Introduction to Research I PDF

THE NATURE AND PURPOSE OF RESEARCH IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Prepared by: JORDAN M. CABAGUING Asst. Prof. What is Research? ❑ According to Rivera (1996) research is a systematic exploration of possible solutions to an existing problem. ❑Researcher...

THE NATURE AND PURPOSE OF RESEARCH IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Prepared by: JORDAN M. CABAGUING Asst. Prof. What is Research? ❑ According to Rivera (1996) research is a systematic exploration of possible solutions to an existing problem. ❑Researcher should bear in mind that research is always based on problem solving. Research should provide answers to specific questions. ❑Business research is the bridge that links the organization to its business activities through the gathering of information. This information allows for the generation, refinement and evaluation of the different business activities. ❑It allows the firm to plan and execute its business activities and ideas in order to create exchange transactions that satisfy both the firm and its stakeholders. ❑A good researchers should be a good investigators. ❑A good investigator should be a good observant. ❑It starts by looking first all the problems and preceded by collecting data and framing the hypothesis.  Choosing for Topics ❑Read a lot to be knowledgeable on the topic. For undergraduate 20 articles/literatures, master’s 50, and Doctorate is 100. ❑Read anything and everything related to your topic. Tips in Shaping a Research Topic 1. Find your topic from classmates, faculty, seminar, conference, forum, journal, articles, theses and dissertations. 2. Choose a topic that you like. 3. Choose an interesting topic to your audience 4. Choose a topic within your field 5. Choose a current topic 6. Make your topic manageable 7. Think about feasibility, time, money, and other resources required for completion 8. Consider the three major criteria of a good thesis/dissertation 8.1. must be researchable 8.2. original (theory building vs theory testing 8.3. Contributory to your field or to the society. 9. Write a concise and complete title. The title should address the majority of the questions of who, what, where, when, why, how.  GUIDELINES IN WRITING TITLE 1. Generally, the title is formulated before the start of the research work. It maybe revised and refined later is there is a need. 2. The title must contain the subject matter of the study, the locale of the study, the population involved, and the period when the data were gathered or will be gathered. 3. It must be broad enough to include all aspects of the subject matter studied or to be studied. Hence, the title indicates what is expected to be found inside the thesis report. 4. It must be as brief and concise as possible. 5. Avoid using the terms “An analysis of, “A study of, “An investigation of, and the like. 6. If the title contains more than one line, it must be written like an inverted pyramid all word in capital letters. Example of a Research Title: “Preserving Authenticity of Traditional Kuratsa Dance: Basis for Imagery Enhancement of Eastern Samar as a Destination Choice” “ Local Community Assessment on the Economic, Environmental, and Social Aspect of Ecotourism in Region VIII”  “Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement and Empowerment among Accredited Hotels in Cavite” “Prince Hypermart Consumers Behavioural Purchase Intention”  In writing for the title , research participant must be on the title (who). The content of the variables must be there. For quantitative studies, you need to identify both the dependent and the independent variables clearly. The reason of conducting the study should be there like exploration, investigation, theory building, and theory testing. The research design should be clear to the readers when they read the title. WRITING FOR THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Its Parts I. Background of the Study II. Statement of the Problem III. Scope and Delimitation IV. Significance of the Study V. Definition of Terms ❑The researcher has to introduce the different elements of Chapter I by giving a brief description of each element, for the reader to know what to expect of the chapter. Writing the Background of the Study 1. State the background of the problem 2. Know the problem you are trying to address 3. Briefly state the importance of the study 4. Consider answering these questions as you shape your problem statement, your purpose statement, and narrowing down your topic. 4.1. What causes the phenomena 4.2. Who is especially affected/ involved in it? 4.3. When does it occur? 4.4. What effect does it have? 4.5. How do various group perceive it? 4.6. What will make it better? 4.7. What makes it effective? 4.8. What relationship does it have to the phenomena? Writing Statement of the Problem 1. Consider the main goal of the study 2. Make the purpose statement clear, specific, and achievable 3. Use questions such as “what”, “how”, “why”, to “what extent”? 4. Connect the questions to the topic, problem statement, and purpose statement. 5. Write clear research questions 6. State the research hypotheses. Writing for Introduction/Background of the study It is the first chapter of research whose purpose is to introduce the problem, clarify important information. It discusses the general context under which a research problem is to be studied. Writing for Introduction/Background of the study In introduction statement can be made on why it is important to focus on the program or project being evaluated or assessed in a particular research. It should have explanations or statement of authorities to explain why the study is being conducted. The researcher points out that the study is about a special problem different from other problem.  Background of the Study This portion states the setting of the identified research problem. The presentation should be directed into what the problem is investigating. It briefly expressed the need to undertake the study about the said problem.  Statement of the Problem They are commonly found in places whose where is a feeling of discomfort, perceived difficulties in the management and leadership system. The research problem that the student is investigating must relate his/her interest, background and expectance.  Statement of the Problem It is expected to yield findings that will provide useful information in the area of his/her investigation. The problem may be about the relationship among variables which the study aims to establish and find out the extent of such relationship.  Statement of the Problem One way of analysing the problem is to state a major problem and its sub- problems. The general statement of the problem is usually a reiteration of the title of the study.  STRESS AND COPING MECHANISM AMONG TOURISM STUDENTS OF ESSU GUIUAN  Significance of the Study In this section the researcher express the value or importance of the research study. It is where the significant contributions of results of the study are enumerated. The contributions must be viewed from the point of the target beneficiaries like the service providers, society, clients or customers, practice of a professions, school administrators, the planners, and etc.  Scope and Delimitation of the Study The scope identifies the boundaries or coverage of the study in terms of subjects, facilities, objectives, area, time, duration, and the issues to which the research is focused. You can use this phrases…. “This study will focus on….” “The study consists of ……” “The study covers the….” “It also involves the …..”  Delimitation You can use the following phrases… “The researchers limits this study…” “This study is limited to….” “The study does not cover the….” “This study does not seek to include…”  Definition of Terms This section of the research include important or key terms that should be substantially and clearly defined according to how they are used in the study in order to facilitate understanding of the problems and variables used. The definition of terms should be defined according to its operational meaning.  Whatever variables in the study should be defined accordingly. Operational definition is a way of expressing the meaning of terms as used in a particular field of study. Variables are element of having a fixed pattern that has a quantity or quality that varies. Independent variable. Called as causes variables.  Individual Activity 1. Make your Research Analysis on the research handed to you. 2. Follow the format in your research analysis Name: Year & Section Subject: Date: 3. Make a bar after the information needed above, and follow the format below: 3.1. Research Title 3.2. Author/s 3.3.Publisher 3.4. ISBN # 4. Make an Executive Summary of the Research 5. Make your Introduction (The introduction should discusses about how significant is the research findings and its contribution to the hospitality and other organizations as may it beneficial. Make sure that it is backed up with literature to strengthen your stands and discussion 6. Provide your Analysis in a form of a discussion. It must also be supported with literature. 7. Make your conclusions and Recommendations based on your analysis. Thank You for Listening!