Life and Livelihood Class Eight PDF Past Paper 2024

 Developed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board as a Textbook according to the National Curriculum 2022 for Class Eight from the Academic year 2024 Life and Livelihood...

 Developed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board as a Textbook according to the National Curriculum 2022 for Class Eight from the Academic year 2024 Life and Livelihood Class Eight (Experimental Version) Writers & Editors Md. Murshid Aktar Mosammat Khadiza Yeasmin Hasan Tareq Khan Mohammad Kabir Hossain Md Shefatul Islam Md. Ruhul Amin Md. Towhidur Rahman Md. Mustafizur Rahman Mohammed Abul Khair Bhuiya Translated By Zulfeqar Haider Mirza Tariq Beg Shahjadi Marjanun Nahar Academic Year 2024 National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh 1  Life and Livelihood Published by National Curriculum and Textbook Board 69-70 Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000 [All rights reserved by National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh] Published: December, 2023 Art Direction Monjur Ahmed Illustration & Cover Promothesh Das Pulak Graphics Noor-E-Elahi K M Yusuf Ali Academic Year 2024 For free Distribution by The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Printed by: 2  Preface In this ever-changing world, the concept of livelihood is altering every moment. The advancement of technology, in accordance with knowledge and skill, has accelerated the pace of change. There is no alternative to adapting to this fast changing world. The reason is, the development of technology is at its zenith compared to any time in the human history. In the fourth industrial revolution era, the advancement of artificial intelligence has brought a drastic change in our employment and lifestyles; and this will make the relationship among people more and more intimate. Various employment opportunities will be created in near future which we cannot even predict at this moment. We need to take preparation right now so that we can adapt ourselves to that upcoming future. Although a huge economic development has taken place throughout the world, the problems of climate change, air pollution, migrations and ethnic violence have become much more intense than before. The epidemics like COVID 19 has appeared and obstructed the normal lifestyle and economic growth of the world. Different challenges and opportunities have been added to our daily life. Standing on the verge of these challenges and possibilities, implementation of sustainable and effective solutions are required for the transformation of our large population into a resource. It entails global citizens with knowledge, skill, values, vision, positive attitude, sensitivity, capability to adapt, humanity and patriotism. Amidst all these, Bangladesh has graduated into a developing nation from the underdeveloped periphery and is continuously trying to achieve the desired goals in order to become a developed country by 2041. Education is one of the pivotal instruments to attain the goals and there is no alternative to the modernization of our education system. Developing an effective and updated curriculum has become crucial for this modernization. Developing and revising the curriculum is a regular and vital activity of National Curriculum and Textbook Board. The last revision of the curriculum was done in 2012. Since then, a lot of time has passed. The necessity of curriculum revision and development has emerged. For this purpose, various research and technical exercises were conducted under the supervision of NCTB during the year 2017 to 2019 to analyse the prevalent situation of education and assess the learning needs. Based on the researches and technical exercises, a competency-based incessant curriculum from K-12 has been developed to create a competent generation to survive in the new world situation. In the light of the competency based curriculum, the textbooks have been prepared for all streams (General, Madrasah and Vocational) of learners for grade Eight. The authentic experience driven contents of this textbook were developed in such a way that teaching learning becomes comprehensible and full of merriment. This will connect textbooks with various life related phenomena and events that are constantly taking place around us. This is to be mentioned here that this textbook has already been refined through a logical evaluation by the writers and the subject specialists after collecting opinion from the teachers and students via an interim try out. We hope that learning will be profound and life-long now. Issues like gender, ethnicity, religion, caste, the disadvantaged and students with special needs have been taken into special consideration while developing the textbook. I would like to thank all who have put their best efforts in writing, editing, illustrating and publishing the textbook. Academic Year 2024 If any one finds any errors or inconsistencies in this experimental version and has any suggestions for improving its quality, we kindly ask them to let us know. Professor Md. Farhadul Islam Chairman National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh 3  Life and Livelihood Introduction to the Subject and a few words Many sceneries make our minds feel good. As such, when the birds fly in the sky with their wings spread, how happy and calm they look! Then, we also desire to fly like them! Since our childhood, these types of strange and funny dreams appear in our minds. We also want to make our lives colourful and joyous. We want to involve ourselves in such activities which we love to do. We want to live beautifully and safely in days to come. The topic ‘Life and Livelihood’ has been included in this year curriculum keeping these expectations in mind. With the passage of time, there have been many changes in our social and family life. Along with the parents, others also have become busier. So, we will have to become self-independent from our childhood. We will be trying to show you here, how we can work happily, how we can get familiar with the positive aspects of our life, and how we can master the ways to hold tight in a nicer way to become self-reliant. There is a scope in the subject ‘Life and Livelihood’ to nurture and practise the necessary skills through any engaging work for livelihood in the coming days. At the same time, the topic is designed in such a way so that we become habituated with the responsible behaviour towards our country and nation. Dear learners, with the experience gained from ‘Exploring Joyful Work’, we will be able to organize through cheerful participation various kinds of events as family tasks for the family stock management and as a social work. In the second experience Academic Year 2024 ‘Pathways to Skills Development’ we will be oriented through various activities with those opportunities which are available in the vocational, technical and higher education in order to develop our skills. ‘Making the Dreams True’ is the third experience. We will prepare ourselves to cope up through these experiences with the new potential technologies which may bring changes to our professional fields. 4  The fourth experience is ‘Make Ideas in Business’. Here we will prepare a locally applicable business idea by practising different tasks. ‘Introduction to Financial Services’ is the fifth experience, where we will be oriented with various types of financial inclusion programme, and we can utilize those for our own needs. Through sixth experience, ‘What Is in Me’, we will try to find our choices, interests and abilities, and will be able to determine our apparent goal based on these. After that, we will take initiative to implement through making plans of different terms in order to reach that goal. Dear learners, finally, we have three skill courses for us: ‘Eco-tour Guiding’, ‘Care Giving-2, and ‘Grafting and Layering’. We will be able to prepare ourselves as an ‘Eco Tour Guide’ through practising various activities and contribute to tourism industry commercially in future. Besides, through regular practising of the skills mentioned in ‘Care Giving-2’, we will be able to gather certain qualifications in our personal and family life, which will strengthen our personal and family bonds. We will be able to do the grafting and sapling on different trees by understanding the environment and its usefulness through ‘Grafting and Air Layering’. Dear learners, by applying your creativity, try to do the work which the teachers will assign you, and finish the work at a prescribed time. Take help from your parents and neighbours, if required. We request our teachers and parents that you will support them as much as possible by creating favourable and cordial environment for the learners and encourage them. We can build a prosperous Bangladesh with our collective effort. Academic Year 2024 5  Life and Livelihood INDEX Exploring Joyful Work 1 - 20 Pathways to Skills Development 21 - 41 Making the Dreams True 42 - 59 Make Ideas in Business 60 - 79 Introduction to Financial Services 80 - 102 What Is in Me 103 - 122 Skills Course