IoT Lecture 3 PDF

# INTERNET OF THINGS I ## Lecture 3 Internet of Things I Course ## 01. IoT Building Blocks Hardware and Software - IoT is the integration of various technologies that have their own significance within a complete IoT system. The basic building blocks (i.e. Smart Thing [Object/Device], IoT Gateway...

# INTERNET OF THINGS I ## Lecture 3 Internet of Things I Course ## 01. IoT Building Blocks Hardware and Software - IoT is the integration of various technologies that have their own significance within a complete IoT system. The basic building blocks (i.e. Smart Thing [Object/Device], IoT Gateway, IoT Cloud, IoT Analytics, and IoT Applications). ### IoT Building Blocks Diagram  - Diagram describing basic components of an IoT system. The diagram begins with a "Smart Thing" which connects to an "IoT Gateway" via Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, BLE, Zigbee, etc. The "IoT Gateway" connects to "Internet / Intranet" via LAN and WAN. There is also a "Cloud" connection. Both the "Internet / Intranet" and the "Cloud" connect to "IoT Analytics" and an "IoT App". ## The Smart Things - In IoT, a smart thing could be any physical object that is created either as a manufactured artifact or by placing embedded electronic tags or sensors to any non-smart physical thing. These smart things are also known as smart devices and hold the potential of exchanging data in the IoT system. ### A Smart thing conceptual model  - The diagram shows a "Smart Thing" with a "Physical thing" and an "Electronic device" inside. The "Electronic device" contains a Tag, Sensor, and Actuator. The "Actuator" acts on the "Physical thing", the "Sensor" monitors, reads, and identifies the "Physical thing". ## Smart thing components  - Diagram showing a circular model of a "Smart Thing" divided into 4 sections. Each section corresponds to a component: Sensor, Communicator, Actuator, and Controller. ## Smart Thing Sensor - The sensor is one of the most essential components of smart things that induce the sensing capability in smart things to perceive a change in the ambient conditions occurring around their environment. - In general, a sensor is a device that is able to receive and respond to a stimulus (for example, variation in any natural phenomenon, i.e. temperature, pressure, humidity, motion, position, displacement, sound, force, flow, light, chemical presence, etc.). - Technically, a sensor is a device that translates the received stimulus (a quantity, property, or condition/state of a physical object) into an electrical signal. ## Smart Thing Communicator - Besides the sensing capability, the smart things in IoT contain low power transmitting components that can transmit sensed data to respective network technology devices. - Different types of wireless networks including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRAWAN), etc. enable the connectivity of smart things to the IP-based network infrastructure through IoT Gateways. ## Smart Thing Actuator - Actuators as a complement to sensors are required to take actions, which are based on some sensor readings. - Actuators fundamentally require two things, i.e. energy and control signal for their proper functioning. In typical IoT systems, after decision-making over received sensed information in the control center, commands are ultimately sent back to actuators. - In general, actuators can be categorized into various types, i.e. electric-based actuators, magnetic-based actuators, mechanical-based actuators, hydraulic actuators, etc. ## Smart Thing Controller - To make things smart, typically IoT applications demand more than just adding a sensor to a physical thing, i.e. a Microcontroller (MCU). ## Microcontroller (MCU) - An MCU contains one or more processors, memory programmable input/output peripherals on a single integrated circuit. - These MCUs are different from microprocessors (available in Personal Computers [PCs]) and basically designed for embedded applications. - The cost-effectiveness of MCUs supports their usage for the addition and enhancement of computing capabilities of a physical thing. - The following are the significant features of MCUs: - MCUs have a specific amount of RAM. - MCUs have flash memory to store offline data. - MCUs have input/output pins (ranging from 1s to 100s) to connect sensors/actuators to MCU. - MCUs have Ethernet/Wi-Fi ports for Internet connectivity. - MCUs are generally available in a number of bits that ultimately affect the speed of computation. - MCUs have power supply pins to supply power to attached sensors. ## Development Boards - MCUs are mostly available on printed circuit boards known as development boards, which also contain supporting components (i.e. power source, support for connecting sensors, and sometimes onboard sensor). These development boards are useful for the prototyping of an IoT system and enable users to quickly connect sensors. - Moreover, the accompanying software of these development boards facilitates the deployment of code for these sensor devices. There are a number of development boards, and MCUs are available from different companies, i.e. Arduino, Raspberry Pi, esp32, etc. - Although selection of right development board and MCU ultimately depends on the nature of the application, however, different factors also play important role, i.e.: - Easy availability and compatibility of development board to support sensors of your application. - Sufficient memory to execute your IoT application. - Energy-efficient architecture and cost of development board to implement IoT system. ## Packet Tracer and MCUs - Concerning the design understanding of an IoT system, Packet Tracer is helpful in two ways: - Provisioning of a virtual environment that mimics a real-life scenario - Provides an integrated development environment for the programming of MCUs for the evaluation of proposed algorithms before actual implementation in real-world scenarios. ## IoT components and smart things available in Cisco Packet Tracer  ## IoT smart things directly connected to home gateway.  ## IoT components and smart things connected to MCU.  ## IoT components and smart things directly connected to MCU.  ## 02. Packet Tracer and IoT ## IoT and Packet Tracer - Packet Tracer is a visual cross-platform tool (can be run on Linux, Windows, Android, and also macOS) developed by Cisco Systems, which assists in understanding the concepts of computer networking through simulations. - It follows the procedure of simple drag and drop method to add/remove network (including IoT) devices of all kinds. - In addition, it allows programming in a variety of languages, i.e. JavaScript, Python, and Blockly, to allow to perform simulations in simple ways. - The IoT project examples developed in Packet Tracer using Blockly language will be helpful to understand the basics of Things connectivity over the Internet. - Real-life things embedded with electronic devices are able to communicate each other. - Blockly is a programming language, which lets you create your own program in a much better and easier way using Packet Tracer. ## Cisco Packet Tracer user interface  ## Few lot devices available in Cisco Packet Tracer  ## THANKS! - Do you have any questions?