law. The Red Cross emblem is expected in International Humanitarian law to stimulate a reflex of restraint and respect from the combatants in the battlefield. Use and repression of misuse of Red Cross emblem is regulated by International and National laws. When the components of the Red Cross Movement use this emblem, it signifies the seven fundamental Principles, which underlie their humanitarian and relief activities in situations of armed conflicts and Natural disasters. 4. Who are the authorized users?  The military medical services, their personnel, units, installations and means of transport.  International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).  The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (The Federation).  National Societies.  First aid centre that offers totally free medical assistance and are authorized by their National society. 44 / The Red Cross 5. What constitutes misuse of the emblem? Following acts are considered as misuse of the emblem:  Use of the emblem by those who are not authorized by the laws. (1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols of 1977 and Geneva Conventions Act 1960 of India)  Improper use of the emblem by those who are authorized to use it.  Imitation of Red Cross emblem by using a symbol similar to it.  Perfidious use of the emblem to betray the confidence of adversary in a military action. 6. What is the Indian national law regulating the use of the emblem? The Indian law regulating the use of the emblem is called the Geneva Conventions Act. The Parliament of India made this act in 1960. Chapter IV of this Act deals with the abuse of the Red Cross emblem. Section 12 and section 13 of this chapter makes unauthorized use of the Red Cross emblem or its imitation a punishable offence. 45 / The Red Cross 7. What is the punishment for such abuse of the emblem in India? The Punishment is a fine of Rs. 500, besides the provision for forfeiture of the goods or vehicles on which the emblem has been used without authorization.  46 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER VII DISASTERS & PREPAREDNESS Disaster means a Catastrophe, mishap, Calamity or grave occurrence affecting any area from natural and manmade causes or by accident or negligence, which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property or damage to or degradation of environment. FACTORS LEADS TO DISASTER:- 1. Meteorological 2. Geological 3. Ecological/Environmental 4. Technological etc. TYPES OF DISASTER :- 1. Natural 2. Man Made 47 / The Red Cross 1. Natural Disaster :- a. Earthquake. f. Drought b. Cyclones g. Flash flood c. Floods h. Landslides d. Epidemic i. Pest Attacks e. Tsunami j. Cloudbursts 2. Man Made Disaster :- a. Communal Riots g. Serial Bomb Blast b. Fire Accidents h. Terrorist Attacks c. Road Accidents i. Train Accident d. Industrial Disasters j. Leakages of Gas e. Chemical Disasters k. Plane Crash f. Technological Disasters l. War 48 / The Red Cross DISASTER MANAGEMENT :- Collective actions taken before, during and after disaster to predict, reduce or cope with the impact of Disaster. Disaster management is divided into four major parts: 1. Disaster Response 2. Rehabilitation 3. Risk reduction or Mitigation 4. Disaster Preparedness 1. Disaster Response:- Activities that take place when a disaster strikes to reduce loss of life, to minimize disability and to deliver relief assistance as quickly as possible to the affected people, which includes:- 49 / The Red Cross  a. Search and rescue b. Providing First Aid service c. Emergency supply of water, food and medicines d. Steps to prevent epidemics e. Provisions of Temporary shelters f. Restoring family links. 2. Rehabilitation :- Measures taken after the disaster to return the community to normal. A. Social Rehabilitation (a) Welfare centre (b) Reconstruction of health care facilities B. Economic Rehabilitation (a) Incentive (food and work) (b) Distribution of livelihood kits (c) Financial Support (d) Temporary Housing 50 / The Red Cross C. Psychological Rehabilitation (a) Counseling (b) Meet primary needs and support 3. Risk reduction or Mitigation : It is the long term measures taken before a disaster to lessen its effect on the communities in disaster prone areas, which includes; a. Strengthening of existing buildings and infrastructures. b. Build flood walls or elevated structures in flood prone areas. c. Building cyclone shelters. d. Organizing public awareness programs. 4. Disaster Preparedness: Preparing measures to make community resilient to cope with the disasters and on how to respond quickly and effectively before a disaster can take place which includes a. Identifying disaster prone areas in the community. b. Develop early warning systems through emergency communication systems. 51 / The Red Cross c. Formation of rescue teams. d. Community based First Aid Training. e. To have warehouse with stocks of non perishable relief materials. f. Development of information flow channels. g. Preparedness Plans. The Indian Red Cross Society plays a very crucial role in Disaster management which includes: a. Deputing the volunteers to extend the services to the needy. b. Deputing team of Doctors and Para medicals for immediate Health care and also to take steps to prevent epidemics. c. Mobilize relief materials and donations and sending to the affected areas through authenticated, designated personnel.  52 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER VIII INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY The Indian Red Cross Society is one of the largest and oldest International humanitarian organization in the country. It is known for its work in Disaster response, health care services, Blood Center services, Junior and Youth Red Cross activities. Indian Red Cross Society was established in 1920 under the Indian Red Cross Society Act.