Ipad Itl (Week 2-7) PDF

**WEEK 2** **(Definition of Law and the** **Inherent Powers of the State)** **A. Discuss In re: Joaquin Borromeo, 241 SCRA 405, 1.M. No. 93-7-696-0, 21** **B. Discuss Department of Education Culture and Sports v. San Diego, G.R. No.\ 89572, 21 December 1989.** **C. What is law as defined by St....

**WEEK 2** **(Definition of Law and the** **Inherent Powers of the State)** **A. Discuss In re: Joaquin Borromeo, 241 SCRA 405, 1.M. No. 93-7-696-0, 21** **B. Discuss Department of Education Culture and Sports v. San Diego, G.R. No.\ 89572, 21 December 1989.** **C. What is law as defined by St. Thomas Aquinas?** **DEFINITION OF LAW BY ST. THOMAS OF AQUINAS** ---------------------------------------------- **D. Define law (Sanchez Roman).** **Law as Defined by Sanchez Roman** **E. What are the sources of law?** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a. b. c. d. 6. 7. **F. What are the parts of a law? Explain each.** **Parts of a Law:** 1. 2. 3. 4. **G. Discuss the principle of the rule of law.** ##### **Basic Principles Of The Constitution** ##### **Principles** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. **H. What are the three inherent powers of the State?** **Three Inherent Powers of the State (PET)** 1. 2. 3. **I. What is police power?** - **J. What is (an) eminent domain?** **Eminent Domain** **K. Read and discuss Article 435 of the Civil Code.** **ARTICLE 435 OF THE CIVIL CODE** **L. Distinction Between Eminent Domain and Expropriation** - - **M. Distinguish Expropriation from Sale** - - - - - - - - **N. What are the two stages in an expropriation proceeding?** **Two Stages in an Expropriation Proceeding** 1. 2. **O. What are the requisites of eminent domain?** **Requisites of Eminent Domain** 1. 2. **P. What is taxation?** **WEEK 3** **(Declaration of Principles and State Policies** **and Citizenship)** **a. Discuss Section 1 of Article II of the 1987 Constitution.** **SECTION 1 OF ARTICLE II OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION** **"Section 1.** [The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.]" This means that the power of the government is derived from the will of the people, and the government must serve and be accountable to them. **b. What does democratic and republican state mean?** **c. What is a state?** **d. What are the elements of a state?** 1. 2. 3. 4. c**. Define the elements of a state?** **ELEMENTS OF A STATE** ----------------------- #### **FOUR ELEMENTS OF A STATE:** **f. What is a de jure government?** A **de jure** government (government of law) is an organized government of a state which has the general support of the people. It has a legal title but no legal control. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **g. What is a de facto government?** **There are three kinds of de facto government:** 1. 2. 3. Examples to illustrate the concepts of **de jure** and **de facto** governments: ### **De Jure Government Example:** ### **De Facto Government Example:** **h. What is the ministrant (propriety) function of government?** **i. What is the constituent (governmental) function of government?** **j. Differentiate between government and administration.** **I. What is citizenship?** ##### **Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ##### **Evolution of Philippine citizenship:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **m. Who are the citizens of the Philippines?** [(Memorize Section 1, Article 4 of the Constitution.\')] **THE CITIZENS OF THE PHILIPPINES AND SECTION 1 ARTICLE 4 OF THE CONSTITUTION.** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **SECTION 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:** 1. 2. 3. 4. **n. What are the three distinct modes of acquiring citizenship?** **The three distinct modes of acquiring citizenship are:** 1. 2. 3. **o. What is jus soli?** **p. What is jus *sangguinis*?** **q. What is naturalization?** **r. Who are natural-born Filipino citizens?** - - **s. What is citizenship requisition?\'** **t. Cite examples of how Philippine citizenship is lost?\"** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **u. What is dual citizenship?** **v. What is dual allegiance?\"** **w. Distinguish dual citizenship from dual allegiance.** **x. Discuss Sections 2 to 5 of Republic Act No. 9225.** **SECTIONS 2 TO 5 OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. P9225** --------------------------------------------- **Republic Act No. 9225** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a. b. **WEEK 4** **(The Legislative and the Executive Branches of Government)** **a. What are the three branches of government?