Japan From Isolation to Empire PDF

Japan From Isolationism to World Power  3 Key Periods Sengoku Era (1467-1603) Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868) Meiji Restoration (1868-1912) Japan  Sengoku Era Also known as the Warring States Period Emperor reigned but did not rule. Real power was in the han...

Japan From Isolationism to World Power  3 Key Periods Sengoku Era (1467-1603) Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868) Meiji Restoration (1868-1912) Japan  Sengoku Era Also known as the Warring States Period Emperor reigned but did not rule. Real power was in the hands of the Shogun (military ruler) and daimyo (local warlords). Worldview: a combination of Confucian, Buddhist and Shinto beliefs The West Arrives (mid-16th Century) Culture characterized by warfare, fascination with European goods This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA  Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1582- 1598) Invaded Korea in 1592 & 1598 - wanted natural resources and then to invade China. Developed a rigid class system: warrior (shi), farmer (no), artisan (ko) and merchant (sho). No movement between levels allowed. 1587 Expulsion of Christian missionaries  Tokugawa Ieyasu (r.1603- 1616) Hideyoshi’s transition plan: 5 ministers would share the role of regent for his son The 5 fought for control Tokugawa Ieyasu takes control and proclaims himself shogun. His family will be the most powerful and long-lasting shogunate in Japan’s history. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA The Tokugawa Shogunate is also known as the Edo Period Edo is the area of modern Tokyo It is known as a period of peace and centralization of power Ruled through the bakufu : a coalition of daimyo and a council of elders. The Shogun kept control by having the daimyo live both in their own domain and in Edo. He also kept the daimyo’s families hostage in Edo. Samurai evolved from a warrior class to an administrative class  1635 Closing of Japan Effectively cut Japan off from Western nations for 200 years Japan did maintain relations with Korea and China  Fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate 1825 – View of “foreigners” 1830s - Poor harvests and famine 1853 - Matthew Perry and the Treaty of Kanagawa 1860s - Samurai discontent January 1868 - Military forces of Satsuma and Choshu march into the imperial city. Black Ships in Tokyo Bay. The arrival of a U.S. fleet commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853 caused consternation among many Japanese observers, who were intimidated by the size and ominous presence of the American ships. This nineteenth-century woodblock print shows curious Japanese paddling out to greet the new arrivals. © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.  Meiji Restoration The “Sat-Cho” alliance proclaimed the authority of the Emperor and ended the shogunate system. The restored Emperor was 14 at the time The Emperor took the name Meiji - “enlightened rule” The Emperor was controlled by the Sat-Cho leaders who empowered him. The Meiji reformers set out to make Japan a modern Empire. The Meiji Emperor. In 1868, reformers overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate and launched an era of rapid modernization in Japan. The emperor traditionally played no military role in Japanese society, but is shown here in a manner that may have been designed to convey the martial character of the new Japan. © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.  Meiji Political Reforms Goal - a modern political system religion, the Western powers The Charter Oath of 1868 20 Years of Study 1890 Constitution Bicameral Legislature and Executive; Authority rested in Emperor as Executive Constitution was a “gift” from the Emperor Core ideology: the uniqueness of the Japanese system and the Supreme Authority of the Emperor. Shinto restored as national religion, and its ceremonies performed at Imperial Court Events  Meiji Modernization Created an imperial army based on universal conscription Education on technical subjects Women allowed to get an education Western ideas and fashions popularized Extreme belief in racial superiority  The Rising Meiji Empire Colonizes Ryukyu islands (c.1873) and Taiwan (c.1895) 1908 annexes Korea 1894 Sino-Japanese War 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War  Meiji Economics New system of landownership and taxes Promotion of Industry and economic self-reliance Close relationship between Government and Industry