Jackson P. - Unit Four Political Patterns and Processes Vocabulary PDF

Unit Four Political Patterns and Processes - Vocabulary Warmup and FRQ Review Directions: Find the definition of each listed Vocabulary Term. Then give an example of the word. Finally combine these into FRQ format using DEFINE as the Task Verb. Additional boxes can be a...

Unit Four Political Patterns and Processes - Vocabulary Warmup and FRQ Review Directions: Find the definition of each listed Vocabulary Term. Then give an example of the word. Finally combine these into FRQ format using DEFINE as the Task Verb. Additional boxes can be added to insert the other Task Verbs. This should allow for more practice with the FRQ’s. 4.1 Introduction to Political Geography Nation State Definition - A state whose territory Example - The United States corresponds to that occupied by a particular because it is governed by a ethnicity that has been transformed into a single independent nationality. government. Define - A nation state is a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. The United States is a prime example because it is governed by a single independent government. Stateless Definition - People without a state. Example - The Kurds with Nation their territory being called “Kurdistan”. Define - A stateless nation is where people are without a state. For example, the Kurds with their territory being called “Kurdistan”. Multi State Definition - A state that contains two or Example - North Korea and Nation more ethnic groups with traditions of self South Korea, and both determination that agree to coexist consider themselves one peacefully by recognizing each other as nation, (without the distinct nationalities. peacefulness). Define - A multi state nation is a state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. For example, North Korea and South Korea; both consider themselves one nation, (without the peacefulness). Autonomous Definition - An area that has a high degree Example - The United States of self government and freedom from its because it does not have to parent state. answer to a more powerful governing body. Define - Autonomous is an area that has a high degree of self government and freedom from its parent state. The United States is an excellent example because it does not have to answer to a more powerful governing body. Semi Definition - A state that has some degree of Example - Hong Kong within Autonomous self government yet still relies heavily on its China, and the Kurdistan parent state. region in Iraq. Define - Semi autonomous is a state that has some degree of self government yet still relies  heavily on its parent state. For example Hong Kong within China, and the Kurdistan region in Iraq. 4.2: Political Processes Devolution Definition - The transfer of some important Example - Corsica for powers from central governments to France, or Sardinia for Italy. sub-governments. Define - Devolution is the transfer of some important powers from central governments to sub-governments. For example Corsica for France, or Sardinia for Italy. Self Definition - The concept that ethnicities Example - A person decides Determination have the right to govern themselves. to become healthy, and decides for themselves the best course of action to become healthy. Define - Self determination is the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves. For example, if a person decides to become healthy, they would decide for themselves the best course of action to become healthy. Sovereignty Definition - The ability of the state to carry Example - The United States out actions or policies within its borders government. independently from interference from the inside of the outside. Define - Sovereignty is the ability of the state to carry out actions or policies within its borders independently from interference from the inside of the outside. For example, the United States government. Colonialism Definition - An attempt by one country to Example - The eastern establish settlements and to impose its seaboard of North America political, economic, and cultural principles was colonized by England. in another territory. Define - Colonialism is an attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. For example, the eastern seaboard of North America when it was colonized by England. Imperialism Definition - A policy of extending a country's Example - The European power and influence through diplomacy or imperial powers carved the military force. continent of Africa among themselves. Define - Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. For example, the European imperial powers carved the continent of Africa among themselves. 