Inventors & Discoveries PDF

THE DESIGN LADDER A Step-way to your Dream Design College. Inventor's & Their Discoveries Inventors develop new technologies and create solutions to everyday problems. Their discoveries range from life-changing medical advances to everyday household items. Their impact on society has b...

THE DESIGN LADDER A Step-way to your Dream Design College. Inventor's & Their Discoveries Inventors develop new technologies and create solutions to everyday problems. Their discoveries range from life-changing medical advances to everyday household items. Their impact on society has been profound and shaped the way we live today. www.thedesignladder.com INDIAN INVENTORS AND THEIR DISCOVERIES www.thedesignladder.com The Ayurveda Maharishi Charaka 'Ayurveda’ means ‘science of life’; It is a traditional school of medicine, invented & practised in India for over Buttons & 5,000 years & helps Natural people attain good health without the Fibres use of drugs. The Father of Medicine, Harappas Charaka was one of The origins of the prime buttons trace back to contributors to the Indus Valley Ayurveda. Civilisation, which is made out of seashells and formed into geometric shapes with tiny holes bored into them and natural fibres like wool and cotton also originated in India. www.thedesignladder.com Cataract surgery Sushruta Ancient Indian physician Sushruta known as the Father of surgery was born in India and was the first surgeon to perform Cataract extraction as Email early as 600 BC. One of the most significant Shiva ancient sanskrit Ayyadurai medical texts still in existence is the Ayyadurai Sushruta Samhita, developed a which is credited to computer program, him and is regarded as which replicated the the first text of Ayurveda. features of the interoffice, inter- organizational paper mail system so he named his program an “EMAIL”. www.thedesignladder.com Flood Prevention System Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya He developed the automatic weir Pi water floodgate system. Srinivasa This system enables Ramanujan the raising of water levels in a reservoir He made according to supply substantial without causing any contributions to the damage to the dam. analytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, and found a formula for infinite series and analysis of Pi. www.thedesignladder.com Raman Effect C.V. Raman Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was an eminent Indian physicist who did immense USB contributions to the field of light Ajay V. Bhatt scattering and Ajay V. Bhatt, an discovered the Indian-American Raman Effect in computer architect Physics. made the USB (Universal Serial Bus). It’s a small removable storage device that is capable of holding a large chunk of data storage and transferring it. www.thedesignladder.com Wireless communication Jagdish Chandra Bose His contributions to plant science are significant, such as the invention of the crescograph, a device Zero that could measure the growth of plants. Arayabhatta He also invented A man of wireless technology, mathematical & which enables people astronomical talents, to communicate Aryabhata invented quickly & transmit ZERO and Indians information over a were the first to use distance without the Zero as a symbol & in need for electrical mathematical conductors, wires or operations. The Zero, cables. which is literally nothing, but without it, there would have been no binary system and subsequently, no computers. www.thedesignladder.com INTERNATIONAL INVENTORS AND THEIR DISCOVERIES www.thedesignladder.com Automatic Calculator Wilhelm Schickard Wilhelm Schickard was a German astronomer, mathematician, and Air cartographer. In 1623, he invented Conditioner one of the first Willis Carrier calculating machines. He also On July 17, 1902, worked on Willis Haviland astronomy, Carrier designed the mathematics and first modern air- surveying. conditioning system, launching an industry that would improve the way we live, work & play. He invented it to address a humidity problem for his client's printing company. www.thedesignladder.com Atom Bomb Julius Robert Oppenheimer J. Robert Oppenheimer was an American theoretical physicist. Aspirin responsible for the research and design Dr.Felix Hoffman of an atomic bomb in 1945. He is often Felix Hoffmann known as the was a German “father of the chemist, in atomic bomb.” 1897 he made acetylsalicylic acid better known today as aspirin, to ease his father's arthritis. www.thedesignladder.com Airplane Wilber and Orville Wright Wilber and Orville Wright are best remembered for making the first successful Bifocal Lens powered aeroplane flight Benjamin at Kitty Hawk, Franklin North Carolina Franklin found that in 1903. his eyesight was getting worse as he got older both near- sighted & far-sighted. Tired of switching between two pairs of eyeglasses, so he invented “double spectacles” or what we now call bifocals. www.thedesignladder.com Barometer Evangelista Torricelli Torricelli was an Italian scientist who was the first man to discover the principle of a barometer in 1643. He created a vacuum Blood Group by filling a glass tube with mercury, Karl inverting it and then Landsteiner submerging the open end in a vessel of In 1900, Karl mercury. Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system by mixing red cells and serum. He is known as the Father of blood grouping and immunochemistry. www.thedesignladder.com Ball Point Pen John Loud John Jacob Loud was an American inventor known for designing the first ballpoint pen. It is also known as Bicycle Tyres a biro, ball pen, or dot pen. It is a pen John Boyd that dispenses ink Dunlop over a metal ball at its point i.e. J.B. Dunlop was a over a "ball point" Scottish inventor & veterinary surgeon who is familiar with making rubber devices. He invented the first practical pneumatic tyres for his child's tricycle and developed them for use in cycle racing. www.thedesignladder.com Celluloid Alexander Parkes The first celluloid as a bulk material for forming objects was made in 1855 in Birmingham, Chloroform England, by Alexander Parkes, James Young who was never able to see his Simpson invention reach Sir James Young full fruition. Simpson discovered the anaesthetic properties of chloroform and pioneered its application in surgery and midwifery (practice of assisting women in childbirth). www.thedesignladder.com Computer Charles Babbage He developed the Difference Engine, Circulation of considered to be the first automatic blood computing engine William Harvey that was capable of computing several He was the first sets of numbers person to describe the and making hard circulation of blood copies of the and showed that results. arteries and veins form a complete circuit. The circuit starts at the heart and leads back to the heart with regular contractions which drive the flow of blood throughout the whole body. www.thedesignladder.com Centigrade Scale Anders Celsius In 1742, Anders Celsius, an astronomer invented the Celsius Chlorine temperature scale, often called the centigrade scale, in Carl Wilhelm which 0°C is the Scheele freezing point of water and 100°C is Carl Wilhelm the boiling point. Scheele, a Swedish pharmacist, first described the greenish-yellow gas in 1774 after dropping hydrochloric acid onto manganese dioxide. www.thedesignladder.com Dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel Dynamite was invented by the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel in 1867. It is an explosive Diesel Engine made of nitroglycerin, Rudolf Diesel sorbents, and A diesel engine is a stabilizers. It rapidly type of internal gained wide-scale use combustion engine as a more robust that uses alternative to black compression powder. ignition to turn the energy in diesel fuel into rotary mechanical energy. The diesel engine was named after its inventor, Rudolf Diesel in 1895. www.thedesignladder.com Dynamo Michael Faraday Electric Fan A dynamo is a device that uses electromagnetism Schuyler to create a direct Wheeler current of electrical power. Schuyler Skaats Wheeler was an American electrical engineer and manufacturer who invented the electric fan, an electric elevator design and the electric fire engine in 1882. www.thedesignladder.com Electroscope William Gilbert In 1600, British physician William Gilbert invented the first electroscope with a pivoted needle called a Elevator sensorium. He is the first to use the terms Elisha electric attraction, Graves Otis electric force, & magnetic pole, so he The OTIS is often considered ELEVATOR the father of COMPANY electrical studies. introduced the first safety passenger elevator in 1852. This invention impressed spectators and the first passenger elevator was installed in New York City in 1856. www.thedesignladder.com Fountain Pen Petrache Poenaru Petrache Poenaru was a Romanian inventor who discovered the fountain pen in Fluorine 1827. His pen had a André-Marie barrel made from Ampère a large swan quill. He invented it to He was a French help him save physicist & time while taking mathematician. notes. Though he taught mathematics, his research extended into many scientific fields, like chemistry, and physics and discovered an unknown element, which he named fluorine in 1810. www.thedesignladder.com Gramophone Thomas Edison