** **THE THREE BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT** **a. Who exercises legislative power in the Philippines?** **b. What is legislative power?** **LEGISLATIVE POWER** **c. What is bicameralism?** **UNICAMERALISM**(a government with one legislative house or chamber.) **BICAMERALISM**(a government with two legislative houses or chambers.) **d. What is the composition of the Senate?** **e. What are the qualifications to be elected a senator?** **f. What is the term of office of a Senator?** **TERM OF OFFICE OF A SENATOR** **g. What is the composition of the House of Representatives?** **COMPOSITION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE** 1. 2. **h. What are the qualifications to be elected a representative?** **QUALIFICATIONS TO BE ELECTED A REPRESENTATIVE** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **TERM:** Three (3) Years **MAXIMUM TERM OF OFFICE:** Three (3) Consecutive Terms **i. What is the term of office of a Representative?** **j. How does a bill become a law? Discuss override of presidential veto** **PROCESS OF BILL MAKING AND OVERRIDE PRESIDENTIAL VETO** 1. 2. 3. **k. What bills must originate from the House of Representatives? Discuss each.** **l. What is executive power** **EXECUTIVE POWER** **m. To whom is executive power vested?** **n. What are the qualifications to be elected President?** **QUALIFICATIONS TO BE ELECTED PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **TERM OF OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT** **TERM** Pres: Six (6) Years, 1 Term, No Re-Election **o. What are the qualifications to be elected Vice-President?** **QUALIFICATIONS TO BE ELECTED PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT** **p. What is the term of office of the President and the Vice-President?** **TERM OF OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT** **TERM Pres:** Six (6) Years, 1 Term, No Re-Election **RULES OF SUCCESSION (Article VII of the Constitution)** 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. **q. How are the President and the Vice-President elected?** **r. How is the vacancy in the Office of the President filled when it occurs after a Vice-President has taken the oath of office?** **s. How is the vacancy in the Office of the Vice-President filled whenever the Vice-President is unable to serve the term for which he was elected?\'s** **VACANCY IN THE OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT** **t. What is a midnight appointment?** **MIDNIGHT APPOINTMENTArticle VII, Section 15** **Exceptions to Midnight Appointments Requisites:** **u. Discuss the calling-out power of the President** **CALLING-OUT POWER OF THE PRESIDENT** **v. Discuss the President\'s power to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus.** 1. 2. 3. 4. **w. Discuss the President\'s power to declare martial law.** **PRESIDENT POWER TO DECLARE MARTIAL LAW** 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1. 2. 3. **WEEK 5** **(The Judicial Branch of Government and the Separation of Powers)** ### **a. What is Judicial Power?** ##### **Judicial Power** ##### **Justiciable and Political Questions** ##### **Justiciable** - implies a [given right, legally demandable] [and enforceable], an [act or omission violative of such] [right], and [a remedy granted and sanctioned by law for] [said breach of right.] Ex. Breach of Contract of Lease ### **b. Explain the "Expansion of Judicial Power under the 1987 Constitution".** 1. 2. ### **b.1. Discuss *Araullo v. Aquino III*, G.R. No. 209287, 01 July 2014.** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ### **c. Who wields judicial power?** ### **d. What are the inferior courts created by law?** **Inferior courts, as provided by law, include:** - - - - - ### **e. Discuss the hierarchy of courts.** **HIERARCHY OF COURTS** - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. a. b. c. 2. a. b. c. d. e. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **The hierarchy of courts in the Philippines is as follows:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ### **e.1. Discuss *Bañez v. Concepcion*, G.R. No. 159508, August 29, 2012.** In Bañez v. Concepcion (G.R. No. 159508, August 28, 2012): - - **f. What is the Composition of the Supreme Court?** **COMPOSITION OF THE SUPREME COURT** ### **g. What are the qualifications to be a member of the Supreme Court?** **QUALIFICATION TO BE A MEMBER OF THE SUPREME CORT** ---------------------------------------------------- 1. 2. 3. 4. ### **g.1. Discuss *Republic of the Philippines v. Sereno*, G.R. No. 237428, 11 May 2018.