Information Technology ESD103-2 Lecture Notes PDF

Information Technology ESD103-2 Ms. T. Rajeetha  Evaluation 40 % 60 % Continuous Assignments End Semester Examination...

Information Technology ESD103-2 Ms. T. Rajeetha  Evaluation 40 % 60 % Continuous Assignments End Semester Examination MUST!! Continuous assessments through LMS platforms (e.g., Moodle)  Practical Assignments Representatives ???  Objective To provide the necessary and essential information technology skills and knowledge.  Learning Objectives At the end of the course, the students will be able to  describe the importance of information and how technology is being used to produce and share information.  recognize the essential hardware components, existing varieties of operating systems and networking concepts.  describe the basic computer applications and Internet resources for study, work and recreation.  develop the skill to use the computer as a tool to accomplish learning activities and other data processing needs.  Recommended Text 1. Bott, E and Carl, S , 2013 , Microsoft Office Inside Out, 2013 Edition or Latest 2. Bible, H and Rosch, W.L, 2006 ,PC Hardware: A Beginner’s Guide, 6th Edition or Latest  What is Information? Data Information Process Data Raw facts, figures, or unprocessed elements without meaning on their own. Examples: Numbers: 25, 45, 90 Text: "John", "Blue", "Sri Lanka“ Dates: "15-Oct-2024" Process The transformation or manipulation of data to make it meaningful. This involves steps like sorting, filtering, calculating, categorizing, analyzing, or organizing. Technologies: Modern data processes use: AI & Machine Learning for pattern recognition ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes for data integration Data pipelines for automation in cloud platforms Example Process: A set of exam scores (raw data) is calculated and averaged to give a student’s GPA (processed information). Information Data that has been processed, structured, or organized to provide meaning, context, and value to the recipient. Examples: “John scored 90% on the math exam.” “The weather today is 25°C with a clear sky.” “Sri Lanka’s population in 2024 is approximately 22 million.” Relationship between Data, Process, and Information 1. Data → (through Process) → Information Example: Raw Data: Sales records from multiple stores. Process: Summarizing monthly totals. Information: “The company earned $1 million in September.” 2. Feedback Loop: Information from previous cycles can serve as new data for future decisions. Example: Sales trends from September could inform inventory decisions for the next month.  How Do We Share Information? Beating Lighting Oral Town Crier Drawings Drums Fire Ancient Methods of Sharing Information  How Do We Share Information? Writing Telephone Radio Television Satellite Computer Modern Methods of Sharing Information  What is Information Technology The study or use of systems (especially computers and telecommunications) for creating, storing, retrieving, and sending information  Function of Information Technology Capture Recording activities, events, or data (e.g., transactions, logs). Capture and Verification Verification: Ensuring that the captured data is accurate and valid. Examples: Data entry validation in forms. Financial audits to verify transactions. The process of compiling detailed records of activities.  Function of Information Technology Processing Transforming raw data into useful information. Manipulation Processing/ Sorting, analyzing, and calculating data. Manipulation Examples: Converting exam marks into GPA. Analyzing sales data to identify trends. Recording activities, events, or data. Function of Information Technology Storage Saving data in databases or cloud platforms. Retrieval Storage/ Accessing stored data when needed. Retrieval Examples: Storing files on Google Drive or OneDrive. Retrieving customer information from a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system.  Function of Information Technology Update Modifying stored data to ensure relevance. Reproduction Data Update and Duplicating data across systems or storage mediums. Reproduction Examples: Updating employee records with new contact details. Syncing inventory across warehouses.  Function of Information Technology Communication Sharing information through networks and platforms. Generation Communication and Organizing data into reports, charts, or visuals. Generation Examples: Sending reports via email or Slack. Presenting data through dashboards (e.g., Power BI, Tableau).  What is Information in Modern Context Data transformed through algorithms and AI tools into actionable insights. Timely, accurate, and relevant data shared across platforms in real time. Big Data Analytics: Processing massive data sets for strategic decision-making. Examples: Weather predictions, personalized advertisements, financial forecasting.  Modern Methods of Information Sharing Cloud Platforms: Google Drive, Dropbox, and OneDrive enable real-time collaboration. Social Media Channels: Instagram, Facebook, X (formerly Twitter) for rapid communication. Instant Messaging: WhatsApp, Teams, and Slack for immediate exchanges. 5G Networks and IoT Devices: Enabling seamless connectivity and data exchange. Blockchain: Decentralized platforms for secure messaging and data transactions.  Technology as a Tool to Produce and Share Information AI-Powered Content Creation: Tools like ChatGPT, Jasper, and Midjourney. Video Conferencing Platforms: Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet. LMS Platforms: Moodle, Blackboard, and Coursera for online education. Collaborative Workspaces: Notion, Confluence, and Microsoft SharePoint. Edge Computing: Processing data near its source for real-time insights.