One: Eco-tour Guiding 123 - 135 Skill Course Two: Care Giving - 2 136 - 162 Skill Course Three: Grafting 163 - 178 and Air Layering Academic Year 2024 6  Exploring Joyful Work ক্ষুদ্র হউক, তুচ্ছ হউক, সর্ ্ব সরম-শঙ্কাহীন- কম্ব মোমকাদের ধম্ব র্লি কম্ব কলর রকালরি লেন। Our tomorrow depends on what we are doing today. That is why Jatindramohan Bagchi, in his poem, has termed work as a religion. However, in almost all world religions, work has been linked to one of the necessary conditions for bringing good luck. Therefore, we have to work to bring our fortune. But we have to do all the work with interest and spontaneity. Academic Year 2024 1  Life and Livelihood To climb at the peak of a mountain is one of the toughest jobs in the world. Suppose you are very much interested in climbing up a mountain top; and so, you will see that when you get to climb at the peak of a mountain, out of excitement, you will not remember the pain even if you have come across the dangerous path all day long. Rather, the next morning, you will be trying heart and soul to reach your goal keeping aside the heavy ice and cold wave of the mountain. Despite this physical hardship of climbing a mountain, no tiredness or stress can touch you due to your excitement. That means, if there are passions and interests towards a work, these can automatically prepare the body to withstand any troubles. So, after busy and hard work, we can never say at the end of the day that 'we are feeling extremely tired'; rather we must ask ourselves, 'How much tired don't we feel at all?' In such cases, the level of oxygen in the blood will be normalised naturally and mental stress will be removed. ‘লনজ হকাদে কলর ককাজ, মোনই েকাদে মোককাদনকা িকাজ’- We all remember this line, don't we? If we do work all by ourselves, we all believe that along with an increase in self-confidence, peace prevails in the family. Similarly, it will become a blessing for us in spending time in school if we do things regularly which are necessary to keep the environment of the school beautiful and pleasant. In this way, we will become habituated to responsible behaviour towards society by doing our assigned duties in our small area. Our needs as an individual in society will then be increased; and for this, at some point in time, there will be an upward the trend in our acceptability. We all want to walk along this path. Table 1.1: Looking back ‘My own work’ that I do regularly ‘The family work’ that I do regularly ‘School work’ that I do regularly ‘Social work’ that I do regularly Academic Year 2024 Guardian’s opinion and What I feel while doing regular work. Signature: 2  Exploring Joyful Work We have already known by now that one of the important family works is to assist them in financial affairs. We can help a family in their economic activities in many ways: for example, we can minimize some expenditure by ironing our clothes by ourselves instead of sending them to shop; expenses on domestic help will reduce if we can do various family work by ourselves; we can save costs by walking the roads with a shorter distance on foot or we may reduce some expenses if we stop buying unnecessary things. For this, some money is saved, which helps the family financially. Besides these, there are a few more works, such as making designs on clothes, making food items like pita/pickles/snacks/handicrafts/cards/ornaments etc. and selling them online; producing and selling fertilizers from household wastes, creating online content, making appropriate use/re-use of old household things, becoming economical in using gas, water and electricity at home etc. We can contribute to the earnings of a family by doing this type of variety of work. In class seven, we planned income-generating activities for families and also took initiatives for implementation based on that plan. This year also, we will make a plan and implement this. Individual work Complete the list by identifying economic activities which you do to help your family and find out their assumed monetary value (week/month wise). Table 1.2: List of helpful work to rise family income Possible income Income-related work (Assumed monetary value) Academic Year 2024 3  Life and Livelihood Scene-1. Stitching of Nakshi Kantha Jamil, a student from Sherpur, and his elder sister, learned stitching of nakshi kantha from their mother last year. In their free time, they have decorated paper-made tissue box with small pieces of cloth with a little design on it and pasted it with glue. In this way, by making various products like file covers, pen stands, wall decors, holding bags etc., they have posted pictures of these on their mothers' social media page. Orders from the buyers keep coming every day on the page. The popularity of their page has increased in the last six months. In this way, they now help their parents financially. Figure 1.1: Selling products online by a small entrepreneur Group work Academic Year 2024 Like scene-1, find out some products, cultures or traditions that are common and vastly used in your area. Are there anything among these from which a person of your age, if wishes, can create any new ideas and can help increase the financial income of his/her family? Make such a list through group discussion. 4  Exploring Joyful Work In the previous class, we learned about family-related income expenditure and budget. A family budget is a plan of a family-related income expenditure, which means, the expression or the presentation of a planning of an area of family expenses based on the source of income and need is known as the family budget. A family budget creates interest in savings and any kind of savings increases investments. From investment, we get regular income which brings financial solvency to our family. That is why, like the previous year, we will prepare a regular budget for each month this year; we will check this at the end of the month and submit it to the teacher. Family Stock Management Scene 2: Stocktaking Mukta went to her grandfather’s house with her parents yesterday. It became very late at night to return to her city residence. Mukta’s mother started tidying up the bed on entering the house. Her father went to the kitchen to cook rice. But as he opened the lid of the container, he found no rice in it. He could recall that Mukta’s mother, a day before the visit, reminded him to buy rice; but he simply forgot because of work stress. What else to do? Then the father and daughter went together to make some bread. Another problem came up there- they could not find any salt even after a long search. But, Mukta’s father confirmed that he bought salt twice in that month. But the salt was missing! At last, they had to eat the saltless bread with the soup of meat brought from the grandfather's house. Group work Scene-2. Read carefully. Arrange the answers to the following questions after discussing them with all- a. Why do you think such an incident happened at Mukta’s residence? b. What to do to get rid of such problems? c. What are the problems if necessary products of a family are bought frequently? d. What are the benefits if essential products of a family are bought week/month wise? Academic Year 2024 If we notice the family picture of Mukta, we can see that because they do not have any plans for daily products for family use, they often have to face such situations. A family can easily avoid such problems through family storage management. The term ‘Family storage management’ mainly consists of two ideas, one is ‘Family 5  Life and Livelihood storage’ and the other is ‘Management’. Here, ‘family storage’ means adequate storage of necessary products, which a family uses. Among these products are rice, lentils, flour, salt, oil, onion, chilly, fish, meat, vegetables etc. And ‘Management’ means the appropriate collection or buying, storage and usage of daily essential products. To do the proper management, we have to be careful that one or more daily essential products (rice, lintel soup, flour, maida, salt, oil, onion, spices etc.) must not run out completely lest there should be problems with preparing the meals for the family. On the other hand, the rotting of one or more necessary stuff due to over-storage must not cause financial loss. Besides that, families should not face monetary problems in buying other necessary goods as they spend a big amount of money for buying one or more daily essential products which they store in excess. One of the key conditions of proper management is to be always economical in using daily essential goods. Considering the financial capability and needs of a family, we may do a weekly or monthly storage management plan. At the beginning of storage management, we need to guess how much and which daily usable products, a family requires at a certain point in time. After that, if possible, we may collect or buy the products as a whole. Buying things in this way, on the one hand, we can buy many items relatively at a lesser price; on the other hand, we can minimise transport costs, and save time by purchasing many goods at a time. Things to Consider in Family Storage Management