** - - **h. What is the Judicial and Bar Council?** **JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ### **h.1. Discuss *Judge Aguinaldo v. Pres. Aquino III*, G.R. No. 224302, 29 November 2016.** - - ### **i. What are the powers of the Supreme Court?** **POWERS OF THE SUPREME COURT** - - - - - - - 1. 2. a. b. c. d. e. ### ### **j. What is the power of judicial review?** **POWERS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW** **Judicial Review** **Requisites of Judicial Review: (EARLS)** **Functions of Judicial Review** 1. 2. 3. ### **k. What are the powers of the Supreme Court?** ### **i. Discuss the Supreme Court\'s rule-making power as stated under Section 5 of Art. VIII of the Constitution.** SUPREME COURT'S RULE-MAKING POWER UNDER SECTION 5 OF ART. VIII OF THE CONSTITUTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ### **i.1. Discuss *Pimentel, et al. v. Legal Education Board*, G.R. No. 230642, 10 September 2019.** ### In *Pimentel, et al. v. Legal Education Board* (G.R. No. 230642, September 10, 2019): - ### Nature: Consolidated cases challenging the constitutionality of R.A. No. 7662 (Legal Education Reform Act) and the PhilSAT. - ### Issues: Petitioners argued that the LEB's actions, including implementing the PhilSAT, violated the Supreme Court's rule-making power and academic freedom. - ### Ruling: The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of R.A. No. 7662 and the PhilSAT, rejecting claims of encroachment on judicial powers and violations of academic freedom. ### ### **m. What are the limitations to the Supreme Court\'s rule-making power?** **LIMITATIONS TO THE SUPREME COURT'S RULE-MAKING POWER** 1. 2. 3. **The limitations include:** - - - ### **n. What is the doctrine of separation of powers? What is its purpose?** **DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS** **Notes on Separation of Powers:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. **CHECKS AND BALANCES** ### **n.1. Discuss *Kilusang Mayo Uno v. Hon. Aquino III*, G.R. No. 210500, 02 April 2009.** - - **WEEK 6** **(Labor Law)** **a. What is labor law?** **LABOR LAW** **b. What is the main source of Philippine labor law?** **MAIN SOURCE OF LABOR LAW:** [Labor Code of the Philippines.] **LABOR LEGISLATION** **LABOR STANDARDS** EXPLANATION ON SOCIAL JUSTICE: **c.What is the purpose of the Labor Code (PD No. 442, as amended)?** **PURPOSE OF THE LABOR CODE (PD No.442, As Amended)** **PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 442** [Purpose:] a. b. c. **d. Memorize and discuss Section 3 of Article XIII of the Labor Code.(22)** **SECTION 3 OF ARTICLE XIII OF THE LABOR CODE** **LECTURE NOTES:** **NOTES:** **e. Define labor standards.** **f. Define labor relations.** **g. Who is an employer? h. Who is an employee?** **EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE** EMPLOYER EMPLOYEE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- One who employs the services of others; one for whom employees work and who pays their wages or salaries An employer includes any person acting in the interest of an employer directly or indirectly. One who is engaged in the service of another; who performs services for another; who works for salary or wages. His work is subject to control of the employer not only the result but the manner and means of doing it. **i. What are the four elements to determine employer-employee relationship?** **j. What is the control test?** **CONTROL TEST** Keywords: Control Test, Employee-Employer Relationship #### FACTS - - - #### ISSUE - #### RULING - - - **k. Give examples of management rights.** **MANAGEMENT RIGHTS** 1. 2. 3. 4. **l. What are the kinds of employment?** **KINDS OF EMPLOYMENT** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **m. What is probationary employment?** **n. What are the terms and conditions of employment covered under labor standards? Discuss each.(21)** 1. 2. 3. 4. **1. Wages:** - - - ### **2. Hours of Work:** - - - ### **3. Rest Days:** - ### **4. Holidays and Holiday Pay:** - ### **5. Leave Benefits:** - - - ### **6. 13th Month Pay:** - ### **7. Night Shift Differential:** - ### **8. Occupational Health and Safety:** - - ### **9. Employment of Women and Minors:** - - ### **10. Termination of Employment:** - - **o. What are the standard pay for the following:** **(1) overtime work?** **(2) night-differential?** **(3) work during regular holidays?** **(4) work during special non-working days?** **(5) work during restday?** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **p. Who are entitled to the items mentioned in letters o and p above.