IT3 Oncology Notes PDF

IT3 FINAL Drug Class Examples Mechanism of Action Common Side Effects Alkylating Cyclophosphamide, Interfere with cellular replication - Myelosuppression (anemia, neutropenia, Classical Agents Ifosfamide...

IT3 FINAL Drug Class Examples Mechanism of Action Common Side Effects Alkylating Cyclophosphamide, Interfere with cellular replication - Myelosuppression (anemia, neutropenia, Classical Agents Ifosfamide by forming cross-linkages thrombocytopenia) between DNA strands. - Alopecia (hair loss) - Cystitis (bladder irritation) - nephrotoxicity - cardiotoxicity Alkylating Cisplatin, Carboplatin Forms a reactive electrophile that - Nephrotoxicity Platinum covalently bind to DNA - Ototoxicity (cisplatin) Compounds - Neurotoxicity (especially with oxaliplatin) - GI toxicity (cisplatin predominantly) - hypersensitivity Anthracyclines Doxorubicin, Intercalate DNA strands and - Cardiotoxicity (arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy) (Antitumor Daunorubicin, inhibit topoisomerase II, leading - Myelosuppression Antibiotics) Epirubicin, Idarubicin to DNA damage. - red discolouration of urine (doxorubicin, Epirubicin) Antimetabolites Methotrexate, 5- Block the formation and use of - Myelosuppression Fluorouracil, nucleic acids essential for DNA - Neprotoxicity Cytarabine, replication and inhibits DNA - Diarrhea pemetrexed, synthesis (S phase). - Hand-foot syndrome with 5-FU capecitabine - hepatotoxicity - GI toxicity (Mucositis, gingivitis) Topoisomerase Etoposide Inhibit topoisomerase 2 resulting - Myelosuppression Inhibitors in DNA strand breaks. - Diarrhea (especially with irinotecan) - smoking reduces AUC of irinotecan and exposure - Nausea & vomiting Vinca alkaloids Vinblastine, Vincristine Inhibit cell division in the M - Peripheral neuropathy phase of the cell cycle (M phase). - Myelosuppression - Alopecia - Hypersensitivity reactions (especially with paclitaxel) Hormonal Agents Tamoxifen Competes with estrogen receptor - Hot flashes (antiestrogen), sites inhibiting tumour growth. - impotence Leuprolide, Goserelin Stimulates synthesis of LH and - reduced libido (GnRH agonist) FSH, transiently increasing serum - GI disturbances testosterone in males Steroids Prednisone, Binds glucocorticoid receptors, Hyperglycemia Dexamethasone reducing cytokine expression, and - Fluid retention inhibiting lymphocyte - Hypertension proliferation. - Osteoporosis - Cushingoid appearance TARGETED Rituximab, Binds to growth factor receptor to - Infusion reactions (fever, chills, rash) Monoclonal Trastuzumab, prevent the receptor being - Cardiotoxicity (with trastuzumab) Antibodies Cetuximab activated by growth signals. - Myelosuppression Binds to CD20 on B lymphocytes. - Risk of infection - tumour lysis syndrome Tyrosine kinase Imatinib Binds to BCR-ABL kinase - Hepatotoxicity inhibitors domain preventing activation of - Neutropenia protein - Thrombocytopenia - Anaemia - GI perforation, bleeding and irritation Immunotherapy Pembrolizumab (PD-1), Inhibitors prevent binding - Immune-related adverse events (e.g., colitis, (PD-1 &PD-L1 Nivolumab (PD-1), enabling the T cells to remain pneumonitis, hepatitis) inhibitors) Atezolizumab active - Fatigue - Skin rash IT3 FINAL