Memory PDF

MEMORY The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Stores: retain information in memory without using it for any specific purpose Control Processes: shift information from one memory to another Sensory Memory: Sperling Task Sensory memory: a memory store that...

MEMORY The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Stores: retain information in memory without using it for any specific purpose Control Processes: shift information from one memory to another Sensory Memory: Sperling Task Sensory memory: a memory store that accurately holds perceptual information for a very brief amount of time Iconic vs echoic Sperling Task Analogy  Sensory Memory and Attention Attention interacts with sensory memory to allow for continuous perceptions ‘Spotlight of attention’ allows some sensory information to be transferred to STM Change blindness occurs when information is outside this spotlight SHORT-TERM MEMORY Short-Term Memory Capacity Short-Term Memory (STM): is a memory store with limited capacity and duration (75% of wrongful convictions attributed to mistaken eyewitnesses The Case of Ronald Cotton Ronald Cotton selected from police lineup Initial ID was tentative Confidence in ID increased over time Familiarity vs Source Memory 1. Participants shown staged crime 2. 2-3 days later shown other mug shots 3. 4-5 days later asked to identify suspect from lineup  IMPROVING EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY  Appropriate Instructions Careful instructions § Possibility the culprit is not in the lineup Double-blind procedures Careful Construction of Lineups Lineup should be composed of people that fit description provided by witness, not people that look similar to suspect Controls for distinctive features  Types of Lineups Simultaneous vs sequential lineups Early Confidence Statements § Eyewitness confidence as a predictor of accuracy § Jump-Out ID