- Parliament Act of XV 1920 with its Headquarters at New Delhi. India has 28 States, 8 Union 53 / The Red Cross Territories and One National Capital Territory region. The Indian Red Cross Society has more than 1100 District and Sub-District Branches. The Indian Red Cross is a National Federation of all its branches. Neither the Headquarters nor the branches by themselves form the Society. They collectively, interwoven together make up the Indian Red Cross Society. The President of India is the President of Indian Red Cross Society. The main governing body is the National Managing Body, which consists of 18 members, 12 of whom are elected by the State and Union Territory branches through an electoral college formed with the representatives of the branch committees. The President of Indian Red Cross Society nominates the remaining six members, which includes the chairman. The Secretary General appointed by the Managing Body is the Chief Administrative Officer. The Provincial Branches follow a similar organizational pattern as that of the National 54 / The Red Cross Headquarters, although details of their governing structure differ slightly from branch to branch. The Society has warehouses, cyclone shelters, hospitals, Primary Health Centres, Blood Banks, Training Centres to facilitate the effective implementation of its programme. The Society collaborates with other organizations in the country which share similar objectives and principles. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and partner National Societies such as German Red Cross, American Red Cross, British Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross etc., have supported its programmes. The Indian Red Cross also works closely with various government departments such as Health, Education and Social Welfare. Activities: 1. War Time Activities: During the Second World War the Indian Red Cross Society played a very prominent role by undertaking various relief operations for the sick and the wounded soldiers and also for the prisoners of war. 55 / The Red Cross 2. Peace Time Activities:  a. Promoting humanitarian Principle and values b. Disaster Management c. Promotion of Health  Maternity and Child welfare services  Family Welfare services  Hospital Services  Care of sick and wounded defence personnel  Blood Transfusion Services  Awareness Programme about HIV/AIDS and other epidemics a. Promoting humanitarian Principles and values: The values which shape humanitarian action based on the fundamental principles of Red Cross/ Red Crescent movement, which include the protection of life, health and human dignity. Respect for others and the acceptance of responsibility to help others without discrimination based on Nationality, Race, Gender, Religion, belief, class or political opinions. 56 / The Red Cross b. Disaster Relief : The Indian Red Cross Disaster Management Programme incorporates Disaster response and Disaster preparedness. The sharp increase in the number of Natural disasters in recent years has prompted the Indian Red Cross to devote more attention to disaster preparedness activities. The aim is to make communities aware of the risks they face, increase capacity to reduce their vulnerability and enhance their ability to cope up when disaster strikes. Since 1996, Indian Red Cross has been running community based disaster preparedness programme in collaboration with German Red Cross for its Personnel, Volunteers and Government Officials. c. Promotion of Health : Indian Red Cross has established hospitals at State, District and Sub-Districts to provide health care services to mothers and children along with blood banks, which are playing a major role in organizing voluntary Blood Donation Camps to meet the requirement. With co-operation from International Federation, Indian Red Cross has implemented Youth 57 / The Red Cross Peer Education Programme in selected states to create awareness about HIV/AIDS. 3. Red Cross Home : Red Cross Home at Bengaluru was established in the year 1942 to take care of disabled ex-service men, equipped to accommodate 75 inmates. Red Cross Home provides nursing care and medical treatment to ex-servicemen. Medical Superintendent with Para- medical staff takes care of inmates. If necessity arises expert advice will be sought from local Armed Forces Hospital. 4. Junior and Youth Red Cross : Junior Red Cross in schools/ PU Colleges and Youth Red Cross in colleges have more than 7 million members across the country. Their activities are based on three fold objectives of promoting health, service and friendship and to inculcate the fundamental principles of the movement among students by involving them in humanitarian services.  58 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER IX INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY (KARNATAKA STATE BRANCH) Karnataka State Branch was established in 1921, Bangalore being its Headquarters. His Excellency the Governor of Karnataka is the President of the Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch. At District level, Deputy Commissioner is the President of the District Red Cross Branch and at the Taluk level the Tahsildar is the President of Red Cross. ACTIVITIES : 1. Blood Transfusion Services : Karnataka Red Cross Blood Bank was established in 1991. Blood is collected through voluntary Blood donation camps organized by Educational Institutions, Factories and Corporate Offices. Apart from this, individuals donate 59 / The Red Cross the blood directly at the Blood Bank. The Blood that is collected after mandatory test as per specification will be dispensed after cross matching with blood sample 60 / The Red Cross received from the Hospitals. The blood collected has to be utilized within 35 days from the date of collection. Blood is provided free of cost. Only the Processing fee will be collected as per the guidelines of Drug Controller. Any healthy person between 18 to 60 years of age with a weight of 45 Kgs can donate blood. The actual blood donation takes about 4 to 6 minutes. Sterile disposable needles are used for each donor. The blood donated will be completely replenished within 72 hours. Male donors can donate blood every 3 months. Whereas female donor can donate blood once in 4 months. 61 / The Red Cross  One Unit of Blood i.e. 350 ml can save 03 lives subject to component separation i.e., platelet, plasma and Red blood cells. Karnataka Red Cross Blood Bank provides services 24 /7 along with 365 days. 2. Maternity and Child Health Service: Urban Family Welfare Centre Karnataka State Branch of Indian Red Cross was established in 1969 and is functioning at Sirsi Circle Maternity Home, Chamarajpet, Bengaluru. It takes care of health of mother and child and Creates community awareness. 3. Community Eye Care : Karnataka Red Cross Optical Unit was established in 1987 in the premises of Minto Eye Hospital. It provides spectacles at subsidized rates. 4. Disaster Management : Whenever there is Disaster anywhere in India, Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch mobilizes relief materials and donations to the victims of disaster. Teams of doctors and volunteers are deputed to extend their services to the needy. 