** **RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. **q. Read and Discuss Republic Act No. 9492 regarding flexible holidays.** **r. Discuss the provisions of Republic Act No. 10151 on women nightworkers in relation to Articles 130 and 131 of the Labor Code.** **s. Who is a managerial employee?** **MANAGERIAL EMPLOYEE** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | MANAGERIAL EMPLOYEES | | +===================================+===================================+ | Book III, Art. 82 Labor Standards | Book V. Art. 219 (M) Labor | | | Relations | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Definition | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Refer those whose primary duty | Vested with the powers or | | consists of the management of the | prerogative to lay down and | | | execute management | | establishment in which they are | | | employed or of a department or | policies, and/or to hire, | | subdivision thereof, and to the | transfer, suspend, lay-off, | | other | recall, discharge, assign, or | | | discipline employees. | | officers or members of the | | | managerial staff. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Application | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Used only for purposes of Book | Used only for purposes of Book V | | III (i.e., working conditions, | (i.e., forming, joining and | | rest periods, and benefits) | assisting of unions, | | | certification election, and | | | collective bargaining. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Inclusion of Supervisors | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Supervisors are members of the | Supervisors are not managerial | | managerial staff. In the effect, | employees under Book V. (Azucena, | | supervisor is a manager for | 2016) | | purposes of Book III. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **t. Who is a supervisory employee?** **SUPERVISORY EMPLOYEE** **u. Who is a rank-and-file employee?** **RANK-AND-FILE EMPLOYEE** **TITLE I, BOOK III OF THE LABOR CODE** **EXCEPTIONS:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **v. Define Termination of Employment?** **DEFINITION OF TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT** 1. 2. 3. **2- FOLD REQUIREMENT FOR LAWFUL DISMISSAL** 1. 2. **w. What are the just causes for dismissal of an employee?** **[JUST CAUSES] FOR DISMISSAL OF AN EMPLOYEE (SUBSTANTIVE)** [Grounds:] 1. S**erious misconduct or Willful disobedience** by the employee of the lawful orders of his employer or representative in connection with his work (related to the performance of the employee's duties) 2. **Gross and Habitual neglect** by the employee of his duties 3. **Fraud or Willful breach** by an employee of the Trust reposed in him by his employer or duly authorized representative (not mere suspicion) 4. **Commission of a crime or offense** by the employee against the person of his employer or any immediate member of his family or duly authorized representative 5. O**ther analogous cases** to the foregoing. (Art. 297, LC) **x. What are the authorized causes for dismissal of an employee?** AUTHORIZED CAUSES [Grounds:] 1. **[D]isease** 2. **[I]nstallation of labor-saving devices** (di mo na need because of the technology -- para maka-save) 3. **[R]edundancy** - pag parehas na yung function nung employee 4. **[R]etrenchment** 5. **[C]losing or cessation of operation of the establishment or undertaking** **y. What is due process in Labor Law?** **PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS** I. F[or termination of employment based on just causes as defined in Article 282 of the Code:] **TWIN NOTICE RULE:** a. A written notice served on the employee specifying the ground or grounds for termination, aru giving said employee reasonable opportunity within which to explain his side. b. A hearing or conference during which the employee concerned, with the assistance of counsel if he so desires is given opportunity to respond to the charge, present his evidence, or rebut the evidence presented against him. **TERMINATION ITSELF:** **(c)** A written notice of termination served on the employee, indicating that upon due consideration of all the circumstances, grounds have been abolished to justify his termination. 13 **z. Distinguish between substantive due process and procedural due process?** **Substantive due process** refers to the lawful grounds or valid reason for dismissal. **FACTS** - - - - - **ISSUE** - **RULING** - - - - - - - - - **z.3. Discuss Agabon v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, 17 November 2004.