We can easily solve the problem of the storage shortage or excess storage of the daily used product of our family, by considering some issues regarding family store management. a) To use the product earlier which is brought earlier (in case of quickly perishable products): Some daily necessary products perish quickly (for example vegetables, fish-meat) As a result, in the case of these types of products, we have to use those which are brought earlier. But we have to arrange the same types of daily necessary products in layers in a suitable place or room so that there is a similarity between the list and the real arrangement and each product can be easily found when necessary. b) To fix how much product to buy by keeping what amount of product in store:If we observe, we can see that we don't need the amount of salt or oil as much as we need the amount of rice or vegetable. So, we have to calculate how much product we have to store before buying the rest of the amount needed for a month for each type of product. Academic Year 2024 In that case, the amount will vary for different products. c. To purchase a large amount or wholesale: We know, if we buy a product in a large amount, we can have a discount, the same transport expense and time. So, we have to thank buying the daily necessary products by considering the amount, demand and financial solvency of the family. 6  Exploring Joyful Work Figure 1.2: Storage for one month stacked in a kitchen. d. To fix what amount of product to buy again: In this case, we have to focus on what amount of product to be bought so that products are not wasted by over storage. Besides, we have to keep in mind that we will not store less than we need so that it does not hamper our daily family activities. So we have to fix what amount to buy again considering the daily family needs, cost of the product, cost of storage, amount of discount etc. This method to determine net requirements by fixing the quantity is called "Fixed Order Quantity." Individual work Make a list of daily necessary supplies for your family for one week according to the table given in the next page. Calculate the amount of each product is needed for a Academic Year 2024 week. Finally, calculate how much/what amount of products are to buy to meet the needs for a week. Calculate the amount of money to buy each product. You have to do it with the help of your guardians. Draw the table on your life and livelihood copy and make as many rows as you need. 7  Life and Livelihood Table 1.3: Weekly family storage plan Amount Amount to SI. Product name Weekly needs Price? stored buy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Total price Let's make a family stock ledger Stack ledger by such a list where it is enlisted or mentioned how much is stored of each product, what amount of products is to buy and to use the perishable products earlier etc. If a family regularly follows the stack ledger, then there will be no possibility of want of products or wastage of products due to over-storage. Considering the perishability of products, we can make and use separate ledgers of quickly perishable products and other products (products which are not quickly perishable). Scene 3: Rony's family stock Parents, grandparents and two brothers and sisters are the members of Rony's family. For a few months, Rony calculates the store of daily products of their family and in the meantime the family is getting the benefit of it, getting a clear idea of the demand of each product too. He keeps a monthly record as a stock ledger and tries to buy all other products except quickly perishable ones at the beginning of the month to save money Academic Year 2024 and time. But if guests come or for other reasons, there is a shortage of any particular product, his family buys that product to run for the rest of the days of the month. According to the demand of January 2024, the partial stock ledger of Rony's family (of four daily products) is given below: 8  Exploring Joyful Work For the month of January 2024 Number of family members-6 Family stock ledger (Balanceup to 20 January, 2024) Will I Quantity of Name take the Stock at Newly Current Expected items to be SI. of daily initiative beginning bought stock stock purchased Comments necessities of a new again? purchase? As the present stock is less than the expected stock, 20.00 2.00 10.00 1 Rice 2.00 kg Yes 8.00 kg the initiative should kg kg kg be taken to a new purchase, which will be 8 kg in quantity. No need for a new 2.50 1.25 purchase as the 2 Pulse 0.50 kg 1.00 kg No - kg kg present stock is more than expected. No need for a new purchase as the 4.00 1.50 3 Onion 1.00 kg 1.50 kg No - present stock and kg kg expected stock are the same. Need to take the initiative for buying 1.50 0.50 0.50 kg (1.00-0.50) Academic Year 2024 4 Sugar 0.50 kg 1.00 kg Yes 0.50 kg kg kg as the present stock is less than the expected stock. 9  Life and Livelihood Nowadays our daily activities have increased multiple times. Owing to our busy schedules, we often have to suffer while buying things either from marketplaces or ordering them online. So we can take help from the family stock ledger to make our work easier and more organised. We can ensure the exact supply of required products by applying the techniques of family stock management. In the case of family stock, we will never make over stock. Overstock makes artificial crises of products in the market which is harmful for everyone. Individual work Let's make a stock ledger Make a monthly/weekly family ledger stock with the help of your family members and follow it. Conducting School-based Event Management We observe so many programmes held in our educational institution, home, neighbourhood and in relatives' houses. Examples of such programmes include annual sports competitions, pohela boishakh, celebrations of national days, marriage ceremonies, 'gaye holud', birthdays, seminars, symposiums, sharing business ideas, reception, prize-giving ceremonies, trade fairs, unveiling ceremonies of books, worships, Milad mahfil, cultural evening, study tour, picnic, camping, rally, distribution of relief etc. Depending on the type of programmes it needs huge planning to arrange the programme successfully. It requires special skills to arrange such programmes successfully. For each programme, one needs to consider its uniqueness, dignity, the expectation of the participants, the purpose of the organisers etc. It needs an excellent and perfect plan and to conduct all activities according to the plan to make a successful programme. Nowadays this type of arrangement or management is called 'Ever management'. Due to our busy lives, for arranging this kind of programme, a new profession called 'event management' has got popularity nowadays. The purpose of this profession is to organise the programme nicely and effectively with creative ideas. Now let's see the two arrangements: Parents' meeting 1 Academic Year 2024 Guardians came to the institution in the morning on the parents' meeting day. But they didn't understand where to sit. Some asked the guards, some asked the students. Many guardians stood at the back of the room for insufficient seat arrangement. It was supposed to start at 9:00 am but it started at 10:30 am. The teacher alone could not finish answering all the questions. Everyone was expressing dissatisfaction. Many were 10  Exploring Joyful Work leaving the place before it ended up. Many were absent when there was a discussion on students' attendance and competence. The meeting ended up with quite a chaotic situation. Parents' meeting-2 On the parent's meeting day at the entrance of the school premises, some students welcomed the parents and showed them where to sit on. The room in which the meeting would take place was also displayed on the notice board. No undisciplined situation occurred as the seats were arranged according to the number of guardians allocated in the classroom. Once all the guardian took their seats, the headmaster along with the class teacher welcomed all and started the meeting on time. At the beginning of the meeting, the class teacher explained the purpose of the meeting. After that, the guardians were informed of students' attendance and other activities. The guardians were invited to ask questions about any relevant issues and each question was answered one after another. The meeting ended up within the fixed time. The meeting was announced closed after thanksgiving. Group work Which of the two parent meetings above do you consider to be successful? And why? What kind of mismanagement was there in the first one? Which particular areas need to be focused on for arranging an excellent parent meeting? Things to Consider for Event Management Event management is a detailed plan or process of arranging a programme. In this type of activity, it is possible to present an individual's skill creatively. The points that require attention while arranging such programmes are given below: ¾ Taking effective decisions through group communication: Event management is a group activity, so there should be good understanding among members. The group leader must be wise and skilled. Responsibilities should be distributed among group members based on each member's reliability and dutifulness and his/her ability to accomplish a task smoothly. Especially it is to be monitored that all the members are devoted and active to their tasks. It is also to be monitored that there is no gap in Academic Year 2024 communication (communication gap). ¾ Bringing innovation in arrangement: There should be reflections of creativity in the arrangement of any programme irrespective of its type. Special care should be taken on ensuring innovations in presentation, dignity and anchoring the programme so that the audience does not get bored but rather finds interest and variety. 