IT-13.pptx

IT- 13 Introduction to Computing Gerald B. Tolentino The Course Outcome 1. Explain fundamental principles, concepts and evolution of computing systems as they relate to different fields 2. Expound on the recent developments in the different computing knowledge areas 3. Analyze solutions...

IT- 13 Introduction to Computing Gerald B. Tolentino The Course Outcome 1. Explain fundamental principles, concepts and evolution of computing systems as they relate to different fields 2. Expound on the recent developments in the different computing knowledge areas 3. Analyze solutions employed by organizations to address different computing issues 01 Overview Introduction to Computing What is Computing? Any activity that use computers to manage, process, and communicate information. Is a critical, integral component of modern industrial technology. Major computing disciplines include Computer Engineering, Software Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems and Information Technology.  What is ACM? ACM or Association for Computing Machinery is US-Based international academic society dedicated to the advancement of computing profession. It was founded in 1947 and is the world’s largest scientific and education computing society, claiming nearly 100,000 student and professional members worldwide as of 2019. The associations servers its members and other professionals in computer sciences, and its applications by providing high quality publications, conducting conferences, career resources, and through its digital library. ACM Computing Curricula 2005 The ACM Computing Curricula 2005 defined “Computing” as follows: In general way, we can define computing to mean any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers. Computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific studies using computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; creating and using purpose and so on. The list is virtually endless, and the possibilities are vast Example: Designing a new type of processor or developing a new type of memory chip. Developing an operating system like Windows or macOS or creating applications such as Microsoft Office or Adobe Photoshop. Creating and maintaining a database for an online retailer that stores product, customer, and order information. Five sub-disciplines of the computing field according to ACM Computer Engineering – Typically involves and hardware and the development of systems that involve software, hardware, and communications Five sub-disciplines of the computing field according to ACM Computer Science – Currently the most popular of the computing disciplines; tends to be relatively broad and with an emphasis on the underlying science aspects. Five sub-disciplines of the computing field according to ACM Information Systems – Essentially, this is computing in an organizational context, typically in business Five sub-disciplines of the computing field according to ACM Information Technology – Focuses on computing infrastructure and needs of individual users; tends to involve a study of systems ( perhaps just software systems, but perhaps also systems in support of learning, of information dissemination, etc.) Five sub-disciplines of the computing field according to ACM Software Engineering– Focuses on large-scale software systems; employs certain ideas from the world of engineering in building reliable software systems What is Information? Information is stimuli that has meaning in some context for its receiver. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again be perceived as information. Notes: When information is packaged or used for understanding or doing something, it is known as Knowledge. What is Technology? Technology is the set of knowledge, skills, experience and techniques through which human change, transform and use our environment in order in order to create tools, machines, products and services that meet our needs and desires. Etymologically the word comes from the Greek tekne (technical, art, skill) and logos (knowledge). Information Technology Broadly, Information Technology can be defined as the use of computing via various components (e.g hardware, services, software) to develop, manage, transform, share and store information in different forms. ACM defined information technology as the study of systematic approaches to select, develop, apply, integrate, and administer secure computing technologies to enable users to accomplish their personal, organizational and societal goals. Driving Forces through IT Innovations By the time, the first IT Curriculum Guidelines report was released in 2008, Apple had developed the iPhone, Amazon had launched its Kindle e-reader, YouTube had become the world’s most popular video sharing website, Google had released the Android Operating System, and the Mobile Broadcast internet access had adopted 4G standards. These innovations have opened doors to the coming of what Erik Brynjolfsoon and Andrew McAfee call the second machine age. If the industrial revolution or first machine age was about complementing human work with the automation of manual labor and horsepower, the second machine age substitutes for humans the automation of knowledge and software-driven machines. The proliferation of web services, the emergence of mobile computing, social media, and high-speed wireless networks and the expansion of data centers marked the birth of the academic field of information technology in 2008. Almost a decade later, IT capabilities have become embedded in everything around us. Driving Forces through IT Innovations The most notable IT innovations that inform the IT domains of this report’s IT Curricular Framework follow— Mobile Applications – this have been the leading platform since 2016, with total activity on mobile devices accounting for two-thirds of digital media time spent [Lel1], after overtook fixed internet access in 2014. Social Platforms – that combined social media, social collaborations, and social feedback (reviews, comments, and ‘likes) have contributed to integrating social technologies with business applications, ranging from social customer relationship management to internal communications and collaboration, and to the business public social site. User Experiences – these are replacing the traditional user interfaces containing windows icons, menus, and mouse clicks with contemporary integrations of touch, gesture, voice, gaze tracking, real-time web implementation, and video in the design, implementation and evaluation of the user interfaces. Driving Forces through IT Innovations The most notable IT innovations that inform the IT domains of this report’s IT Curricular Framework follow— Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data – were among the top ten strategic technology trends announced annually by Gartner, Inc. in 2011. These developments coincide with General Electric’s move to open GE Digital, whose most important project was the launch of Predix in 2016. Cybersecurity - is the risk management comprises the full range of activities undertaken to protect IT and data from unauthorized access and other cyber threats, to maintain awareness of cyber threats, to detect anomalies and incidents adversely affecting IT and data, and to mitigate the impact of, respond to, and recover from incidents. Automation – this becoming a global force that will transform economies and the workforce. Robots and computers cannot only perform a range of routine physical work activities better and more cheaply than humans, but are also increasingly capable of automating cognitive capabilities. IT Careers Careers in Information Technology deal with the design, creation, management and maintenance of the varied components of the system, including: Software Hardware Networks System Integration Multimedia. IT Careers IT can be divided into four central pathways: Information Support and Services – Careers in this field are responsible for deploying and managing computer systems and software providing technical support and maintaining information system Programming and Software Development – Careers in this field are responsible for planning, designing, updating and managing computer software and systems through software programming and development Network Systems – Careers in this field are responsible for designing, analyzing, development and implementing network systems. Web and Digital Communication – Careers in this field are responsible for the creation and production of interactive media, including digital and multimedia products. IT Careers IT skills indeed differ across various position and occupational fields. However, employers typically seek candidates who think systematically and can solve problems through methodical approaches, conduct research, develop a series of rational solutions, test solutions effectively, verify problems are solved and document the solution. IT skills fall into three general categories Employability – Includes universal skills and foundational abilities to apply technical knowledge in each IT field. Examples:  Communication  Organization  Critical Thinking  Decision Making IT skills fall into three general categories Technical - Includes common skills applicable not only across IT, but to individual career clusters. Examples:  Programming Languages  Computer Software and Hardware  System Architecture  Internet Principles IT skills fall into three general categories Industry-Specific – These skills are unique to career clusters, specific occupations, or industries, demonstrating the IT professional’s advanced understanding of their field of practice  Compliance standards and protocols  Vendor specific certification  Industry-specific terminology  Company or Industry Practice Thank You! Do you have any questions? CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik Please keep this slide for attribution