4.3: Political Power and Territoriality Neocolonialism Definition - The continued economic Example - A country might dependence of colonies on their former not occupy another militarily occupiers. but can still dictate terms through international financial institutions. Define - Neocolonialism is the continued economic dependence of colonies on their former occupiers. For example, a country might not occupy another militarily but can still dictate terms through international financial institutions. Shatterbelt Definition - Zones of great cultural Example - Sudan, Balkan, complexity containing many small cultural Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey groups who find refuge in the isolation are all considered shatterbelt created by rough terrain. regions. Define - A shatterbelt are zones of great cultural complexity containing many small cultural groups who find refuge in the isolation created by rough terrain. Countries like Sudan, Balkan, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey are all considered shatterbelt regions. Choke Point Definition - A geographical land feature Example - The Thermopylae causing a decrease in foreign flow. Pass. Define - A choke point is a geographical land feature causing a decrease in foreign flow. For example, the Thermopylae Pass on the east coast of central Greece. Territoriality Definition - A concept of when people want Example - The Berlin Wall, to control land to exert their influence over highlighting the symbolic and people. physical power of territorial boundaries. Define - Territoriality is a concept of when people want to control land to exert their influence over people. For example, the Berlin Wall, highlighting the symbolic and physical power of territorial boundaries. 4.4: Defining Political Boundaries Relic Boundary Definition - A boundary that has ceased to Example - The Great Wall of function, but whose imprints are still evident China in the cultural landscape. Define - A relic boundary is a boundary that has ceased to function, but whose imprints are still evident in the cultural landscape. For example, the Great Wall of China. Superimposed Definition - Barriers drawn in an area with Example - The boundaries in Boundary complete disregard and ethnic divisions Africa negotiated by within the people living there. European powers. Define - A superimposed boundary are barriers drawn in an area with complete disregard and ethnic divisions within the people living there. For example the boundaries in Africa negotiated by European powers. Subsequent Definition - A boundary line that is Example - The boundary Boundary established after the area in question has between Northern Ireland and been settled and that considers the cultural the Republic or Ireland. characteristics of the bounded area. Define - A subsequent boundary is a boundary line that is established after the area in question has been settled and that considers the cultural characteristics of the bounded area. For example, the boundary between Northern Ireland and the Republic or Ireland. Antecedent Definition - Boundaries that were created Example - The boundary Boundary before the present day cultural landscape between the USA and developed. Canada was drawn by the colonizers before they colonized North America. Define - An antecedent boundary are boundaries that were created before the present day cultural landscape developed. For example, the boundary between the USA and Canada was drawn by the colonizers before they colonized North America. Geometric Definition - Straight lines drawn on a map to Example - Borders between Boundary divide specific states. any state on a map, like the United States and Canada. Define - A geometric boundary are straight lines drawn on a map to divide specific states. For example, borders between any state on a map, like the United States and Canada. Consequent Definition - Boundaries set by ethnic Example - The division of Boundary differences, especially those based on Germany into East and West language and/or religion. after World War Two. Define - Consequent boundaries are boundaries set by ethnic differences, especially those based on language and/or religion. For example, the division of Germany into East and West after World War Two. Physical Definition - Physical features that make up Example - The Rio Grande Boundary a boundary. between the United States and Mexico. Define - A physical boundary are physical features that make up a boundary. For example, the Rio Grande between the United States and Mexico. Exclave Definition - Small bits of territory that lie on Example - Alaska because coasts separated from the state by the it’s not part of the contiguous territory of another state. continental United States. Define - An exclave are small bits of territory that lie on coasts separated from the state by the territory of another state. Alaska could be a great example because it’s not part of the contiguous continental United States. Enclave Definition - Territory that is landlocked Example - Lesotho, which is within another country, so that the county completely surrounded by  totally surrounds it. South Africa. Define - En enclave is a territory that is landlocked within another country, so that the county totally surrounds it. For example, the state of Lesotho which is completely surrounded by South Africa. Positional Definition - Occurs when states argue Example - The dispute over (Definitional) about where the border actually is. the border between India and Dispute China in the region of Aksai Chin. Define - A positional dispute occurs when states argue about where the border actually is. For example, the dispute over the border between India and China in the region of Aksai Chin. Resource Definition - A dispute regarding natural Example - Mineral deposits, (Allocational) resources. fertile farmland, or rick fishing Dispute groups, that lie in border areas. Define - A resource dispute is a dispute regarding natural resources. For example, mineral deposits, fertile farmland, or rick fishing groups that lie in border areas. Functional Definition - Arises when neighboring states Example - Disagreement over (Operational) cannot agree on policies that apply in a the management of the Nile Dispute border area. River between Egypt and Sudan. Define - A functional dispute arises when neighboring states cannot agree on policies that apply in a border area. For example, the disagreement over the management of the Nile River between Egypt and Sudan. 