62 / The Red Cross  During Earthquake in Bhuj in the State of Gujarat in 2001, Karnataka Branch sent Rs. One Crore worth of relief materials and donations. For this extraordinary work, Karnataka State Branch has been awarded 06 63 / The Red Cross Red Cross Gold Medals from National Head Quarters, New Delhi. During Tsunami in 2004: Karnataka State Branch sent relief material worth Rs. 60 lakhs to Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Andaman and Nicobar for the victims of Tsunami. Karnataka State Branch of Red Cross has donated Rs. 15 lakhs to the victims of Tsunami During the Earthquake in Jammu Kashmir, in the year 2005 Karnataka State Branch of Red Cross mobilized donation of Rs. one Lakh and the same was donated to Jammu & Kashmir State Branch of Red Cross. Apart from this, 190 tents were sent for the victims of earthquake. In the year 2018, Kodagu landslides caused heavy damage. Relief Materials were sent to affected areas of Kodagu. In the Year 2019 Floods in Bagalkot, Belagavi, Raichur, Vijayapura, Mangalore, Udupi, Shivamogga, Chickamagaluru, Haveri, Uttara Kannada, Yadagiri and Kodagu created havoc. Relief Materials worth Rs. 4.5 64 / The Red Cross core were distributed in the affected districts, These Materials were distributed through District Red Cross Branches. This is a milestone in the history of Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch. All the office bearers of the flood affected district and volunteers worked 24/7 to provide assistance & minimize the suffering of the affected people. In the Year 2020, due to Covid-19, the entire Nation was locked down. People who were daily wage workers, elderly people, slum dwellers suffered a lot. Indian Red Cross Society Karnataka State Branch minimized their suffering by supplying them with Sanitizers, Facemasks, Grocery Kits, required medicines and other essentials all over Karnataka. Our Volunteers also taught the community about hand washing techniques, Social Distancing & Hygiene promotion activities. In the month of October 2020, floods happened to strike most of the districts, Karnataka state Branch donated the relief materials to the affected and needy people. 65 / The Red Cross 5. Appliances to the Physically challenged : Tricycles, wheelchairs, Hearing aids and Canes are provided to the physically challenged and economically backward families. 6. Health Checkup & Eye Screening Camps : Karnataka State Branch of Red Cross in collaboration with Non Governmental Organizations organizes health checkup and Eye screening camps for the benefit of economically weaker sections specially in Rural areas.  66 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER X JUNIOR RED CROSS AND YOUTH RED CROSS JUNIOR RED CROSS The Junior Red Cross is the students wing of the Red Cross. It is a group movement organized within schools and PU Colleges. Students who take part in junior Red Cross activities are known as “Juniors”. The teacher who guides the students in Junior Red Cross activities is called “Counselor”. GROWTH IN INDIA : Junior Red Cross wing was first started in Punjab in the year 1926 followed by other States. JRC is becoming more and more popular and is being encouraged by educational authorities. The movement is extended to the degree college students under the name of Youth Red Cross. 67 / The Red Cross JUNIOR RED CROSS MOTTO PRINCIPLES AND PLEDGE Motto : I SERVE Principles : HEALTH, SERVICE, FRIENDSHIP Junior Red Cross is based on three fold programs : a) Protection of health and life (Health) b) Service to others (Service) c) National integration & International understanding (Friendship) These activities help young people to develop their mental and moral capabilities which makes them better Citizens. JUNIOR RED CROSS PLEDGE: Junior Red Cross pledge is an important aspect in Red Cross. Juniors and counselors should pronounce the pledge in JRC Classes, functions and camps. JUNIOR’S PLEDGE: “I pledge myself to care for my own health and that of others, to help the sick and suffering specially children and to look upon other children all over the world as my friends”. 68 / The Red Cross COUNSELORS PLEDGE : “I pledge to counsel the Juniors in achieving the aims of Junior Red Cross, namely, promotion of health, selfless service, National & International friendship by setting the example by himself / herself.” MEMBERSHIP FEE : Institution: All the High Schools to be registered as members of Junior Red Cross by sending Rs:-100/- every year, and also collect Rs.10 from each student of High Schools every year Out of Rs.10 collected, Rs.4 should be sent to The Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch, Bengaluru and Rs.6 to be retained with schools for conducting Red Cross Activities. All the Pre University Colleges to be registered as members of Junior Red Cross by sending Rs. 100/- every year to Red Cross State Branch and collect Rs.25/- from each student of Pre University Colleges every year. Out of Rs. 25/- collected, Rs.10/- should be sent to The Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch, Bengaluru Via Cheque, DD, NEFT, JRC Software: redcrosskarnataka.org and Rs. 15 has to be 69 / The Red Cross retained with Pre University Colleges for conducting Red Cross Activities. The Registration Fee and Student Membership Fee should be sent Favouring “The General Secretary, Indian Red Cross Society”, 26, Red Cross Bhavan, Race Course Road, Bengaluru 560 001, through Junior Red Cross Software / Web Application (https:// redcrosskarnataka.org). STRUCTURE OF JUNIOR RED CROSS UNIT Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch ↓ State Junior Red Cross Sub committee ↓ District Junior Red Cross Sub committee ↓ Taluk Junior Red Cross Sub committee COUNSELORS TRAINING COURSE : The teacher who is in charge of Junior Red Cross Wing in a School & Pre Univeristy College is called JRC Counsel & Effective training of Counselors is the responsibility of State Junior Red Cross committee in collaboration with the District Committees. Syllabus for the course covers the history of Red Cross and Junior Red Cross, topics on health, service 70 / The Red Cross and friendship, functioning of JRC Student committee formed in Schools and Pre University Colleges. Practical classes on craft, drawing etc., can be conducted. On completion of the course, a test is conducted and successful counselors are given certificates. HOW TO ESTABLISH AND CONDUCT JRC IN SCHOOLS AND PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGES? A students meeting is