** **CASE DIGEST [[Agabon v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, 17 November 2004.]](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bsUEUTqvWQpZEo67bbSnZHoLEnD4YxVWFPv0q3COAus/edit)** **FACTS** - - - - **ISSUE** - **RULING** - - **KEY TAKEAWAY** - **aa. Discuss the Labor Code provision on resignation.** **TWO TYPES OF RESIGNATION** 1. **Voluntary Resignation** 2. **Involuntary Resignation or Constructive Dismissal** It occurs when there is cessation of work because employment is rendered impossible, unreasonable, or unlikely as when there is a demotion in rank or diminution in pay or when a clear discrimination, insensibility, or disdain by an employer becomes unbearable to the employee leaving the latter with no other option but to quit. (The University of Immaculate Conception v. NLRC) bb. Discuss the Labor Code provision on retirement. **RETIREMENT** 1. 2. **WEEK 7** **(Basics of Civil Law:** **Effects and Application of Law)** **a. What is the Civil Code?** **CIVIL CODE** **New Civil Code:** took effect on **August 30, 1950** **b. What are the books of the Civil Code?** **BOOKS OF THE CIVIL CODE** =========================== It was enacted by Republic Act No. 386 and contains four books: 1. 2. 3. 4. **c. When do laws take effect? Discuss Article 2 of Republic Act No. 386 (the New Civil Code), as amended.** **ARTICLE 2 OF THE CIVIL CODE (LAWS EFFECTIVITY)** **Art. 2** 1. 2. a. b. **Where to publish** 1. 2. **Newspaper of general circulation** 1. 2. 3. 4. **Indispensability of publication** **c.1. Discuss Tañada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, 29 December 1986.** **d. Discuss Article 3 of the Civil Code of the New Civil Code.** **Art. 3** **Presumption of Knowledge of Laws** **e. What is the rationale of Article 3.** **g. Discuss Article 4 of the Civil Code.** **Art. 4** **Retroactive law** **GENERAL RULE:** Laws are not retroactive. (Art. 4) **EXCEPTIONS (T-I-N-C-R-E-E-P):** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **EXCEPTIONS TO THE EXCEPTIONS:** If the application of the retroactive law: 1. 2. 3. 4. **h. What is the rationale of Article 4.** **RATIONALE OF ARTICLE 4** **i. Discuss Article 5 of the Civil Code.** **ARTICLE 5 OF THE CIVIL CODE (MANDATORY AND PROHIBITORY LAWS)** ================================================================ 1. 2. 3. **j. Discuss Article 6 of the Civil Code.** **ARTICLE 6 OF THE CIVIL CODE (WAIVER)** ======================================== **Art. 6** **k. What is a right?** **RIGHT** ========= a. b. c. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. **l. What is a waiver?** **WAIVER** **m. What are the requirements for a valid waiver?** **REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID WAIVER** **General Rule:** Rights may be waived. **Requisites of a valid waiver** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **TO SUMMARIZE: (Herrera v. Borromeo)** 1. 2. 3. **EXCEPTIONS:** 1. a. b. a. b. **m.1. Discuss Guy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 163707, September 15, 2006.** **n. What are the kinds of repeal?** **ARTICLE 7 OF THE CIVIL CODE (REPEAL)** **Art. 7** **REPEAL OF LAWS** **Ways of Repealing Laws** 1. 2. **Requisites of an Implied Repeal:** 1. 2. **Instances of implied repeal** 1. 2. **Conflict between general and special laws** **EXCEPTIONS:** 1. 2. 3. **Self-Lapsing laws** **o. Discuss the hierarchy of laws. (Article 7, Republic Act No. 386 or the Civil Code of the Philippines)23** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **0.1. Discuss Bañez v. Concepcion, G.R. No. 159508, August 29, 2012.** **p.Discuss Article 8 of the Civil Code.** **ARTICLE 8 OF THE CIVIL CODE** =============================== **Art. 8** **q. What is the doctrine of stare decisis?** **DOCTRINE OF STARE DECISIS** ============================= **q.1. Discuss DOTC v. Cruz, G.R. No. 178256, July 23, 2008.** **r. Discuss Article 9 of the Civil Code.** **ARTICLE 9 OF THE CIVIL CODE** =============================== **Art. 9** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **s. Discuss Article 10 of the Civil Code.** **ARTICLE 10 OF THE CIVIL CODE** ================================ **Art. 10** **s.1. Discuss Amatan v. Aujero, A.M. No. RTJ-93-956, September 27, 1995.** **t. Discuss Article 13 of the Civil Code.** **ARTICLE 13 OF THE CIVIL CODE** - - - - **u. Discuss Article 15 of the Civil Code.** **ARTICLE 15 OF THE CIVIL CODE** **Art. 15** **'STATUS' DEFINED** **SCOPE OF ART. 15 (NATIONALITY PRINCIPLE)** **Art. 15 refers to:** a. b. c. d. **APPLICABILITY OF ART. 15** **Does Art. 15 apply to Filipinos merely?** **ANSWER:** a. b. **v. What is the nationality principle?**