4.5: The Function of Political Boundaries Median Line Definition - A boundary visible and relatively Example - Cuba and the Principal unchanging. Typically set in the middle of United States have to share the water. water because they are 90 miles from each other. Define - A median line principle is a boundary visible and relatively unchanging. Typically set in the middle of the water. A great example of this would be Cuba and the United States because they have to share water due to the fact that they are 90 miles from each other. Exclusive Definition - The zone where coastal nations Example - The United States Economic have jurisdiction over natural resources. economic zone extends to Zones the 12 nautical mile territorial sea of the US, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Define - Exclusive economic zones are the zones where coastal nations have jurisdiction over natural resources. For example, the United States economic zone extends to the 12 nautical mile territorial sea of the US, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Berlin Definition - A meeting of European super Example - Countries like the Conference powers to divide the continent of Africa. UK, France, Germany, and Austria. Define - The Berlin Conference is a meeting of European super powers to divide the continent of Africa. For example, countries like the UK, France, Germany, and Austria can be seen attending these conferences. Demilitarized Definition - A sort of unnatural buffer zone Example - The Korean Zones forced into existence to try and prevent the Demilitarized zone, outbreak of further hostilities. established after the Korean War. Define - Demilitarized zones is a sort of unnatural buffer zone forced into existence to try and prevent the outbreak of further hostilities. A prime example being the Korean Demilitarized zone, established after the Korean War. Delimited Definition - The translation of the written Example - The border terms of a boundary treaty (the definition) between Alaska and Canada into an official cartographic (map) as it was created by humans representation. to show the difference between Alaskan laws and Canadian Laws. Define - Delimited means that the translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty (the definition) into an official cartographic (map) representation. For example, the border between Alaska and Canada as it was created by humans to show the difference between Alaskan laws and Canadian Laws. Demarcated Definition - The setting or marking of Example - The 38th parallel boundaries or limits on the physical between North and South landscape. Korea as a very large wall can be found there. Define - Demarcated the setting or marking of boundaries or limits on the physical landscape. For example, the 38th parallel between North and South Korea as a very large wall can be found there. The Law of Definition - States have exclusive rights to Example - The Laws of the the Sea the fish and other marine life within 200 Sea established freedom of miles. navigation rights and created the international Seabed Authority. Define - The Law of the Sea are states that have exclusive rights to the fish and other marine life within 200 miles. For example, the Laws of the Sea established freedom of navigation rights and created the international Seabed Authority.  Defined Definition - A boundary that is established Example - The United States by a legal document, such as a treaty. border with Mexico. Define - A defined boundary is a boundary that is established by a legal document, such as a treaty. For example, the United States border with Mexico. Maritime Definition - A connection with the sea. Example - The South China Sea which involves multiple countries such as China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Define - Maritime is a connection with the sea. For example, the South China Sea which involves multiple countries such as China, Vietnam, and the Philippines.. 4.6: Internal Boundaries Redistricting Definition - To divide or organize an area Example - In the United into a new political or school district. States: the process that follows the 2020 Census. Define - Redistricting means to divide or organize an area into a new political or school district. For example, in the United States: the process that follows the 2020 Census. Gerrymanderin Definition - The process of redrawing Example - Cracking, which g legislative boundaries for the purpose of districts are drawn in such a benefiting the part in power. way that the opposition party is divided into many districts, giving them a disadvantage in an election. Define - Gerrymandering is the process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the part in power. For example, cracking, which is when districts are drawn in such a way that the opposition party is divided into many districts, giving them a disadvantage in an election. 4.7: Forms of Governance Unitary State Definition - Concentrates all policy-making Example - France, Japan, powers in one central geographic place. and the United Kingdom. Define - Unitary states concentrate all policy-making powers in one central geographic place. Countries like France, Japan, and the United Kingdom can all be classified as a unitary state. Federal State Definition - Divides the power between the Example - The United States, central government and the sub-units. Canada, India, and Germany. Define - Federal states divide the power between the central government and the sub-units. Countries like the United States, Canada, India, and Germany could all be classified as a federal state. 