11  Life and Livelihood Figure 1.3: An event in progress in school ¾ Planning the programme according to needs/goals: Each type of event is arranged to meet a specific type of demand or purpose. For example, the stage designs of the Freshers' Reception, Annual Milad Mahfil or Saraswati puja will not be the same for sure. We have to understand well the requirements of the programme and plan accordingly to decorate and execute them. The plan needs to be reviewed again and again to check if anything is left out of it. ¾ Drawing up an economic budget and executing: We have to consider the event as our own event. Careful attention is needed to avoid extra expenses or unnecessary expenses. We have to adopt the techniques of presenting a decent programme within a moderate budget so that the organizers do not get dissatisfied or uninterested. ¾ Ensuring safety and discipline: This is an essential component of an event which Academic Year 2024 must be ensured. Special security measures for very important (VIP) guests (if any) should be taken. Safety measures should be ensured regarding stage decoration, electric connections, drinking water, entrance, seat plan, and exit points and these must be shown on the plan on stickers, gateway icons etc. for ensuring discipline in movements, entrances, seating arrangements and exits. 12  Exploring Joyful Work ¾ Completing the event in time: Attention should be paid so that the event is completed nicely within the due time. There should be conventions for starting and finishing the events timely. It will raise people's trust. ¾ Ensuring the permission and availability of required/logistic support: Some events require permission- events such as study tours, camping etc. need collecting parents/guardians' letters of permission. It may also be the case that the field or auditorium selected for the event belongs to another institution. In that case, their permission is required. And some events might also require sending invitation cards to the guests. ¾ Ensuring cleanliness and waste management: This is a very important part of an event that we often forget to do. We have to clean the trash/garbage bins spread over here and there, the room, the field or the surrounding right after the event. The organisers have to leave the place after ensuring total cleanliness including the returns of chairs and tables to their specific spots. An event can not be claimed to be completed leaving the spot dirty or messy. The image of the event management team depends on this. There are many things besides the above-mentioned tasks which are necessary to run an excellent event. Good organization, discipline and overall control are essential to complete a successful and nice event. The skills that one needs to practise for event management are as follows: Communication Skill: It is an important skill for event management. Both verbal and written skills are required to arrange an event. One needs to be an expert in communication for speaking face to face or over the telephone, making and distributing invitation letters, collecting and delivering all kinds of information related to the event, circulating the event and convincing people toward a decision that has been made out of consensus. For example, sending invitation letters to the guardians for parents' meetings, confirming their attendance over the phone, and in special cases, convincing them to attend the meeting, hiring chairs from decorators by bargaining if there is a shortage of chairs. Organisation and time management skills: Organising skill is vital for event management. The success of an event does not depend on a particular person or an Academic Year 2024 individual. The event is flawlessly worked out by combining the responsibilities of all group members. So, one has to be able to engage all in their respective tasks. Besides, one has to be skilled in having the task done by ensuring the best use of time within a given timeframe. Budget management skill: It is a very vital skill. One has to get the skill of drafting the 13  Life and Livelihood budget following the event design while maintaining and running accounts for buying or renting materials or other stuff, paying for conveyance, paying for labourer wages and special honorarium etc. Creativity and innovative skill: One must have to be creative in the arrangement and direction of an event. The success of an event depends on the innovative and attractive presentation, decoration and discipline. Innovative skill and creativity development is possible through regular practice. We will be able to know the details about it from different courses related to it or during higher education. The experience we gather through the journey of arranging different events opens the field of expressing our thoughts or ideas in organised ways. Excellent development of multi-talent is seen when many responsibilities are distributed, controlled and coordinated together. We can set up an event planner in our school with the help of teachers. Recently it is getting popularity as a creative and budding profession. In this profession, there is a huge opportunity to demonstrate an individual's creativity, talent and skill. Some popular designations of this profession are event planner, event manager, event organizer, event co-ordinator etc. You already have been informed that there are some events to create public awareness which play a vital role to remove superstition and ignorance from society and to ensure safety and security during different disasters. Now we will work on such an awareness- raising event. Project work Fire drill: Arrange a fire drill in school. Develop a nice plan with your organizational head, other teachers and students. You can arrange a fire drill in your school with the help of BNCC, Rover Scouts and Girls' Guides (if possible, you can engage a firefighter by properly communicating with the fire service institute through your organizational head). Hints for project work You can work by getting into groups under the supervision of a teacher to complete the Academic Year 2024 fire drill project successfully. For example- a) Collecting information and trainers team b) Communication and disciplinary team c) Budget and equipment preparation team d) Planning and overall direction team 14  Exploring Joyful Work e) Reporters team Each team makes a plan and lists the responsibility of team members. Prepare your- selves as a trainer by collecting information/data following the plan. Try to take help from the Fire Service/Rover Scouts/Girls' Guide if necessary. You can watch the video of a fire drill. You may have some ideas from "Let's know some information" of this chapter. Make a list of possible equipment that might be required. Try to collect them. Try to identify any lack of coordination by holding a dummy rehearsal/drill. Then take the final preparation by making a more flawless plan and supervision. On the final day, surprise all by presenting the best of your efforts. The reporter team will keep a record of everything from the first day to the final day and after the drill is over share it with all and submit the full report to the teacher including opinions or feedback from others. Figure 1.4: Fire drill under the direction of students' direction Academic Year 2024 Individual work Mention the strengths and weaknesses of conducting fire drills. 15  Life and Livelihood Table 1.4: Evaluation of the event Strength Weakness 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. Make a list of how many awareness events you can conduct in groups as the students of the school (hints: cleanliness awareness campaign, tree plantation campaign, a rally protesting early marriage.....etc.). There is a famous quote, "Only those who find pleasure in work are fortunate" from a foreign play "Show Boat". And our task/job will be pleasant only when there is interest, no boredom in the work. Because boredom creates tiredness and fatigue. The way to remove the monotony of work is to make it enjoyable and bring variety to it. Research shows that blood pressure and level of oxygen decrease in the body along with uneasiness, headache, and mood swing when there is an apathy towards work. On the other hand, blood pressure and oxygen intake get normal when we find interest and Academic Year 2024 pleasure in work. So, one needs to find new ideas or concepts for doing work so that it simultaneously removes tiredness. That's why let's live in pleasure and work with pleasure. 