Digestive & Respiratory System PDF

ABC Digestive & Respiratory System Dr Adel Bondok Mansoura University, Egypt What are the components of the GIT? 1. Oral cavity 2. Pharynx 6 3. Esophagus 1 4. Stomach 2 5...

ABC Digestive & Respiratory System Dr Adel Bondok Mansoura University, Egypt What are the components of the GIT? 1. Oral cavity 2. Pharynx 6 3. Esophagus 1 4. Stomach 2 5. Small intestine 6. Large intestine 3 What are the accessory organs? 1. Teeth 6 2. Tongue 4 3. Salivary glands 4. Liver 6 5. Gall bladder 5 6. Pancreas Dr Adel Bondok® DIVISIONS OF THE ORAL CAVITY Oral Cavity Proper Vestibule Lies inside the alveolar Lies outside the alveolar arches (teeth and gums) arches (teeth and gums) Dr Adel Bondok® What is the name Which salivary duct of this space? opens into it? Vestibule Parotid duct Dr Adel Bondok® What are the 3 Salivary Glands? 3 Major Salivary Glands: 1 1. Parotid Gland 2. Submandibular 3 Gland 2 3. Sublingual Gland Dr Adel Bondok® What is the largest salivary gland? Parotid gland What are the salivary ducts which Submandibular & open into the mouth cavity proper? Sublingual ducts P P Dr Adel Bondok®  Where Do the Ducts Open in the Oral Cavity 1. Parotid duct: In the vestibule opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth 1 2. Submandibular duct: In the oral cavity proper 3. Sublingual ducts: 3 2 In the oral cavity proper Dr Adel Bondok®  What is the Volume of Saliva Secreted By Each Gland ? 1. Parotid Gland: 25% of saliva 2. Submandibular Gland: 70% of saliva 3. Sublingual Gland: 5% of saliva Dr Adel Bondok®  Q&A Dr Adel Bondok® A. What is the name of this pouch? ……………………... B. Name the duct which opens in this pouch: ………….. Dr Adel Bondok® The Teeth How many deciduous teeth? Babies 20 How many permanent teeth? Adult 32  THE PHARYNX What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx? 1. Nasopharynx: behind the nose 2. Oropharynx: behind oral cavity 3. Laryngopharynx: behind the larynx Name 1 structure in the oropharynx Palatine tonsil Dr Adel Bondok® Which part of the pharynx is not part of the GIT What is the length of the esophagus? What are the parts of the stomach? 1 25 cm 2 3 2 1 2. Pyloric Part 1. Cardiac Part 1. Pyloric antrum 1. Fundus 2. Pyloric canal 2. Body 3. Pyloric sphincter Dr Adel Bondok® What is the length of 6m the small intestine? What is the length of 1.5 m the large intestine? What are the 3 parts of the small intestine? L S 1. Duodenum 25 cm; 10 inches 2. Jejunum 40% of the length 3. Ileum 60% of the length Dr Adel Bondok® What is the main function of the small Intestine Absorption Which part of the GIT makes the intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption? The stomach Where does the bile duct open? The duodenum Where does the pancreatic duct open? The duodenum Dr Adel Bondok® What are the parts of the large intestine? 1. Cecum 2. Vermiform appendix 4 3. Ascending colon 4. Transverse colon 3 5 5. Descending colon 1 6. Sigmoid colon 2 6 7. Rectum 7 8. Anal canal 8 Dr Adel Bondok ® List 4 differences between Large & Small Intestine Large Intestine Small Intestine 1.5 meters 6 meters 3 Taenia coli No Taenia coli Sacculations (Haustration) Smooth wall Epiploic appendages No Epiploic appendages (fat-filled pouches) Dr Adel Bondok®  What are the functions of the liver? 1. Produces bile Dr Adel Bondok® 2. Produces the blood proteins (albumin) 3. Stores glucose as glycogen 4. Stores fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) 5. Metabolizes lipids and amino acids 6. Detoxifies drugs, alcohol and poisons What is the function of the gall bladder? Storage and concentration of bile What are the functions of the pancreas? 1. Exocrine part: pancreatic juice (digestive enzymes) 2. Endocrine part: produces insulin & glucagon M ansoura anchester THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Dr Adel Bondok  THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEM STARTS AT THE NOSE PHARYNX LARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHI LUNGS DIAPHRAGM START WITH THE NOSE Dr Adel Bondok®  4 Paranasal Sinuses Spaces Filled F With Air E FRONTAL ETHMOIDAL M MAXILLARY SPHENOID Dr Adel Bondok ®  THE PHARYNX DIVISIONS: 3 1. NASOPHARYNX: behind the nose 2. OROPHARYNX: behind the oral cavity 3. LARYNGOPHARYNX: behind the larynx Dr Adel Bondok®  THE LARYNX It is formed of 9 cartilages It contains the vocal cords for sound production  Trachea and Bronchial Tree 1 1. The trachea is 10 – 12 cm long. 2 2 2. It splits into two primary bronchi 3. Each primary bronchus branches & rebranches into bronchioles 4. Each bronchiole terminates in alveoli Trachea ➔ Pimary bronchi ➔ Bronchioles ➔ Alveoli 4 3  PRIMARY BRONCHI RIGHT BRONCHUS LEFT BRONCHUS Shorter: 1” Longer: 2” Wider Narrower Straight More In Line with Oblique the trachea Horizontal Therefore, inhaled foreign body enters the right bronchus & right lung THE LUNGS  THE LUNGS 1 rounded by membrane called pleura The right lung has 2 fissures & 3 2 3 lobes Right The left lung has 1 fissure & 2 lobes The right lung is divided into 10 1 segments The left lung is usually divided 2 into 8 segments Dr Adel Bondok® Left  RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG Shorter: liver below Rt Longer Wider Narrower: heart on Lt side 3 Lobes 2 Lobes 2 Fissures 1 Fissure 10 Segments Usually 8 Segments Dr Adel Bondok® Dr Adel Bondok® DISEASES OF THE LUNG Dr Adel Bondok ® DISEASES OF THE LUNG 1. Bronchial asthma 2. Bronchitis 3. Pneumonia 4. Cystic fibrosis 5. Lung cancer Dr Adel Bondok ®  Bronchial Asthma Is narrowing of the bronchial tubes It is allergic disease triggered by irritants such as fumes, dust, drugs and cigarette smoke Dr Adel Bondok ®  Bronchitis: Is inflammation of the bronchial tubes Pneumonia: Is inflammation of the lung alveoli Cystic fibrosis: Is genetic disease that causes excessive mucous production obstructing the airways  LUNG CANCER: Is the most common cancer among smokers In USA, 80% of nonsmokers with lung cancer are women  Best Wishes Dr Adel Bondok®