convened by the Head of the School and Pre University Colleges to brief them about Red Cross. Students, who volunteer, are enrolled as JRC members. According to the strength of membership, more than one group can be formed. A willing teacher / Leacturer of the school and Pre University College is nominated by the Principal of the school as JRC Counselor to look after the activities of JRC Wing. ELECTION OF OFFICE BEARERS : STUDENT COMMITTEE The following office bearers will be elected by the JRC Members Via Vote: a) President b) Vice-President c) Secretary d) Treasurer 71 / The Red Cross SUB COMMITTEES : Various sub committees are formed to undertake activities based on the objectives of JRC like health, service, friendship, road safety, First aid etc. INAUGURAL FUNCTION : Formal Inauguration of the wing has to be conducted as a mark of formation of JRC Wing. FUNCTIONING OF JRC IN SCHOOLS/ PU COLLEGES : Junior Red Cross activities are formulated based on its principles of Health, Service and Friendship. The programs are chalked out in such a way so as to suit the occasions, locations and social requirements. Some of the activities that can be organized are indicated here below: 72 / The Red Cross 1. PROMOTION OF HEALTH : a. Practice of health habits b. Cleanliness of school premises c. Health awareness campaign in local Communities d. First aid training e. Blood grouping camps for JRC members f. Hand Washing techniques 2. SERVICE TO OTHERS: a. Providing Books, Medicines, Food, Clothing etc. to Poor School Children b. Voluntary service during relief Operations Connected with Disasters c. Providing first aid to the Wounded/Sick d. Visit to Hospitals, Orphanage, Home for the Aged e. Adoption of nearby slum for Literacy Campaign f. Awareness of Traffic Rules and Road Safety FRIENDSHIP: a. Participation in State/National level Junior Red Cross Camps, Competitions, Exhibitions etc b. Sending Greetings c. Exchange of Albums d. Organizing Inter Religious Harmony rallies. 73 / The Red Cross JRC UNIFORM : Jean Henry Dunant was helping the war victims in the Battle of Solferino. He was wearing a white dress and so he was called by the victims of war as “The Gentleman in White”. This lead to suggest white colored dress as uniform for Junior Red Cross Boys/ Girls and Male/Female Counselors. The same uniform code is applicable to Youth Red Cross boys and girls and program officers. JRC Boy/ JRC Counselor JRC Girl / JRC Counselor White half slack shirt White Blouse White half short/ full pant White skirt/saree& white ribbon Scarf & Woggle and badge Scarf & Woggle and badge White shoes & white socks White shoes & white socks 74 / The Red Cross JRC EXAMINATION : Indian Red Cross society, Karnataka State branch is conducting Red Cross Examination for juniors (8th, 9th, 10th and I & II PUC Students) every Year. It's a certification programme to encourage juniors to participate in Red cross activities RED CROSS SONGS: PRAYER SONG: Dhartikaro, nirmalkaro, peedaprabhu hey] Jeevankarovujvalnavajyothikaro hey] Dhukijanonkiseva ham kare-2 Pathalithonkogale lagaley-2 hanthipathashanthikarya, shanthivrada hey] 75 / The Red Cross Jeevankarovujvalnavajyothikaro hey] navajyothikaro hey navajyothikaro hey] FLAG DE-HOISTING SONG God be with us till we meet again, Till we meet, till we meet, till we meet at Red Cross Feet RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED: Application forms and Admission Register Attendance Register Circular File Minutes of the meetings (Book) Receipt book & cash book Work done register Stock register Album (Photographs) Files for communication First Aid box Health cards of Juniors Information Board Flag Mast Pole, Ropes, Festoons etc. Uniform materials 76 / The Red Cross  Visitors book JRC name board at the gate of the School YOUTH RED CROSS POLICY & PROGRAM GUIDELINES POLICY: The Youth Red Cross is a most important Wings/ Section constituent of its mother organization Indian Red Cross Society. YRC aims at inculcating the seven Fundamental Principles of Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity and Universality. Youth Red Cross is organized with a view to develop and deploy student youth resources for working towards these principles. It also aims at inculcating in youth the ideals and practices of service specially in relation to: 1. Taking care of their own health and that of others. 2. Understanding and accepting civic responsibility. 3. Promotion of national and international 77 / The Red Cross  understanding and goodwill by using their international link of the movement. 4. Promotion of volunteerism. YOUTH RED CROSS MEMBERSHIP:- The Government of Karnataka, Order (Ed/64/ Vividha/ 2011, Dated: 22/12/2011&ED / 38 / Vividha/ 2016, Dated: 17/06/2016), directed, Govt/ Aided/ Non-aided, First Grade Colleges, Engineering, Health, Science, Agricultural, Horticultural, Veterinary Science, Forestry, Fisheries, Teacher Education, Law Colleges, Polytechnics and any recognized degree colleges coming under the administrative/ academic control of State Higher Education department to establish a Youth Red Cross unit. They must register with the Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch, Bengaluru by paying Rs. 1,500 (Rupees One Thousand Five Hundred Only) (One Time Payment) and during admission, collect students membership fees of Rs. 50 from each student. Out of the Collected Fees, 70% shall be retained by the colleges to fund Youth Red Cross activities, while the remaining 30% is to be remitted to the Indian Red Cross Society, Karnataka State Branch. All students 78 / The Red Cross who have paid the prescribe fees shall be considered as members of the Youth Red Cross in their respective colleges. All students admitted to Degree, Post Graduate and Diploma Courses by virtue of their joining their respective Polytechnics colleges as per university rules and paying the prescribed Youth Red Cross fee shall become the members of the Youth Red Cross of that college / Polytechnic. CORE GROUP VOLUNTEERS: Any member of YRC who can volunteer his / her time and talent for the cause of Youth Red Cross can become a core group volunteer upon submitting an application to and on selection by the Youth Red Cross Programme Officer. 79 / The Red Cross CERTIFICATE : Core group volunteers on completion of two years of volunteer ship and assigned tasks and targets shall be issued with certificate by the University. PROGRAMME GUIDELINES 1. VOLUNTEER ORIENTATION: Once the Core Group Volunteers are selected and the YRC unit is formed the volunteers need to be oriented to make them understand their role and responsibilities. They should be empowered with the knowledge, attitude, skills and other competencies needed to perform as a member of the team. This may require two days and may be organised during the weekends. 