INTRODUCTION TO MULTICULTURALISM.docx

**INTRODUCTION TO MULTICULTURALISM** - Multiculturalism comes from English, namely from the words [MULTI] and [CULTURAL.] - multiculturalism is a term used to describe a person's view of the variety of life in the world. - Multiculturalism can also be referred to as a cultural polic...

**INTRODUCTION TO MULTICULTURALISM** - Multiculturalism comes from English, namely from the words [MULTI] and [CULTURAL.] - multiculturalism is a term used to describe a person's view of the variety of life in the world. - Multiculturalism can also be referred to as a cultural policy that emphasizes acceptance of the diversity and various kinds of cultures (multicultural) that exist in people's lives. **Lawrence Blum** - Multiculturalism is something that includes understanding, appreciating, and appraising one's culture, as well as respect and curiosity about the ethnic culture of other people. **TYPES OF MULTICULTURALISM** [Accomodative Multiculturalism] -  includes people who have a dominant culture that makes certain adjustments and accommodations for the cultural needs of minorities. - The community here formulates and applies culturally sensitive laws, statutes, and provisions. - Society also gives freedom to minorities to maintain and develop their culture. - This accommodative multiculturalism is applied in several countries in Europe. [Interactive Or Critical Multiculturalism] - Interactive or critical multiculturalism includes a [plural society](https://sinaumedia.com/plurality-definition-discussion-and-examples/) where cultural groups are not too focused or concerned with autonomous cultural life. - They rather form a collective creation that reflects and affirms their own distinctive perspectives. [Interactive Or Critical Multiculturalism] - Interactive or critical multiculturalism includes a [plural society](https://sinaumedia.com/plurality-definition-discussion-and-examples/) where cultural groups are not too focused or concerned with autonomous cultural life. - They rather form a collective creation that reflects and affirms their own distinctive perspectives. [Isolationist Multiculturalism] - Isolationist multiculturalism refers to a society in which various cultural groups live autonomously and engage in minimal interaction with one another. [Cosmopolitan Multiculturalism] - This cosmopolitan multiculturalism includes efforts to eliminate cultural boundaries to create a society that is no longer bound to a particular culture. - And conversely, freely involved in intercultural experiments and at the same time develop their own cultural life. **ELEMENTS OF MULTICULTURALISM** 1. **[TRIBES]** - There are 110 indigenous and tribes in the Philippines - Example of tribes are: Igorot, Gaddang, Ybanag, Itawis, Ilongot, etc. 2. **[RACE ]** - The ancestors of the vast majority of the population were of Malay descent and came from the Southeast Asian mainland as well as from what is now Indonesia. 3. **[Religion and Belief]** - Christianity is the majority faith in the Philippines, making up approximately 90% of the population.  - The overwhelming majority are [Catholic](https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/rpl/faq/catholicism-philippines), followed by Protestant Christians including the popular [Iglesia ni Cristo](https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/rpl/faq/iglesia-ni-cristo), independent Christian churches, and indigenous Catholic churches such as the [Aglipayan Church](https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/rpl/faq/aglipayan-church). - The southern part of the country, the Mindanao region are Muslim. 4. **[Ideology]** - ideology has a strong influence on behavior. - *Utang na Loob*, *Sakop* orientation, and *Bahala Na* are three dominant ideologies commonly shared among Filipinos. - Most Filipino moral ideologies manifest a synthesis of Asian, Spanish and American traditions. 5. **[Political]** - Politics is an attempt to enforce social order. - Philippine politic is influenced by both western and eastern culture. 6. **[Manners]** - Manners are all actions, behaviors, customs, manners, greetings, words and abilities in accordance with certain rules and norms. - Filipinos are generally quite accepting of Western people and their behavior. Tourists visiting Manila need not worry about any customs or cultural etiquette. General manners and good behavior are enough. 7. **[Social Gap]** - The Philippines has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world - There are three primary classes in the Philippines, the low-income class, middle -- income class and the high-income class. 8. **[Economic Gap]** - There are differences in income between people. - Income distribution in the Philippines is highly uneven and poverty rates are higher than in other ASEAN countries. **Causes of multiculturalism** 1. Geographical factors; In an area that has different geographical conditions, there will definitely be differences in the community. - **climatic factors; **In an area that has different climatic conditions, there will definitely be differences in the community. - **Foreign cultural influences; **people who already know foreign cultures are likely to be affected by these foreign cultural habits. **[CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTICULTURALISM]** 1. Presence of people of different cultures, ethnicities, and nationalities living in the same country. 2. Peaceful co-existence and greater tolerance are observed between the different cultures. 3. The immigrants (i.e. those who arrive in the host country) can choose to integrate or assimilate with the host\'s culture. 4. The policies and rules of the host country are conducive to developing a peaceful state, culturally. 5. The host benefits by gaining a diverse pool of people who contribute with their knowledge, productivity, and skills; and the immigrants might find a better lifestyle, better financial earnings, or even better safety in the host country. **[IMPORTANCE OF CULTURALISM]** 1. **Identification of culture** - enables us to get acquainted with different cultures but also inculcates in the attitude of respect for the culture of others besides their own culture, sensitivity and empathy towards the culture of others. 2. **To Create Cultural Integration** - It has positive effect to the whole country. - Help foster a sense of belonging to different cultures in the society 3. **To develop responsible citizenship** - Intelligent and responsible citizens are the wealth of the country 4. **To create broad positive social approaches** - social development is not possible without inculcating social awareness, it is possible to inculcate a comprehensive positive social attitude through multicultural education. In fact, it takes time 5. **Cultivate global spirit** - In today\'s 21st century era of competition, integration into a global culture is essential 6. **Create unity through diversity** - multicultural is important to inculcate the feeling that we are all Filipinos without cultural differences in order to realize the principle of secularism **[COMPONENTS]** 1. Values cultural pluralism. 2. Promotes social justice, cultural democracy, and equity and strives to make certain these goals are realized. 3. Promotes the development of attitudes, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society. 4. Extends well beyond race, ethnicity, social class, and gender and extends to differences in religion, sexual orientation, disability, age, and geographic region. Each dimension contributes to individual and collective diversity. 5. Emphasizes the importance of using multiple perspectives to study multiple cultures. 6. Is an essential component of analytical thinking. 7. Promotes change within and across individuals, organizations, and society. 8. Means becoming honest about and confronting painful realities about self, one's own group, and our society 9. Concerned with achieving positive individual, community, and societal outcomes. It values inclusion, cooperation, and movement toward mutually shared goals. **[MISCONCEPTIONS ON MULTICULTURALISM]** 1. People from the same nation or geographical region or those who speak the same language, share a common culture. 2. Families from the same culture share the same the values. 3. Multicultural education just includes ethnic or racial issues. - Multicultural education should be reserve for older children who are less egocentric or ethnocentric - We do not need multicultural education because we already acknowledge its cultural diversity. - Most people identify with one culture.