Criminology Review PDF

CRIMINOLOGY — the entire body of knowledge regarding crimes and criminals and the effort of society to repress and prevent them. — or in narrowest sense, its the study of crimes and criminals — A social science because you are going to deal with people and their behavior CESARE LOMBROSO — Father o...

CRIMINOLOGY — the entire body of knowledge regarding crimes and criminals and the effort of society to repress and prevent them. — or in narrowest sense, its the study of crimes and criminals — A social science because you are going to deal with people and their behavior CESARE LOMBROSO — Father of modern criminology CRIMINOLOGIST - are therefore a practical social scientist. They analyze scientifically the cause of crime. CRIMINAL JUSTICE - applied and scientific study of the practical applications of criminal behavior that is the actions, policies, functions of the agencies within the justice system charged with addressing behavior. 3i’s INTERVIEW - asking simple questions INTEROGATION - rigid or ridiculous INSTRUMENTATION - application of the different instrumentation CARDINAL OF INVESTIGATION — 5W’s and 1H WHAT - nature ( the gravity or severity of tye offense) WHO- victim and suspect WHEN- date and time WHERE - place WHY- reason/motive/intent WHO - investigation SURTHERLAND AND CRESSEY - defined criminology as a study of crime as a social phenomenom or of criminals - the mental traits, habits and discipline ELLIOT AND MERILL- define it as the study of crimes and their treatment. LOCAL LAWS — The councilors or kagawad’s are the one who make laws MUNICIPAL LAWS — sangguniang bayan NATIONAL LAWS — house of congress note: congress and senate are the one who make the special laws. WE IDENTIFY CRIMES THROUGH - EVIDENCE - FACTS - WITNESS BASIC THEORIES OF CRIMINOLOGY a. Classical school of criminology - people make choices to commit crimes - choosing what is right and what is wrong and its punishment - identify to make choice through his/her free will. CLASSICAL SCHOOL- lessons are primarily taught through written and spoken word instead of images 2 MAIN CONTRIBUTORS OF CLASSICAL SCHOOL - JEREMY BENTHAM - CESARE DE BECARIA - father of classical school of criminology - JEFFREY REIMAN - “ the rich get richer and the poor gets poorer" PRINCIPLE OF CLASSICAL SCHOOL RATIONAL - doing legal things and using your free will properly PAIN AND PLEASURE - the 2 central determinance of human behavior PUNISHMENT DETERS FACTOR THE PRINCIPLE OF RIGHT AND WRONG ARE INHERENT KEY POINTS: 1. RATIONAL DECISION 2. DETERENTS 3. PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS NEO CLASSICAL SCHOOL - upgraded version of classical school of crim. - humans have free will except those who are insane - focus on understanding facst and circumstances DIVIDED CRIMINALS INTO DIFFERENT CATEGORIES - first offender - habitual offense - minor  - insane ON PUNISHMENT CLASSICAL THEORY - harsher than the criminal gain NEO CLASSICAL THEORY - reduction in punishment NEO CLASSICAL PERSPECTIVE - emphasized deterence and retribution - individual use their free will to decide to comform or commit crime. POSITIVIST SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY - Relies on “scientific method" - criminological perspective is that human commit crimes because they are the product of social, biological and psychological/ economical force SOMATOTYPE SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY - relies to body build Body Physics Ectomorf mesomorf endomorf SOCIAL PROCESS THEORY - functions of society - functions of peoples interacting with various organization and institution in society MAIN BRANCHES 1. SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY - people learn how to commit crimes from close relationship with criminal peers that means the influence of the people around you. 2. SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY - failure of society to control criminal tendencis - limit or lessen 3. SOCIAL REACTION OR LABELING THEORY- people became criminal when significant member of society label them as such - people labeling them maybe bacause of their behavior POSITIVISM - relies significantly on scientific evidence such aw experiments and statistics, to reveal a true nature of how society operates RADICAL / RADICALISM CRIMINOLOGY - KARL MARX  - a competion between the capitalists and the labor force THE POOR COMMIT CRIMES BECAUSE OF - FRUSTRATION - DISSAPPOINTMENT - ANGER - LACK OF MEETING THE BASIC NEEDS TOPIC 2- UNDERSTANDING THE FUNDAMENTAL CRIME - an act committed or ommitted in violation of public law forbidding it or commanding it. - violation of laws or established rules ( this can be written or unwritten) COMMIT - Intentional OMMIT- unintentional PUBLIC LAW- control the action of those who are going to commit a crime intentionally or unintentionally PROHIBITED ACTIONS- violating laws EXTORTION- pangongotong BRIBERY- panunuhol SOCIOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF CRIME - considered harmful act - how the community view crime - how the people in the society look at crimes - similar to labeling - immoral and harmful act INTENTIONAL COMMISSION- harmful or dangerous FACTORS OR ELEMENTS THAT SOMEONE CAN BE PUNISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT 1. GROSS VIOLATION OF LAW - heavy, negligence 2. A GRAVE OFFENSE ESPECIALLY AGAINST MORALITY DEFINE CRIME - According to STEPHEN- forbidden by law - According to KENNY - wrong sanction sanction- punishment remissible- pardon by a crown  - According to MILLER - to be commission or omission of an act which the law forbits or commands. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRIMES CRIMES AGAINST PERSON HATE CRIMES WHITE COLLAR CRIME CRIME AGAINST PROPERTY CRIME AGAINST MORALITY ORGANIZED CRIME