Introduction to International Relations PDF

INTRODUCTI ON TO I N T E R N AT I O NAL R E L AT I O N S AND Resource I TDrSGul- Person: EMERGENCEi-Ayesha AS A FIELD O F S T U DY  Background Formation of the League of Initially IR emerged as a...

INTRODUCTI ON TO I N T E R N AT I O NAL R E L AT I O N S AND Resource I TDrSGul- Person: EMERGENCEi-Ayesha AS A FIELD O F S T U DY  Background Formation of the League of Initially IR emerged as a Nations aimed reflected Euro- discipline post- at global peace, American WWI from inspired by dynamics during history and Woodrow the interwar political science. Wilson’s 14 period. Points. What is International Relations? Study of Subfields: interactions Diplomacy, foreign between state policy, economy, and non-state history, sociology, actors. and ethics. Influenced by Focus: Global philosophers like systems, foreign Thucydides (power relations, and and conflict) and influence of non- Immanuel Kant state actors. (perpetual peace).  Importance and Scope of IR Key historical developments: Pre and post-nation-state system. Colonialism, imperialism, and industrial revolution. WWI and WWII: Technological advancements and shifts in power. Post-WWII: Emergence of new global systems and changing power dynamics. Critical Questions in IR  How do foreign policies shape state and non- state interactions?  Role of diplomacy in treaties and conflict resolution.  Impact of power, trade, globalization, and geopolitics on state behavior.  How conflicts and economic disparities affect global stability?  Transition from bipolarity (Cold War) to multipolarity. Role of international and regional organizations in Post-Cold War shaping order. Dynamics Emergence of new states and modern conflicts. Nuclear arms race and advancements in warfare.  Rise of non-state actors and non-traditional security threats. Population growth, resource scarcity, and environmental challenges. Emerging Challenges Advances in media, technology, and global economic blocs (EU, APEC, NAFTA). Rise of terrorism as a global threat. Regional and Global Regional powers: Powers India, China’s emergen South ce as a Africa, superpow Brazil, er. and Argentin Resurgen a. Unresolv ce of ed Russia disputes: and Palestine conflicts and like Kashmir. Ukraine.  Historical roots: Influenced by Thucydides, Hobbes, and Kant. Post-1945 developments: Expansion as an academic Emergence of IR discipline. as a Field Dominance of Western perspectives in IR studies. Marginalized contributions from developing countries, leading to knowledge gaps.  Salford & Co. The study of interactions Encompasses between nations, states, Diplomacy and other global actors. Foreign policy Conflict resolution What is Globalization Internation International al law Relations?  States compete for power and Salford & Co. Realis security. m Balance of power is central. Theorie s of IR Liberalis Emphasizes cooperation and mutual benefit. Highlights economic m interdependence and global institutions.  Focuses on the role of ideas, Constructivis Salford & Co. norms, and identities. m Perceptions influence behaviors and interactions. Theorie s of IR Marxism Views IR through the lens of capitalism. States pursue profit, leading to exploitation and dominance.  History Ancient Modern Foundations Discipline Emergence Post-World War II development, Philosophers like Thucydides and especially in the U.S. Aristotle on war Establishment of the League of and peace Nations and the United Nations.  Subfields of International Salford & Co. Relations Diplomac Foreign Conflict y Policy Resolutio n Globalization International Salford & Co. Multidisciplina Complexity ry Approach and Diversity Features of IR Inclusion of state and Non-State Actors  Importance of IRGlobal Issues Understanding Climate change, terrorism, pandemics, economic crises. Promoting Peace and Security Studying IR fosters global cooperation and conflict resolution.  Academia and Research Private Sector Policy Development Media and Journalism Scope of IR in Pakistan Diplomatic Careers Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) International Organizations Key areas of Focus for Relations with Strategic Pakistan neighboring countries alliances (CPEC, Belt (India, China, and Road Afghanistan, Initiative). Iran). Climate Counterterrori change and sm and water peacebuilding resource. management. Thank You