The phonograph or Gramophone was developed as a result of Edison's work on two other inventions, the telegraph and the telephone. Edison was working on a machine that would transcribe Helicopter telegraphic messages through indentations Igor Sikorsky on paper tape, which could later be sent Igor, a Russian - over the telegraph American, he was repeatedly. the first to design a practical helicopter in 1939 his model was named Vought- Sikorsky-300 (VS-300) a single- engine, three- blade helicopter. www.thedesignladder.com Hot Air Balloon Montgolfier Brothers French brothers were the inventors of the first practical hot air balloon in 1783. They made it using a small bag of silk and Hovercraft lit a fire under the opening at the Christopher bottom causing it to Sydney Cockerell rise and they rose In 1959, British because the heated inventor and air inside was lighter engineer than the surrounding Christopher air. invented a swift water- transport vehicle called the hovercraft. www.thedesignladder.com Insulin Sir Frederick Banting Frederick, a physician and scientist who discovered insulin in 1923, a hormone of critical Jet Engine importance in regulating blood Hans Von sugar levels. When Ohain insulin action is Hans was a German deficient, one physicist, engineer, develops diabetes and designer of the mellitus. first turbojet engine to power an aircraft. Together with Frank Whittle, he has been called the "father of the jet engine" www.thedesignladder.com Light Bulb Thomas Edison He made an incandescent bulb that burned long enough to be Laser practical, long enough to light Theodore a home for Maiman many hours in 1854. Theodore Maiman made the first laser operate in 1960 at the Hughes Research Laboratory in California, by shining a high- power flash lamp on a ruby rod with silver-coated surfaces. www.thedesignladder.com Locomotive George Stephenson George Stephenson was an English engineer and Motorcycle principal inventor of the Gottlieb railroad Daimler locomotive in 1804. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler, a German Inventor discovered the first true motorcycle. www.thedesignladder.com Microscope Zacharias Janssen Every major field of science has benefited from the use of the Microphone microscope, an invention that dates Alexander back to the late 16th century (the year Graham Bell 1590) and a modest Graham Bell is Dutch eyeglass credited with the maker named invention of the Zacharias Janssen. telephone since demonstrations for an apparatus designed for “transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically… causing electrical undulations” were successful in 1876. www.thedesignladder.com Machine Gun Richard Jordan Gatling Richard was an American inventor best Neon Lamp known for his invention of the Georges Gatling gun, which is Claude considered to be Claude the first successful developed neon machine gun. tube lighting to exploit the neon that was produced as a byproduct of his air liquefaction business in 1915. www.thedesignladder.com Oxygen Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley was the first to publish an account of oxygen, having Ozone made it in 1774 by focusing Christian sunlight on Friedrich mercuric oxide Schonbein (HgO) and collecting the gas Ozone is a which came off. naturally occurring substance which was first made in the laboratory in 1839 by German scientist Christian Friedrich Schonbein. www.thedesignladder.com Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, a German inventor and craftsman who introduced letterpress printing Periodic Table to Europe with his movable-type Dmitri printing press and Mendeleev Gutenberg's version Mendeleev is of printing was the considered the first to spread across father of the the world from 1440. modern periodic table because he was the first to create a table that classified elements by their atomic number. He created this table in 1869, and it has been used ever since. www.thedesignladder.com Penicillin Alexander Fleming Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician- scientist & Professor of Pacemaker Bacteriology who was recognised Rune for discovering Elmqvist penicillin in 1928, the first true Rune Elmqvist antibiotic. developed the first implantable pacemaker in 1958. Pacemakers send electrical pulses to help your heart beat at a normal rate and rhythm. www.thedesignladder.com Motor Car Karl Benz In 1885, Karl Benz's three- wheeled vehicle became the first Polonium & successful petrol- Radium engine car. He was awarded a patent Marie & for it and became Pierre Curie the first motor manufacturer with Pierre Curie & Marie his Modell 3 Benz. Curie discovered Polonium