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# Structure of the New Government ## 1. Principles of Government * **Popular Sovereignty:** Power belongs to the people – voting representatives represent the people. * **Republic:** A system of government in which elected representatives represent the people. * **Federalism:** Division of power be...

# Structure of the New Government ## 1. Principles of Government * **Popular Sovereignty:** Power belongs to the people – voting representatives represent the people. * **Republic:** A system of government in which elected representatives represent the people. * **Federalism:** Division of power between state and national governments. (Illustration) * **Separation of Powers:** Three branches of government: * **Legislative:** Makes laws (Congress: House and Senate) – Which article? * **Executive:** Enforces laws (President and Vice President) – Which article? * **Judicial:** Interprets laws (courts) – Which article? ## 2. Checks and Balances * Each branch monitors and limits the powers of others. ## 3. Amending the Constitution * Requires 2/3 of Congress and 3/4 of states. # Ratification and the Bill of Rights ## 1. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists * **Federalists:** * Supported ratification; believed state constitutions protected individual rights. * Characteristics of the Federalists: * **Anti-Federalists:** * Opposed ratification; demanded a Bill of Rights. * Characteristics of the Anti-Federalists: * **Authors:** Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay. ## 3. Ratification Process * 9 of 13 states needed for ratification. * First: Delaware; Ninth: New Hampshire; Last: Rhode Island. ## 4. Bill of Rights (1791) * First 10 amendments to the Constitution protecting individual liberties. # 3. Slavery Issues * **Characteristics of the Three-Fifths Compromise:** * Slave trade allowed to continue until 1807.