16  Exploring Joyful Work Self-evaluation a) What steps you have taken for stock management of your family?................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... b) Suppose, you have got the responsibility to arrange a get-together with your mother's childhood friends. Make/Draw a plan of how you will run the event to present them with a day full of pleasant atmosphere. c) Make a programme schedule for observing '21st February, International Mother Language Day' with due admiration in your school. Academic Year 2024 17  Life and Livelihood What we have learnt in this chapter.......[ put tick (∙) mark in the applicable place] SI. Tasks Not done Partially Well done (5) (1) done (3) 1 Completing a review chart 2 Collaborative work list to increase family income 3 Create an idea using any traditional product in your locality to help your family financially. 4 Developing the concept of stock management 5 Effective initiatives for family stock management 6 To make a family stock ledger 7 Developing the concept of event management 8 Active participation in 'Fire drills' Total score: 40 My score: Comment of the Guardian: New learning in this chapter Academic Year 2024 Teacher's remark 18  Exploring Joyful Work Let's Know Some Information (For a Fire drill, you may need to collect some information from the nearby Fire service. Here is given some general information for the benefit of your task) The purpose of the Fire drill The drill is arranged to ensure that everyone knows how to exit safely as quickly as possible in case of a fire or other emergency. This type of drill is conducted to secure the highest safety of the home, house, institution and ourselves from fire and fire accidents and to maintain a safe environment everywhere. The purpose of a Fire drill is to keep preparation for any emergency like a fire incident or any other accident and take preventive measures for any unexpected incident. Besides we need to know the uses of necessary machinery and safety equipment to control the fire safely which we can learn from the Fire drill. Fire Fighters for a fire drill The firefighters are divided into three groups for extinguishing fire, executing rescue and first aid of the injured. For example Firefighters, Rescue Team, and First Aid Team. Firefighters: They wear a yellow apron written "Fire" in red colour on its back. Primarily it extinguishes fire. Rescue Team: They wear yellow apron written 'Rescue' in red colour on its back. This team rescues the injured. First Aid Team: They wear white coloured aprons with the words 'First Aid' printed in red colour on the back. This team provides first aid to the injured on the spot of the incident. Things to do if a fire takes place Academic Year 2024 ¾ Not to get nervous ¾ To call the emergency number (999) and the fire service (16163) ¾ To turn off the main switch in case of a fire incident, not to use water on oily substances to put off the fire. 19  Life and Livelihood ¾ To cover the body with a wet blanket or to tumble down/roll about on the floor if there is fire on clothes. ¾ It's dangerous to use water for fire from oily substances. We have to use portable foam-type fire extinguishers or dry sand or wet clothes. ¾ Supreme priority should be given to saving life rather than shifting valuable products/ stuff. ¾ The fact of decency of the victim should be under consideration during the procedure of rescue. ¾ We have to be careful about smoke because many deaths occur due to the choking caused by smoke. Cautions ¾ We have to keep a bucket of sand in the kitchen or within reach in each house for the sake of security. ¾ We have to keep fire extinguishers on each floor of the house and teach the use of it to all. Fire extinguishers should have to be changed before they expire. ¾ There must be fire exits in a multi storied building. ¾ To stick the number of fire services in place so that anybody can see it easily. ¾ Unnecessary curious gathering hinders the movement of the vehicles of fire service during a fire. It should be avoided. লশক্কার্র্ ্ব 2024 20  Pathways to Skills Development আসদে নতুন লেন, আসদে নতুন মোেশকা ককালরগলরর ভুর্ন আমকায় মোেখকায় স্বপ্ন-আশকা ককাদজর মকাদে আত্মতৃলতি, ককাদজর মকাদে ভলতি সচি হর্ েক্েকায়, আসদর্ অর্ ্বননলেক মুলতি। In addition to study, we can gain skills on various tasks from different institutions around the country. However, our aims should not only be to earn or increase reputation through these acquired skills! We have to give highest focus on how to utilize these skills for the welfare of the country. Only then, our/skills can enlighten us all. Academic লশক্কার্র্ ্ব 2024Year 2024 21  Life and Livelihood New needs for changing profession You must have noticed that with the time, there has been a continuous change in the nature of work and professions. There are times when fried puffed rice and pitha were prepared in our home with a festive mood. A week-long customs and decoration used to continue during wedding, organizing dalas of gaye holud, painting alpana on clay pots, decorating hands of the bride with henna along with joyous songs and designing stage! Our mother, aunts, sisters and sisters in law used to do such activities together. Now, all of them remain busy at office, court, factories or at their work place. As a result, puffed rice making has gone to factories, packaged puffed rice are now available in the shelves of our neighbourhood groceries. Similarly, the responsibilities of decorating the home have started shifting to the event management organizations. Puffed rice Selling: Once in the past Puffed rice Salling: Nowadays Figure 2.1: Transformation of occupation In this way the area of work such as supplying of cake, pitha or afternoon meal, practising folk culture, making and marketing of folk products, producing and selling of plant seedlings of both home and abroad, nursing and training on pets, displaying of fashion house online, creating online contents etc. are growing fast worldwide. These work, and positions and professions related to service providers are being created as city life becomes busier. Such new and innovative field of work has been growing from Academic Year 2024 our necessity or demand. Now, as per our time limit, we are going to find a known person from our locality or anybody from our family/relatives to see whether they are working in such changing professions. We will listen to their experiences about these new types of work or professions upon discussing with them and fill in the table 2.1. 22  Pathways to Skills Development Table 2.1: Story about new profession Details of the profession Story behind his/ her coming to this profession How he/she has created an area of work in this profession What skills have worked in this profession What ethics he/ she follows in this profession How far is the scope in this profession? How is the demand of this profession? His/her dream/ planning with this profession Skill changes in occupation as per demands You must have learnt by now that doing any task properly or perfectly within the given time is considered as one's skills in that task. Based on the 4th industrial revolution, extensive changes have come in education and skills. The field of existing platforms Academic Year 2024 and skills is changing overnight. The rate of change in the last decade is higher than in the past few decades. Some professions or jobs have fallen under threat. On the other hand, new areas are emerging in professional fields. Skills are getting priority in all cases like jobs, business and self-employment. "Not only credential or certificate, rather what I am capable of doing" – is the key factor to consider in the current world market. 23  Life and Livelihood Figure 2.2: An air of change in the profession We have seen even a decade ago that many people used to sell their products in the alleys and lanes by calling aloud but now, we can see that they use small or large rechargeable mikes. As a result, they don't need to shout out and for this, the stress on their voice has been reduced. Such kinds of changes can be found in other professions too. Such as, the barber now cuts hair with a trimmer instead of scissors. Besides that, many technological aspects have been added to this profession that has opened up more opportunities for a salon worker. If you notice a little, you can also see the changes in the professions of the people around us. You must have learned many things in classes six and seven on this topic; here we will discuss in detail a little bit more. These changes in professions are more visible in the international domain. For example, a greater touch of modernity is seen in the agricultural work of different countries of the world. Farmers use drones in the cultivation sector for spraying fertilizers and insecticides. In various countries, vehicle drivers can search for a location and their passengers' destinations via mobile apps. Developed countries are using modern tools and robots in the field of industries. The labourer who used to do the packaging by sitting, he/she is conducting a similar task Academic Year 2024 by utilizing robots. New professions begin to emerge from the time of the Corona outbreak. Home delivery is one of the best among these. And focusing on this home delivery approach, the huge market of online-based businesses has developed around the world. 