4.8: Defining Devolutionary Forces Ethnic Definition - When a minority group fights for Example - In Spain, the Separation independence. Basques and Catalans are two groups that have the desire to be independent from Spain. Define - Ethnic separation is when a minority group fights for independence. For example, in Spain, the Basques and Catalans are two groups that have the desire to be independent from Spain. Ethnic Definition - A process in which a more Example - Bosnia and Cleansing powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a Herzegovina. less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region. Define - Ethnic cleansing is a process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region. Bosnia and Herzegovina are both great examples of ethnic cleansing. Irredentism Definition - The nationalist belief that a Example - Russia’s claim that territory belonging to another country the eastern Ukrainian should be annexed for ethnic or historical territories that border Russia reasons. are actually ethnically Russian. Define - Irredentism is the nationalist belief that a territory belonging to another country should be annexed for ethnic or historical reasons. For example, Russia’s claim that the eastern Ukrainian territories that border Russia are actually ethnically Russian. 4.9: Challenges to Sovereignty North Atlantic Definition - A military alliance formed during Example - Countries like Treaty the Cold War whose principle objective was Belgium Croatia, Denmark, Organization to prevent the Soviet Union from Finland, France, Poland and overrunning Western Germany and other many more. smaller countries. Define - The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (known as NATO) is a military alliance formed during the Cold War whose principle objective was to prevent the Soviet Union from overrunning Western Germany and other smaller countries. There are many countries in NATO, for example, countries like Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Poland, etc. Association of Definition - An economic alliance between Example - Some members Southeast 10 member countries that aim to promote include the Philippines, Asian Nations economic cooperation, including free trade Thailand, and Cambodia. among member countries. Define - The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (known as ASEAN) is an economic alliance between 10 member countries that aim to promote economic cooperation, including free trade among member countries. Some members include the Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, ect. Supranationalis Definition - Cooperating groups of nations Example - The World Trade m that operate on either a regional or Organization, the North international level. Atlantic Treaty Organization, European Union, and the United Nations. Define - Supranationalism is when cooperating groups of nations that operate on either a regional or international level. There are many examples of supranationalism, some including the World Trade Organization, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, European Union, and the United Nations. Devolution Definition - The transfer of some important Example - Corsica for powers from central governments to France, or Sardinia for Italy. sub-government. Define - Devolution is the transfer of some important powers from central governments to sub-government. Some examples include Corsica for France, or Sardinia for Italy. Autonomous Definition - Having the freedom to govern Example - The United States itself or control its own affairs. because it does not have to answer to a more powerful governing body. Define - Autonomous is having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs. The best example of this is the United States because it does not have to answer to a more powerful governing body. Fragmented Definition - Divisions based on ethnic or Example - Indonesia or the cultural identity. Philippines. Define - Fragmented are divisions based on ethnic or cultural identity. Countries like Indonesia or the Philippines are great examples of this term. Arctic Council Definition - A supranational organization Example - Canada, Denmark, that addresses various issues faced by the Finland, Iceland and a Arctic governments and the indigenous handful of others. people of the Arctic. Define - The Arctic Council is a supranational organization that addresses various issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. Some members of this organization include Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and a handful of others. African Union Definition - An organization of African Example - Algeria, Benin, states established in 2002 as successor to Comoros, Egypts and the OAU; it aims to encourage economic countless others. development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members. Define - The African Union is an organization of African states established in 2002 as successor to the OAU; it aims to encourage economic development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members. Some countries that are members of this organization include