2. TRAINING ON FIRST AID It is Obligatory to all the core group volunters to undergo the prescribed training in First Aid The Youth Red Cross Unit may organize this training course to the interested Students of the College. The Indian Red Cross Society is an authorized Certified training Institution. To Organize First Aid traing in colleges, you may contact the following phone number Ph.: 22264205. 80 / The Red Cross 3. TRAINING ON DISASTERPREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT It is desirable to organise this program for core group of volunteers and other Members of YRC on the core issues such as forecasting, vulnerability, retrofitting, communication, logistics, rescue, relief, rehabilitation, emergency health care etc., (Online Disaster Relief Training can also be given at each college level wherever Possible. 4. TRAINING ON MINIMUM COMPETENCIES A set of skills and competencies have been universally identified as the ‘minimum requirement’ to perform jobs civic responsibilities, and in handling situations in one’s own life. It is essential, that every student should try to acquire these competencies. Researchers have identified five general knowledge areas of primary importance. 1. Consumer economics 2. Employment knowledge 3. Community resources 4. Health 5. Law and Governance There are five skills areas 1. Communication Skills 2. Computation Skills 3. Problem solving skills 4. Inter-personal relation skills 5. Survival / life saving skills 81 / The Red Cross  There are also other associated areas of knowledge and skills that one should learn in order to become a functionally efficient, economically productive and socially useful member of the society. 5. MOTIVATION OF BLOOD DONORS A minimum of two blood donation camps in a year should be organised by motivating donors from the members of YRC, NCC, NSS Rovers & Rangers, Sports, Red Ribbon Clubs etc. At least 33% of core group members should donate blood during the 2 years period of their volunteer ship under YRC. (as far as possible blood donation camp must be conducted along with IRCS blood bank / government hospital blood banks only). 82 / The Red Cross 6. OBSERVATION OF IMPORTANT DAYS Observation of the following days by way of organized meetings and displays are the minimum mandatory activities of the Youth Red Cross. January 12 National Youth Day April 07 World Health Day May 08 World Red Cross Day June 05 World Environment Day August 12 Geneva Convention Day October 01 Voluntary Blood Donor’s Day October 30 Death anniversary of Jean Henry Dunant December 01 World Aids Day December 05 International Volunteers Day 83 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER XI FIRST AID First Aid is a basic medical care given in good faith to a victim of accident, sick or injured person to preserve life until professional medical help becomes available. The founder of First Aid is Dr.Johnnes Friedrich August Von Esmarch of Germany. 84 / The Red Cross Who is called First Aider? Any person who has undergone First Aid Training and obtained lay lecturer certificate is qualified to train people and render First Aid to the sick and wounded person. Main objectives of First Aid 1. Preserve Life 2. Prevent Worsening 3. Promote Recovery 4. Providing safe transportation to the sick and wounded. The history of First Aid goes back to the year 1099. In 1792, a French Army Surgeon formed the First official army medical corps. During the 1860’s, the First Geneva Convention and International Red Cross came into existence to deal with sick and injured soldiers on the battlefield. In 1877 St. John Ambulance was introduced. Meanwhile St. Andrews Ambulance association was started in Scotland in 1882. In Karnataka, First Aid training was started in the year 2011 and we have trained more than 40000 candidates till now. Karnataka State Branch has given 85 / The Red Cross First Aid training to High School Students, College students, Drivers, Industrial workers and General Public. Upon successful completion of the assessment test, certificates are issued to the qualified candidates. Basic First Aid in different scenarios Bleeding:- Apply pressure on a bleeding wound to stop the flow of blood and keep on pressing the bleeding area for at least 10 minutes. Drowning:- Stay on dry land, hold out a stick or branch or rope for him/her to grab and then pull him/ her out of water. Once the casualty is out of water, shield him/her from the wind by covering him/her with a warm clothes and blankets. 86 / The Red Cross  Bites:- Reassure the victim The wound should be covered with a sterilized dressing and take him/her to the hospital, immediately. Burns:- Burns should be cooled with cold Water as soon as possible for minimum of 10 minutes. Wound should be dressed with a sterile dressing. Serious wounds will be treated by doctor and for minor burns honey or aloe vera may be applied. Basic First Aid Rules  Clear the crowd. Do not allow the people to crowd around the victim.  Inspect the Area. Fallen Electric Wires, Moving Machinery etc should be cleared. 87 / The Red Cross  Note the weather i.e. without rain or heat or cold breeze. Transport the victim to a Safer Place, Reassure the victim with soothing words.  Call for an Ambulance.  First Aid Kit is a must in Schools / Colleges. FIRST AID KIT IN SCHOOL All schools / Colleges should be equipped with the First Aid Kit containing: 1. Traingular Bandage 9. Kidney Tray 2. Gauze Pad 10. Ice Bag 3. Lotion Chlorhexidine 11. Cotton (Savlon) 4. Lotion Povidone-Iodine 12. Eye pad (Betadine) 88 / The Red Cross  5. Scissors 13. Tape Adhesive 6. Framycetin Sulphate 14. Band Aid (Sofremycin) 7. Splints 15. Hot water bottle 8. Tourniquet 16. O.R.S. Powder CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) The heart may suddenly become dysfunctional. This is known as heart attack. Blood clots in the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart obstruct the flow of blood. Blood clots are the cause for heart failure. CPR should be initiated immediately. The order of the CPR is as follows. C-Chest Compressions A- Air Way 89 / The Red Cross B- Breathing Following the above steps can save a person from a heart attack. First Aid Mobile Application: Government of India and Indian Red cross society, National Head quarters devloped an app called First Aid to give more information about first aid to School teachers and children. They can download First Aid application from their smart phone at Google Play Store. 