24  Pathways to Skills Development Group work Change in skills Analyse the workplace and tasks of a professional who works at a salon or parlour. Observe the following table considering the examples what changes can be added. Then choose another known work area of yours and identify the nature of work and changes in skills. Table 2.2: Changes in the nature of work and skills Name of the Change in the nature of work Change in skills profession Salon or Use of various tools such Skills in using modern tools parlour as- trimmer, steam machine Skills in learning about various worker etc. cosmetic items and their proper Use of various cosmetic application items such as- expansion of Skills in using mobile and the work like hair implants and internet. Skill development related hair growth to new hairstyles and hair setting Providing services by using through regular training various mobile applications in developed countries Academic Year 2024 25  Life and Livelihood Case-1: Grooming of Sanjida as an agricultural scientist Quite a few years back today, Sanjida lived in a small village. Most villagers were farmers. They relied on traditional cultivation methods which was not enough to face the challenges related to modern climate change. As a result, for the last few years, crops were not good. This made her concerned. Sanjida thought that if the farmers of her village could cultivate knowing the agricultural science, then they did not have to face such difficulties for sure. That is why, one day she asked her teacher, 'What does an agriculture scientist do, how to become an agro-scientist?’ Giving a curious look at her, the teacher answered, 'An agro-scientist studies agriculture and science which include crop production, genetics of plants, soil science, pest control, animal reproduction and many other subjects.' Hearing the teacher, Sanjida felt a deep interest inside her and she understood that she would have to become an agriculture scientist to help the farmers of her village and to bring success to their dreams of developing their crops. After returning from school, she shared her plan with her parents. The parents supported her dream. Sanjida started collecting information from different sources to know various facts about agriculture. She came to know that to become a professional agricultural scientist, higher education is necessary. Sanjida was admitted to the college after completing her school. After that, she studied soil science, plant physiology, crop management and other agro-related subjects in the undergraduate programme of the Agriculture University. She also completed her higher studies programme on time. Then she kept applying for scholarships to various Universities for further studying agricultural subjects, and for conducting research, and finally, she got an opportunity to get enrolled in a renowned Agricultural University. There she gathered a huge experience in the field of agriculture by conducting in-hand research with her professors on soil, crop and seed production. After returning home, Sanjida planned to do more research on agriculture. According to her plan, she conducted research with assistance from Agricultural University on sustainable agriculture and the application of modern technology in agriculture; and she presented her findings at various conferences. At last, Sanjida started her professional life as an agriculture scientist. She came back to her own village with her higher education, research experience, new ideas Academic Year 2024 and innovative cultivation method. As per her dream, she started working with the farmers closely and helped them to use modern technology to develop their crops. Many appreciated Sanjida’s contribution, and she got many rewards for her work. In this way, Sanjida proved that anyone could bring changes to society through relevant higher studies by dint of proper guidelines and stronger commitment. 26  Pathways to Skills Development Group work Pathways to be skilled What preparations did Sanjida take and what type of educational degree she had to obtain to become a scientist? Discuss in a group which institutions she approached for training and research. An air of change in the profession Our garment industry is one of the largest export-oriented industries. To let these industries march ahead, professionals or workers do thousands of works with great skills, such as sewing machine operation, fabric cutting, pattern making, quality control, inspection and packaging. Even, there are work like research, design and development where one can implement the task by creating a new design. Besides that, there are also job opportunities in the area of management, sales and marketing. Again, many have to work to supply, distribute and monitor the clothes to retail shops. However, garment industries are changing fast due to technology. Some work has already been automated, which means, machines are working in place of humans. For example, robots are sewing clothes with speed and perfection. Now a machine can cut more than the number of clothes which ten cutting masters could cut in a day in the past. So, we can assume that in future many tasks of the workers will be under the control of machines. Alongside automation, technological improvement has brought a change in the methods of dress-making and selling. For example, 3-D printing technology is used before production to make a prototype design of the dress. This helps the designers to coordinate with speed and skills. Technology has brought changes in the process of sales of garments. For example, online shopping is increasing gradually and customers know in advance how they might look in a dress by using virtual try-on technology. Academic Year 2024 Figure 2.3: Change in the work pattern and skills in the garment industries 27  Life and Livelihood Due to the continuous growth of the garment industries, some new employment opportunities will be created that were not present in the past such as programming and maintenance of technology-based machines. More opportunities in design and development will be opened because garment industries want to develop unique and creative products. Besides that, there may be more employment opportunities in e-commerce. Because more people will buy online in future and organisations will develop their new medium for marketing and sales of their products. Some fields of work and professions have already been closed. Such as; floor in-charge, supervisor, cutting master etc. For those who are interested in working in the garment industry, it is very important to know how these industries are changing. They can prepare themselves for future jobs by keeping pace with new technologies and trends, and they can decide on their career. Figure 2.4: Skill development and promotion Academic Year 2024 Suppose, Tuli Gomes started working in the garments after passing SSC. She needed to develop new skills at her workplace after five years. So, Tuli with the approval from her office, got admitted to a technical institution to gain the necessary skills and she got a certificate as recognition. When she returned to her office, she got promoted as a designer from her organization. 28  Pathways to Skills Development Individual work Other than the examples from the table, select any professions from the garment industries. Discuss with a person from that profession and fill in the table below by collecting data from other sources. Table 2.3: Change in skills in various professions Field Name Description of the Future area of of the of the Change in skills current work the profession profession profession Sewing Use of sewing Sewing by Managing operator machine robot robots and Garments programming industry Dress Conducting Conducting Use of the sales distribution and distribution and internet, worker sales at the shop sales online managing sales website Variations in the sector-wise profession and skills Agriculture Developed countries in the world as well as our country are giving greater importance to the agriculture sector. There are huge employment opportunities in the agriculture sector in our labour market. Moreover, in the foreign or international labour market, there are demands for various professions relating to this sector such as experienced farmers, agricultural scientists, crop managers, veterinarians, environmental analysts, food processors etc. Let us know what skills a farmer requires to become an experienced farmer. Academic Year 2024 First, he/she needs knowledge and skills to prepare land for crop production. Other than that, it is very important to have skills for organic and planned ways of producing crops, protection of crops through modern technology, application method of fertilizer and