Dosage Forms Lecture Notes PDF

Dosage Forms 1 By Pierre A. Hanna, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt. Liquid Dosage Forms  Solution: - In general, the solvent is present in the greater amount. - Exceptions: Syrup BP contains 66.7...

Dosage Forms 1 By Pierre A. Hanna, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt. Liquid Dosage Forms  Solution: - In general, the solvent is present in the greater amount. - Exceptions: Syrup BP contains 66.7% w/w of sucrose as the solute in 33.3% w/w of water as the solvent.  Advantages of Liquid Dosage Forms  Easier to swallow (paediatric / geriatric).  Drug is immediately available for absorption (even ppt. acid, sufficiently wetted / finely divided state).  Drug will be uniformly distributed (suspension or emulsion formulations).  Irritable drugs (aspirin and potassium chloride) > solution > immediate dilution by the gastric contents > no damage. Disadvantages of Liquid Dosage Forms  Bulky (transport/storage).  Destruction of container.  Stability (drug / excipients).  Suitable for the growth of microorganisms.  Inaccurate dose administration.  Taste of a drug  Choice of Solvent A- Aqueous solutions  Water is the solvent most widely used (physiological compatibility / no toxicity).  A high dielectric constant (dissolution of ionisable materials).  Lack of selectivity.  Types of pharmaceutical water  Purified Water BP: - Freshly boiled and cooled immediately before use. - No salts - Distillation / deionization / distillation or deionization.  Types of pharmaceutical water  Water for Injection: - Parenteral solutions. - Starilized / pyrogen-free / salt-free. - Special types: (phenobarbitone sodium or aminophylline > CO2-free; apomorphine and ergotamine maleate > O2-free).  Types of pharmaceutical water  Water for Injection (special types): - phenobarbitone sodium or aminophylline > CO2-free - Apomorphine and ergotamine maleate > O2-free). - Apyrogenic distilledwater in the same way as before, but are then boiledfor at least 10 minutes, cooled, sealed in theircontainers while excluding air, and then sterilized byautoclaving.