90 / The Red Cross CHAPTER XII SELF HYGINE THE HUMAN BODY: HEALTHY FOOD: Nitrogens : Meat, Fish, Cheese, Grains, Milk, Curd, Eggs and Dry Fruits Fat : Cheese, Eggs Sugar and Fats : Grains, Potato and Sugar Vitamins : Milk,Eggs, Grains, Vegetables and Fruits Irons : Vegetables, Fruits and Grains 91 / The Red Cross DAILY ROUTINE Getup Early Morning Toilet and Teeth Walk and Excercise 6.00 AM Cleaning 6.10 am to Morning at 6.30 to 6.30 am 7.00 am Bath 7.00 AM to Break Fast 7:30 AM School 8.00 AM 7:30 AM to 8.00 AM to 1:30 PM Afternoon lunch 1:30 Washing face, Television School Home Work PM to 2.00 PM and Rest 2.00 PM 3.00 PM to 4:30 PM to 3:00 PM Evening Snacks Field Game 5.00 PM Hobbies Time 7.00 PM 4:30 PM to 5:00 PM to 7.00 PM to 8:30 PM Dinner 8:30 PM Teeth Cleaning and Bath Bed Time 10 PM to 9:30 PM 9:30 PM to 10:00 PM 92 / The Red Cross SELF HYGINE: DO’S Hand Washing - Before Food and After Food - After Toilet Use - After Coughing, Sneezing etc - After Playing with Pet Animals - After Playing Brush your teeth 2 times daily Bath atleast 2 times a day. Comb your hairs regularly Change your undergarments daily. Trim your nails regularly Cover your face while sneezing and coughing Always wear clean clothes Used clothes and papers should be put in seperate bins. 93 / The Red Cross  If personal hygiene is not taken care, you may face the following Palms to Palms Between the fingers problems Smell in the body Bad breath Teeth problems Behind the hands Below the thumbs Airborne diseases Food related diseases Water related diseases Behind the fingers Finger nails Skin and hair related diseases Urinary tract related problems Eye and Ear related Forearm Wash and dry your hands diseases Social prohibition Depression  94 / The Red Cross CHAPTER XIII SCHOOL SAFETY School are the country’s future temples, Children who are the future of the country study here. These places should be built under safe environment and building should be constructed in such a way that it will be resilient to Disasters. Building plan of schools should be included in the plan of action, Building plan should contain factors such as sensitivity of the building, electric lines, drainage holes etc. List of dangers are mentioned below:- 1. Interruption of power supply/power cut (alternate supply of electricity such as UPS) 95 / The Red Cross 2. Stairs collapsing, Unequal floors, damage of wall and ceiling plasters. 3. Halls filled with smoke due to burning of plastic, paper etc., 4. Doors & Windows getting stuck and not opening. 5. Rusting of iron rods and collapsing of moulds. ROLES AND RESPONSIBLITIES Before Disasters 1. School entry and exit checkout 2. Finding empty place to assemble everyone during disaster 3. Finding a safer place 4. Deciding the requirement of easily available needy things 5. Patient and physically challenged person should be taken special care. 6. Practice exiting the building with other authenticated committees. During Disasters 1. In case of building collapse/earthquake, DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON 96 / The Red Cross  until the shaking stops. If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in a safe place. 2. Conducting demo sessions for building collapse/ earthquake preparedness. After Disasters  Confirming the place is safe to stay  Fulfilling the responsibilities of emptying the building  Reporting to principal about the disaster. Required training Finding, guarding, saving and protection techniques training involving local police, fire department and other related departments. School Disaster Management plan steps  Conducting awareness to make school premises more resilient.  Forming school Disaster Management committee.  Detecting dangers and Deciding protection  Formation of School Disaster Management Authority plan (SDMAP) 97 / The Red Cross  Convening of mock session in regular form and informing school management authority.  Timely Evaluating plan of action. The following members should be made aware of sensitivity  Principal/Head Master  Associate Principal/Head Master  Executive Management Group  All teachers and student leaders School Disaster Management Authority and coordination committee members  Chairman- School Principal/Head Master  Vice Chairman – Primary and Higher primary school principals  Development department education officer  Teacher-Parent union leader  1-2 parents (at least one female member should be there)  Other local Government officers group. 98 / The Red Cross Danger detection and protection preparation Earthquakes, landslides, floods, drought, fire etc should be kept in mind while constructing a building and protection, As Well qualified engineer, contractor and Disaster Management expert and Deputy Officers should be contacted to construct a school. Conclusion Future dangers should be kept in mind while constructing a building, analyzing the disasters that happened 20 to 25 years before. Based on that building plan for the school finalise nearby places of schools should be evaluated for the dangers and the plan may be finalized.  99 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER XIV COVID-19 VIRUS MEANING, FEATURES AND SPREADING METHODS What is Corona or Covid-19 Covid-19 is caused by SARS-COV-2. People who are normal will recover from Covid- 19 virus within 14 days by suffering mild respiratory problems, But people who are suffering from heart problems, Diabetes, Prolonged respiratory problems, cancer etc and people who are aged will suffer severely from Covid-19 virus. Cold, Cough and Fever are symptoms of Covid-19. If there are no symptoms of Cold, Cough and Fever then there is no need for Covid-19 test. 100 / The Red Cross What happens post Covid-19 80% of the people or most of the people will recover without taking any treatment. 20% of the people who had past medical conditions will be admitted to hospitals and people with severe past medical conditions will be kept in Intensive Care Unit. Covid-19 General Features Cold, Cough, Sore Throat, Fever and Breathing problems. General Cold, flu etc., symptoms will be similar to Covid-19. How Covid-19 spreads If a person suffering from Covid-19 sneezes or coughs, then innumerable droplets will spread in the air, floor and nearby things. If a person stays nearby and inhales the droplets or if the person touches his eyes, nose or ears during this situation, then the person will get infected by Covid-19. If the infected person is in the radius of 1M to the another person, then there are chances that he may get infected by Covid-19. 