pesticide, storing crops and overall marketing. On the other hand, to become an agriculturist, it is essential to have knowledge of new agricultural innovations, agriculture methods, 29  Life and Livelihood Figure 2.5: Change in agricultural-based professional skills. crop production and management process. Besides this, it is necessary to have enough knowledge of agricultural technology, financial management and planning skills. Technology We can see that with the growth of technology, there is an increased demand for technology-based jobs both at home and abroad. In connection with this, there is a huge need among present and future desired jobs like technological service, graphic designing, programming, cyber security, data entry, web development etc. Experienced graphic designers prepare audio-visual content for the information sector in a fancy and attractive way by using other various tools and mediums including print, film, electronic, digital, visual and audio. Graphic designers create graphics, beautiful paintings, special effects, animations and other visuals for use in publications and advertisements computer games, movies and musical videos. In this area, almost every day, new software and apps are added which they have to be Academic Year 2024 Image 2.6: Change in technology-based professional skills 30  Pathways to Skills Development aware of and they need to develop skills to work with this new software. At present, this is a very competitive market. The most important skill is to be able to work by coping with the updated technology to keep his/her existence in this market. Service To match the growth of technology, there has come a big change in the service-oriented profession like teaching. Traditional jug-mug or chalk-talk methods can no longer survive with the current education system. Teachers have to increase their knowledge a lot to Figure 2.7: Change in service-based professional skills answer curious questions from the students of a new generation. Complex information and theories need to be made visible through multimedia. Online classes need to be taken, assignments have to be given with the help of online meeting platforms and Academic Year 2024 various project-related instructions need to be given. So, teachers also have to develop skills in knowledge, science and updated technologies. There is also a change in the area of the medical profession. Among these, we can notice a big change in the profession of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, paramedics, caregivers etc. So, to become a skilled doctor, one has to gather huge knowledge and skills in medical science and technology. 31  Life and Livelihood Moreover, to do life-saving work, one has to develop skills to control calmness and mental stability. A doctor has to develop skills to operate through a laser ray which in the past, has to be conducted by surgery. To become a pharmacist, one has to have adequate knowledge about medicine production, sales and medicine for various diseases. In addition, one must have the skills to observe and review regularly the most recent research work on medicine. Doctors have to know about nuclear science, physics and chemistry etc. to serve the people. On the other hand, the demand for the housekeeping profession is increasing gradually in the international field. Housekeeping professionals are involved with all the activities related to various internal aspects of their institutions, such as cleanliness, laundry and internal decoration. Those who can show intelligence, smartness and creativity, have a great demand in this type of profession. Industry With the increased demand of the production sector, industries grow in all countries. These factories need many engineers. To become an engineer, one needs engineering knowledge and technological skills. Besides this, there are opportunities at the factories for work or jobs in many areas, such as production workers, packaging workers, machine controllers, cleaners etc. Again, plumber and pipefitter professionals work related to construction, supply of liquid and gaseous elements and connecting lines for circulation to different establishments of housing and industrial sectors, repair and maintenance. Plumbing and pipefitting are very important parts of the civil engineering and construction industries. Not only in housing establishments, they also work at all types of industrial factories and development projects including oil refineries or gas fields. A skilled and experienced plumber has a huge demand worldwide. Academic Year 2024 Figure 2.8: Types of the skill of worker in the industriual sector activities 32  Pathways to Skills Development Group work Write the name of total seven names of different sectors in the table by discussing in groups and identifying the necessary skills for these. Table 2.4: Necessary skill for profession Name of SL Necessary skill professions Proper use of vacuum cleaner (carpet, floor cleaners), 1. Cleaner wipers (floor glass and cleaners) etc. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Skills we need for tomorrow's professions From the earlier discussion, we have got some ideas about the continuous changes in the world of jobs. It is very important to realize how these changes can influence our future workplace or job opportunities. A great change we have noticed with the increasing use of technology in the workplace. Machine is doing some tasks now which were done in hand before. According to World Economic Forum, it is assumed that 85 million jobs may not exist by 2025 due to technological changes. They also have predicted that new job fields can be created in the sectors like health service, renewable energy, technology and education. For example, opportunities for new jobs are being Academic Year 2024 created like software development in the field of technology, cyber security and data analysis. Therefore, more job opportunities are being created, some jobs are being lost though. It is very important to develop both fundamental and technological skills to face the changes in the professions in future. 33  Life and Livelihood Fundamental skills Some skills are needed in all professions which are known as nontechnological skills or fundamental skills. Fundamental skill means personal characteristics which lead a person to the right track. Fundamental skills include teamwork, discussion, solving conflicts, communication, critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving, decision- making, planning etc. For example, critical thinking is very important because one can take the right discussion analysing critical situations with this skill. Creativity is a very necessary skill using which one can find innovative solutions to a problem by going beyond conventional ideas. On the other side, communication skill builds the relationship with others. As a result, one's honour, dignity and importance increase at the workplace. Technical or technological skill Technological skill is the example of specific knowledge and skill which is necessary for conducting a particular task or solving a problem. For example, the use of medical equipment in the health sector and technological knowledge and skill for the quality treatment of patients is essential. Technological skills are needed for information technology: for example, coding, making software, cyber security etc. are essential for using and implementing technology. Let's take an example of a software engineer. He/she must develop technological skills like coding and different programming languages. Besides this, he/she must have core skills like critical thinking, creativity and collaboration. So, we can say that in the twenty-first century, it is essential for all to have fundamental skills and technological skills to be successful in the workplace. Individual task Select a profession for you which may exist in the year 2030. Make a list of skills you should develop for that profession. Table 2.5: Skills for potential work in 2030 Name of Name of skills profession Academic Year 2024 Writing business plan Writing financial plan business Making budget Analysing the market demand 34  Pathways to Skills Development Introduction to our technical and vocational education We can see some professionals around us who conduct so many tasks manually, operate machines, supervise, do processing and packaging etc. But do you know where they have studied? From where have they developed the competency and skills of doing these types of tasks? They went to technical and vocational education institutes. Technical education is a training and work-based education involving technology. In this learning method, training is given in a modern and scientific way for the use of tools and machinery of information technology, industry, agriculture and factory. There are many institutions in our country from where these types of competence and skills can be developed. In short, it can be said that Technical and Vocational Education and Training or TVET is a stream of our existing curriculum which helps a student get appropriate knowledge and develop skills to get a job or employment besides learning. They share their experiences and exercise the way to be productive at the workplace. There is an opportunity to learn about the security and well-being of workers and the working environment. In the developed countries a revolution in the field of industry and agriculture has taken place through technical education. Technical education helps increase national income and achieve self-dependency by using and applying modern machinery and equipment in production sectors. At present, there are 2517 institutions under the Directorate of Technical Education, 98 institutes under the Bureau of Manpower Employment and Training, and about seven thousand private technical education and training institutes in Bangladesh. Besides this, the project of founding a technical school and college, and many more institutions Academic Year 2024 including a women's polytechnic institute in each Upazila is in progress. Technical institutes are known as polytechnic/mono-technic institutes, technical schools and colleges, technical training centres, engineering colleges, technical teachers training colleges, vocational teachers training colleges etc. These institutions conduct different types of short courses and long courses. 