Bases PDF

Bases chemical opposite of acids Water soluble bases > - Alkali (All alkali are bases ,...

Bases chemical opposite of acids Water soluble bases > - Alkali (All alkali are bases , not all bases are alkali) Common alkalis sodium hydroxide NaOHcaas Pure : White solid Potassium hydroxide KOH coal Pure : White solid Calcium hydroxide CalOH) wa > - Limewater Pure : White solid Aqueous ammonia NH3 caal Pure : Colorless gas Characteristic of alkalis Bitter taste slipper feel > - React with grease forming soap Electrolytes · ↳ Contains mobile ions after dissolving in water dilute alkalis turn moist red litmus paper blue Role of water : Dissolved in water Ionize -> Give hydroxide ions (OH) Dissociate ↳ Responsible for alkalinic properties Dissociation : (Imic water compound separates into ions NaDHiss - Natas + OH cag) Ionization : (Turn molecules into ions NHs (ag) + H20(e) > - NHatcaq) + OH cag) Reaction #1 Neutralization Alkalicans + Acidcays > - Salt cas) + Waterces *Generalini a a WriteHoanced. Ammonia 2 chemical ea. * NHS + HC1 > - NHyll + NITTOH Reaction #2 : Reaction with non-metal oxide (CDr , Sor1 Alkali + [C] - > [meta carbonate- e. g. CalPH)n + CO - > - CaCO3 + H10 zNaOH + SO -NarSOs + HoO  Reaction #3 Ammonium -HeatSalt Alkali + NHG compound > - + water + NH3 eg) Observable change : A gas with purgent smell is produced (NH3 Test if salt contains ammonium (NH" ( 1. Heat a sample with alkali. 2 G. Purgent gas is produced b Turns moist red. litruus paper blue ↳ Ionization of NHacg) A : X Dissociation 3. It contains ammonium ions Reaction #3 Metalions in aqueous solution Metal Alkali + Salt A > - hydroxide + Salt & (Precipitatina R. g. H + CC- un > - CalOH) - calightlysoluble mu Alkali Salt A Metal hydroxide Salt B