101 / The Red Cross Information about Facemasks Covid -19 spreads rapidly by contact with the infected person. Droplets which carry viruses will dry and they get converted into spores. These spores float and then fall on the floor and other places. It is found that virus stays in the air in solid form or in liquid from for 3 hours or it stays on the plastic or stainless steel materials for at least 03 days. When should we wear Facemask? People who suffer from Cough/Fever should wear 3 layer medical facemask. It avoids the spread of Covid-19 and washing hands also prevents disease While visiting Covid-19 hospitals People who are treating Covid-19 patients Covid-19 patients family members and house quarantine family members should wear medical mask Who are most likely to get affected by the virus Everyone can get affected by this virus. If the Covid-19 patients are at home, if proper care is not taken then children at home can get infected by the virus. 102 / The Red Cross  In children Covid-19 disease is short lived. People who are aged and people who are suffering from high Blood Pressure, heart related diseases, cancer, diabetes and other diseases will be severely affected by this virus. How to wash Hands There is a standard procedure to wash one’s hands, After washing hands, it should be dried off. Wash hands more frequently. Hands should be washed for 20-60 Seconds Use Hand sanitizers as per the requirement For hand washing, soaps and hand washers can be used. Role of Hand Sanitizers People who are treating Covid-19 patients should use hand sanitizers more frequently. The best choice is to wash hands with soaps or liquid hand wash with water. If the hands are dirty or mud covered, then alcohol based liquids should not be used instead hands should be washed with water and soap. 103 / The Red Cross Food consumption during Covid-19 There is no particular Diet plan for Covid-19 patients. They can follow their daily diet plan, they can add vegetables and fruits in their diet, to make the food more Nutritious. Covid-19 vaccination Covishield and covaxin are India’s indigenous covid-19 vaccine. These vaccines may prevent you from getting covid-19 disease. In the ongoing clinical trials, the vaccines have been shown to prevent covid-19 disease following 2 doses given between 4 and 12 weeks apart. The duration of the protection against covid-19 disease is currently unknown.  104 / The Red Cross CHAPTER XV ADOLESCENTS PROBLEMS Drugs Dissuading young generation from adiction like consumption of drugs, alcohol, smoking etc.., is a himalayan challenge for people, government and public Volunteers like Red Cross society and other social organisations, alike. There are many ways to dissuade people from bad habits, and we should do it for the betterment of our society and future generations. We have to create a very high level of awareness about the perennial problems related with consuming drugs, alcohol and other habit forming vices to the people on a war footing These problems are not solved easily. We should first connect with these people and should observe them closely, their behaviour and reasons for their addiction. We as volunteers can show them the practical drawbacks through videos and how it affects people and their painful situations, their family’s emotional conditions and situations. 105 / The Red Cross  We can inculcate activities to treat addicted people as it may help addicts to forget their bad habits. Some severely addicted people need to be counselled to change their habits allowing them to mingle with normal people so that they can realize their issues. Government should organize various programs and should encourage organisations to conduct rehabilitation programs. They should definitely take some serious action about these issues and against people who are encouraging these type of harmful habits to the society. Government should conduct campaigns on social media, television, documentaries etc. The younger generation should think long and hard before getting addicted to bad habits because these habits affect their family, relatives and friends. Life is much more valuable than they think, and for a better healthier society, good behavioural environment, all responsible people should contribute. We the people should join hands and thoughts for a better and healthier society. People tend to develop addictions or vices easily. Addiction here means the desire to get more and more. The habit of consuming substances make you vulnerable. All the physical and mental actions of a person become accustomed to substance abuse. Today our society is a victim to many such addictions. 106 / The Red Cross Effects of Consuming Drugs One has to suffer a lot of side effects from these drugs. Drug addiction has a long-lasting and profound effect on a person's brain and body. Measures to avoid drug abuse Make up your mind to quit the addiction. It is necessary to have a strong desire to quit. It is a good to get admission in rehabilitation center The patient is treated with different psychological methods. Meditation and yoga helps in de-addiction Be with your friends, relatives and well-wishers at all times. There is less chance to get drunk when you are always with well wishers. Patients suffering from drug addiction should write a daily diary. There are many benefits of doing this. By writing the after effects of addiction, a person realizes how his life is ruined by addiction. Awareness about AIDS and Preventive Measures AIDS is a deadly disease, (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). This disease is spread mainly through unprotected sex. There is no curative vaccine available for this disease. Many researches are going on to prevent this disease. The very first AIDS case was reported on June 5, 1981. The word AIDS was introduced at a ceremony in July 1982. 