Algeria, Benin, Comoros, Egypt, and countless others. Economies of Definition - The cost advantages Example - Stores like Costco Scale companies experience when production and Walmart. becomes efficient, as costs can be spread over a larger amount of goods. Define - Economies of scale are the cost advantages companies experience when production becomes efficient, as costs can be spread over a larger amount of goods. Stores like Costco and Walmart are great examples of this term. Democratizatio Definition - The growth of democracy. Example - The system of n Apartheid in South Africa. Define - Democratization is the growth of democracy. For example, the system of Apartheid in South Africa. United Nations Definition - An international organization Example - The UN holds over formed after World War Two to promote 193 member states across international peace, security, and the world. cooperation. Define - the United Nations (known as UN) is an international organization formed after World War Two to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. The United Nations hold over 193 member states across the world. Arab League Definition - An association of Arab states Example - Sudan, Iraq, Saudi established in 1945 to promote cooperation Arabia, Syria and many other among members regarding economic and states. social development and foreign policy. Define - The Arab League is an association of Arab states established in 1945 to promote cooperation among members regarding economic and social development and foreign policy. Some members of this association include Sudan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and many other states. European Union Definition - An economic alliance formed Example - 27 countries after World War Two in order to repair including Denmark, France, economic scars from the war. Hungary, Romania. Define - The European Union (known as EU) is an economic alliance formed after World War Two in order to repair economic scars from the war. The European Union holds 27 member countries including Denmark, France, Hungary, and Romania. Organization Definition - Promotes social, cultural, Example - 35 members of American political, and economic links among including Brazil, Canada, States member states in the Western Hemisphere. Mexico, and Paraguay. Define - The Organization of American States (known as OAS) promotes social, cultural, political, and economic links among member states in the Western Hemisphere. There are 35 members in OAS, some including Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and Paraguay. 4.10: Consequences of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces Centrifugal Definition - Forces or attitudes that tend to Example - Differing religion or divide a state. languages, an unstable government, internal conflict, ect. Define - The term centrifugal is a force or attitude that tends to divide a state. Some examples include differing religion or languages, an unstable government, internal conflict, ect. Centripetal Definition - An attitude that unifies people Example - A shared religion, and enhances support for a state. external threats, a stable government, a common language, ect. Define - The term centripetal is an attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state. Some examples include a shared religion, external threats, a stable government, a common language, ect. Berlin Definition - People without a state. Example - The Kurds with Stateless their territory being called Nation “Kurdistan”. Define - A stateless nation is where people are without a state. For example, the Kurds with their territory being called “Kurdistan”. Cold War Definition - The competition between two Example - The United States superpowers. and the Soviet Union for control of land spaces all over the world. Define - A cold war is the competition between two superpowers. For example, when the United States and the Soviet Union started a cold war for control of land spaces all over the world. Ethnonationalis Definition - The tendency for an ethnic Example - The Zionist m group to see itself as a distinct nation with a movement, a nationalist right to autonomy or independence. movement among the Jews that maintains that the Jewish people constitute a nation and have the right to their own national homeland. Define - Ethnonationalism is the tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence. For example, the Zionist movement, a nationalist movement among the Jews that maintains that the Jewish people constitute a nation and have the right to their own national homeland. Balkanization Definition - A process by which a state Example - The balkanization breaks down through conflicts among its of Yugoslavia. ethnicities. Define - Balkanization is a process by which a state breaks down through conflict among its ethnicities. For example, the balkanization of Yugoslavia. Ethnic Definition - Organized by groups whose Example - Aztlan and the Nationalist distinctiveness is based on national origin, Republic of New Africa. Movements vulture, language, religion, territory, ethnic movements are enacted with the purpose of promoting or resisting social change. Define - Ethnic nationalist movements are movements organized by groups whose distinctiveness is based on national origin, vulture, language, religion, territory, ethnic movements are enacted with the purpose of promoting or resisting social change. Some examples include Aztlan and the Republic of New Africa.