35  Life and Livelihood Building a career in technical and vocational education Now, let's know when and how we can get admitted to these institutes. Firstly, we, who like technical knowledge and skills, and who want to enter into the world of profession quickly by learning, can choose technical and vocational education as the foundation. We can get admission in 2 years long SSC vocational course after passing class eight from technical school and college (TSC) and we can get admission in 2 years long vocational course in any TSC after passing SSC. At present, there are 104 TSCs in Bangladesh and projects of founding newer TSCs (329) are in progress. After passing SSC or HSC, any student can get admission in 4 year diploma course in any polytechnic institute. Currently, there are 50 polytechnic institutes in Bangladesh. The Government has taken the initiative to find more 23 new polytechnic institutes. Along with the existing polytechnic institutes, the projects of founding 4 more new polytechnic institutes for women have started in 4 divisions. The projects of 4 more new engineering institutes are in progress. Besides, they are giving skill-based training in short-term courses in 527 registered training organizations. They give national skill certificates after finishing four months of training courses successfully. With this certificate, it is very easy to enter the work field at home and abroad. Interested learners can take short courses in technical training centres at any time of the year. The interesting thing is that one can get admission to these institutes after passing class eight and he/she can be enrolled in various types of short courses. Now let's hear the story of an engineer named Shimul. Case 2: Rising of a Shimul From his childhood, Shimul loves to play with noughts, screws etc. His father dreams that he will be an engineer after growing up. That's why his mother sticks to his study. But Shimul has attraction for other activities. He finds pleasure to fix the broken tap of his house, fitting the tube, tightening the gas lines etc. There are endless complaints from Shimul's parents about it. One of Shimul's cousins named Bashir lives in London. Once he comes to visit Shimul's house. Shimul's mother starts complaining him about all his activities. Being surprised, Bashir asked," Is it? Then he has a bright future!" Shimul's father frowns and angrily asks, "What does it mean?" Bashir says," Uncle, admit him to a pipe fitting course in a polytechnic institute. He will be a genius plumber. I will take him to London. In London, a plumber has a huge demand. They are highly paid. He will have a better living than the engineers of our country who pass in a Academic Year 2024 conventional system." His words touch them. They get Shimul admitted to TSC. He starts studying and practising happily with his fondness. He learns well how to work at national and international standard and starts working in different institutes on contract. Besides, he gets admission to a diploma course in a technical college and continues classes. Not 36  Pathways to Skills Development only that, he starts taking classes as a guest teacher at TSC. He experiments with his design by getting new ideas about it. Within a few days, he starts to train practically some of the boys in his locality to minimize his workload. He not only focuses on work but also trains them on ethics and morality (loyalty, honesty, punctuality) and etiquettes and manners of communication. As a result, a well-educated, righteous, punctual and hardworking/ industrious plumber team is formed. This team has been working for 2 years in his locality and outside of his locality with a reputation. Shimul is now the Managing Director of a plumber company and a great engineer. Many contracts are coming from both online and offline. He earns so much money that even he cannot think of going to his brother Bashir in London. In reply to his brother Bashir's phone call he says, "Now I am popular in my locality; I dream that my company will get huge publicity in the whole country shortly. And after a few days, the invitation will come to my company from abroad. My name and fame will spread internationally along with the name and fame of my company." Telling this he starts smiling with contentment/ satisfaction. As if his dreams are playing with his smile! Group work Analyze the case of Shimul and fill up the following table related to different courses of the present technical and vocational education of Bangladesh by collecting and analyzing the information from different sources. Table 2.6: Technical and vocational education Name of the courses Course duration Type of technical institution SSC vocational.........years TSC HSC vocational.........years.......... Academic Year 2024 37  Life and Livelihood Visiting technical and vocational institutions and searching for the skills of the future We, along with our fellow students, will visit a technical institution under the supervision of a teacher on the appointed day. The purpose of this visit is to learn what type of skills are practised here at present and find out the future of the institution which means to find out what kinds of skills we need for working in future. We have learnt and practised event management in the last chapter. Using that experience, we will make a site visit checklist (a sample list is given in the appendix/ supplement) by forming a committee under the supervision of a teacher. Then we will complete our visit considering the mentioned information on the checklist. But if the institute is far away in that case, we will visit with our guardian/family on a holiday or students of the same locality may visit (in groups) an institution/organization which works on technical and vocational training. The factors to consider for making a visit plan: 1. Fixing the date and time 2. Forming a committee 3. Informing the institution about the visit by sending a letter 4. Making a site visit checklist. 5. Planning a feedback session after visiting. 6. Sending a thank letter. Individual task Write about your feelings after visiting the institution. You can also write about your plan if you have any about technical and vocational education. If you need, you can submit your plan writing on a separate paper. In most of the developed countries in the world, much importance is given on the vocational and technical education. Productive sectors create the most employment in the job market in the present world. New industrial sectors are established to deconstruct developed Bangladesh, and big industries of the world are investing here. These modern Academic Year 2024 technological institutions need skilled manpower which can be built by vocational and technical education. Besides, they arrange different courses and training to become an entrepreneur. There are many demands for skilled manpower in any sector of home and abroad. So, we will be advanced on the way to financial prosperity developing our skills through technical and vocational education. 38  Pathways to Skills Development Self-evaluation a) Mention how many opportunities for vocational and technical education are there in your locality. b)Which technical and vocational jobs are in demand in your locality you think? c) Choose a profession for each sector of agriculture, industry and service and mention what kinds of opportunities for higher education are there in our country for the chosen profession. d) Suppose, you want to study next in a technical institution. In that case, what type of trade will you choose? What is the reason for choosing the trade? What type of role the trade will play in the future labour market you think? Academic Year 2024 39  Life and Livelihood What we have done in this chapter.....[put tick (∙) mark in the applicable place] Not done Partially done SL Tasks