107 / The Red Cross Social View of AIDS AIDS stigma exists in many forms in the world, including ostracism, social stigma, discrimination, and distancing from infected people. Modes of transmission of AIDS It can be spread by coming into contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person. Eg: blood, semen, breast milk and others. AIDS is contracted by having unprotected sex with an infected person. Measures for Preventive AIDS Disease National health portal have suggested some points to prevent HIV/AIDS. * Use condom and other precautions to prevent AIDS. * Regular tests conducted for patients suffering from AIDS. * Changing injection needle for every patient. * Conducting compulsory HIV test for pregnant women * Before donating blood, it is tested to make sure it is HIV free of infection. Problems faced by Younger generation/Adolescents. The current generations are finding it difficult to face the sudden and un ethical challenge thrown up by the present society. Rapid urbanisation has come in the way of the former 108 / The Red Cross joint family system which played a very important role in supporting Physically, financially, morally and psychologically all the members of the joint family. When youngsters need any help from their support system and move out to fend for themselves, whenever pressure gets to them they find refuge in the vicious world of alcohol, drugs and thereon. Having unprotected sex and falling prey to Hiv/Aids. In this context the educational institutions play a important role by inculcating the ill effects of drugs, alcohol, safe sex, HIV/AIDS to the younger generation, presenting them the ways and means of avoiding the pit falls of urbanisation and in managing the high pressure atmosphere of modern society. Menstrual Health for Girls: 1. Education and Awareness: It's crucial for girls to receive proper education about menstrual health, understanding the menstrual cycle, and the changes in their body. This reduces stigma and helps in managing menstruation effectively. 2. Hygiene Practices: Using clean sanitary products (like pads, tampons, or menstrual cups), changing them regularly, and maintaining good hygiene are essential to prevent infections. 109 / The Red Cross  3. Access to Products: Affordable and accessible menstrual products are necessary for girls, especially in rural or underprivileged areas where period poverty is a concern. 4. Nutrition: A balanced diet rich in iron, calcium, and vitamins helps in maintaining menstrual health and reduces issues like fatigue or anemia during menstruation. 5. Emotional Support: Emotional well-being is important during menstruation. Girls may experience mood swings, and emotional support from family or friends can be beneficial. 6. Healthcare Access: In case of irregular periods, excessive pain, or other menstrual disorders (like PCOS or endometriosis), girls should have access to healthcare professionals for proper diagnosis and treatment. Food Adulteration and its Impact on Girls: 1. Health Risks: Consuming adulterated food, which is contaminated with harmful chemicals or additives, can cause serious health problems like food poisoning, organ damage, weakened immune systems, and long-term effects like cancer. 110 / The Red Cross 2. Malnutrition: Adulterated food often lacks essential nutrients, leading to malnutrition, which can be particularly harmful to growing girls as it affects their physical and cognitive development. 3. Hormonal Imbalance: Certain chemicals in adulterated food can disrupt the hormonal balance in girls, potentially affecting their reproductive health and menstrual cycles. 4. Growth Impairment: Consuming adulterated or low-quality food can hinder growth and development, affecting girls during their critical adolescent years.  111 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER XVI INDEPENDENT LIFE Independent life refers to living a self-sufficient and autonomous life, where one makes their own decisions, takes care of themselves, and is responsible for their own well-being. It means being free from dependence on others for financial, emotional, or physical support. Key aspects of an independent life include: 1. Self-reliance 2. Financial independence 3. Personal freedom 4. Autonomy 5. Self-care 6. Decision-making 7. Problem-solving 8. Accountability Living an independent life can bring numerous benefits, such as: 112 / The Red Cross  1. Confidence boost 2. Increased self-esteem 3. Improved mental and physical health 4. Enhanced creativity and innovation 5. Greater sense of purpose and fulfillment 6. Better time management and productivity 7. Stronger relationships (built on mutual respect and trust) However, it's essential to note that independence doesn't mean isolation. Building a support network and nurturing relationships is crucial for a happy and healthy life.  113 / The Red Cross  CHAPTER XVII INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Interpersonal relationships refer to the connections and interactions we have with others, including family, friends, colleagues, and community members. These relationships play a vital role in our physical, emotional, and mental well- being. The value of interpersonal relationships lies in: 1. Emotional Support: Providing comfort, encouragement and a sense of belonging. 2. Social Connection: Fostering a sense of community and reducing feelings of loneliness. 3. Personal Growth: Helping us develop emotional intelligence, empathy, and self-awareness. 4. Practical Help: Offering assistance with daily tasks, errands, and challenges. 5. Networking: Expanding our social circles, career opportunities, and access to resources. 6. Stress Reduction: Providing a support system to cope with life's challenges. 114 / The Red Cross  7. Improved Mental Health: Reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns. 8. Increased Happiness: Releasing endorphins and promoting overall well-being. 9. Diverse Perspectives: Exposing us to new ideas, cultures, and ways of thinking. 10. Sense of Purpose: Giving us a feeling of belonging and meaning. Nurturing and investing in interpersonal relationships can lead to a more fulfilling, supportive, and joyful life. Valuing family relationships is essential for building strong, supportive, and loving bonds with your loved ones. Here are some reasons why family relationships are important: 1. Shared History: Family relationships are built on shared experiences, memories, and traditions. 2. Trust and Loyalty: Family members often have a deep sense of trust and loyalty towards each other. 3. Personal Growth: Family relationships help individuals develop important life skills, values and identity. 4. Sense of Belonging: Family provides a sense of belonging and connection to one's heritage and culture. 115 / The Red Cross  5. Support Network: Family members can offer practical help, advice and guidance during life's challenges. 6. Unconditional Lov