IT-ELEC-2-lec-1.docx

**What Computer Graphics?** It is the use of computers to create and manipulate pictures on a display device. It comprises of software techniques to create, store, modify, represent pictures. Why use computer graphics? *Scenario 1* A shoe manufacturing company wants to show the sale of shoes for...

**What Computer Graphics?** It is the use of computers to create and manipulate pictures on a display device. It comprises of software techniques to create, store, modify, represent pictures. Why use computer graphics? *Scenario 1* A shoe manufacturing company wants to show the sale of shoes for five years ***Presentation Graphics*** ** Charts & Graphs** Data are presented in pictorial form *Scenario 2* Training of student pilots. ** Aviation** ** Aerospace Engineering** **[Applications of Computer Graphics]** Computer Aided Design (CAD) Presentation Graphics Computer Art Entertainment Education & Training Visualization Image Processing Graphical User Interface **[Computer Aided Design]** Used in design of buildings, automobiles, aircraft, watercraft, spacecraft, computers, textiles & many other products Objects are displayed in wire frame outline form. Software packages provide multi-window environment Graphics design package provides standard shapes (useful for repeated placements) Animations are also used in CAD applications Realistic displays of architectural design permits simulated "walk" through the rooms (virtual-reality systems). ***[Presentation Graphics]*** Used to produce illustrations for reports or generate slides for use with projectors Commonly used to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, economic data for research reports, managerial reports & customer information bulletins. **[Computer Art]** *Used in fine art & commercial art* Includes artist's paintbrush programs, paint packages, CAD packages and animation packages These packages provides facilities for designing object shapes & specifying object motions. Examples: Cartoon drawing, paintings, product advertisements, logo design. ***Electronic Painting*** Picture painted electronically on a graphics tablet (digitizer) using a stylus Cordless, pressure sensitive stylus ***Morphing*** A graphics method in which one object is transformed into another. **[Entertainment]** *Movie Industry* Used in motion pictures, music videos, and television shows. Used in making of cartoon animation films. *Game Industry* Focus on interactivity Cost effective solutions Avoiding computations and other tricks (***[COMPUTER GRAPHICS IS ABOUT ANIMATION (FILMS))]*** **[CGI (Computer Generated Imagery)]** CGI refers to the creation of still or animated visual content using computer software It encompasses a broad range of techniques, including 3D modelling, rendering, and animation This allows CGI animation studios and filmmakers to generate realistic images and environments that may be difficult or impossible to capture using traditional methods. **[VFX (Visual Effects)]** VFX refers to the process of creating, manipulating. Or enhancing visual elements in film, television, video games, and other forms of media Unlike CGI, which involves generating entirely synthetic imagery, VFX often involves integrating computer-generated images with live-action footage to create seamless visual illusions VFX artists use a variety of techniques, including compositing, animation, matte painting, and motion tracking, to enhance or alter the appearance of scenes, characters, and environments. **[Education & Training]** Computer generated models of physical, financial and economic systems are used as educational aids Models of physical systems, physiological systems, population trends, equipment ment such of as color-coded diagram help trainees understand the operation of the system Specialized systems used for training applications Simulators for practice sessions or training of ship captains aircraft pilots ⚫ heavy equipment operators ⚫ air traffic-control personnel **[Visualization]** Business Visualization Business Visualization is used in connection with data sets related to commerce, industry and other non- scientific areas Techniques used-color coding, contour plots, graphs, charts, surface renderings & visualizations of volume interiors. **[Image Processing]** Image processing techniques are combined with computer graphics to produce many of the data visualizations CG- Computer is used to create a picture Image Processing -- applies techniques to modify or interpret existing pictures such as photographs and TV scans *✓Medical Applications* Picture Enhancements Tomography Simulations of Operations Ultrasonics & Nuclear Medicine Scanners *2 Applications* Improving image quality Machine perception of visual information (robotics) **Applying Image Processing Methods** Digitize a photograph (or picture) into an image file Apply digital methods to rearrange picture parts to Enhance color separations Improve quality of shading Tomography technique of X-ray photography that allows cross-sectional views of physiological systems to be displayed Computed X-ray tomography (CT) and Position Emission use projection methods to reconstruct cross sections from Computer-Aided Surgery is a medical application technique to model and study physical functions to design artificial limbs and to plan & practice surgery Computer-Assisted Surgery (also called Image-Guided Surgery) is a broad term used to indicate an operation in which imaging scans and computer technology are used to make a three-dimensional (3-D) model of an organ. **[Graphical User Interfaces]** Major components -- Window manager (multiple-window areas) To make a particular window active, click in that window (using an interactive pointing device) Interfaces display -- menus & icons Icons -- graphical symbol designed to look like the processing option it represents Advantages of icons -- less screen space, easily understood. Menus contain lists of textual descriptions & icons **[Graphics Packages]** A set of libraries that provide programmatically access to some kind of graphics 2D functions. Types GKS-Graphics Kernel System -- first graphics package -accepted by ISO & ANSI PHIGS (Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standard)-accepted by ISO & ANSI PHIGS + (Expanded package) Silicon Graphics GL (Graphics Library) Open GL Pixar Render Man interface Postscript interpreters Painting, drawing, design packages