and Radium in 1898. In 1903 they won the Nobel Prize for Physics for discovering radioactivity and in chemistry for isolating pure radium. www.thedesignladder.com Rocket Engine Robert Hutchings Goddard He was an American engineer, professor, physicist and inventor who created and build the world's first liquid-fueled Refrigerator rocket and successfully launched William Cullen it in 1926, which ushered in an era of William Cullen space flight & was a Scottish innovation. physician, chemist, agriculturalist, and professor who invented the basis for modern refrigeration. www.thedesignladder.com  Rubber (vulcanised) Charles Goodyear Charles Goodyear was an American self- taught chemist & manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanised rubber in 1841, so it Radio could be applied to a vast variety of Guglielmo industrial uses Giovanni Maria including automobile Marconi tires. Guglielmo, an Italian inventor and electrical engineer, known for his creation of the practical radio wave-based wireless telegraph system in 1894. www.thedesignladder.com Ship (Turbine) Charles Parsons Sir Charles Algernon Steam Ship Parsons was an & Boat Anglo-Irish engineer, best Robert Fulton known for his invention of the Robert Fulton compound designed and steam turbine operated the in 1894. world's first commercially successful steamboat in 1807. www.thedesignladder.com Submarine Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel Cornelis, a Dutch Stethoscope engineer and inventor was Rene Laennec the builder of the first Rene Theophile operational Hyacinthe submarine in Laennec was a 1620. French physician who invented the stethoscope in 1816. www.thedesignladder.com Saxophone Adolphe Sax Adolphe Sax, a musical instrument designer born Sewing in Belgium who Machine could play many wind Elias Howe instruments discovered Elias Howe Saxophone in invented the first- 1846. ever lockstitch sewing machine in the world in 1846. His invention helped the mass production of sewing machines & clothing. www.thedesignladder.com Thermometer Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei invented the rudimentary water thermometer in Theory of 1593 which Evolution allowed temperature Charles variations to be Darwin measured for the Darwin defined first time. evolution as "descent with modification," the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species and share a common ancestor. www.thedesignladder.com Typewriter Christopher Latham Sholes A typewriter is a mechanical or Transistor electromechanical machine for John Bardeen, typing characters. William designed by the American inventor Shockley & Christopher Walter Brattain Latham Sholes. Three persons shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for the breakthrough of a Transistor in 1948. www.thedesignladder.com Telephone Alexander Graham Bell The telephone was first invented Vaccum Tube in 1876 by Alexander John Ambrose Graham Bell. Fleming Days later, he made the first Fleming valve/ valve ever telephone was a thermionic call to his partner, valve/ vacuum tube Thomas Watson. invented in 1904 by English physicist J.A. Fleming as a detector for early radio receivers used in electromagnetic wireless telegraphy. www.thedesignladder.com Vacuum Cleaner Hubert Cecil Booth Hubert Cecil Vitamin A, B, Booth is an English C, K & E engineer best Vitamin A- known for Frederick Gowland having invented Hopkins one of the first Vitamin B- powered Christiaan Eijkman vacuum Vitamin C- Albert cleaners in Szent- Gyorgi 1901. Vitamin E- Herbert McLean Evans & Katherine Scott Bishop Vitamin K-Henrik Dam www.thedesignladder.com Frederick Gowland Hopkins (VIT. A) Herbert Mc Lean Evans (VIT. E) Christiaan Eijkman (VIT. B) Henrik Dam (VIT. K) Albert Szent-Gyorgi (VIT. C) www.thedesignladder.com Windshield Wipers Mary Anderson Windshield Wiper was Invented In 1902 by a Woman who didn't drive. Entrepreneur Mary Anderson thought World Wide it made no sense Web that New York streetcar drivers Tim Berners had to keep Lee & Robert jumping off to Cailliau clean snow from the windshield. Tim Berners- Lee, a British scientist invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989. www.thedesignladder.com X-ray Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Wilhelm Rontgen, a German mechanical engineer and Xerox physicist produced and Machine detected electromagnetic Chester Carlson radiation in a The Xerographic wavelength range process was known as X-rays invented by Chester or Rontgen rays. Carlson in 1928 and commercialised by the Xerox Corporation, which is widely used to produce high- quality text and graphic images on paper. www.thedesignladder.com