Introduction To Maternal And Child Health Nursing PDF

INTRODUCTION TO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT RIZZA LYNN T. MARTINEZ, RN, MBA  INTRODUCTION Maternal and Child Health refer to mother and child relationship to one another and consideration of the entire family as well as...

INTRODUCTION TO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT RIZZA LYNN T. MARTINEZ, RN, MBA  INTRODUCTION Maternal and Child Health refer to mother and child relationship to one another and consideration of the entire family as well as the culture and socio-economic environment as framework of the patient. It involves the care of the woman and family throughout pregnancy and childbirth and the health promotion and illness care for the children and families.  GOAL of MCHN Promotion and maintenance of optimal family health  SCOPE OF PRACTICE Preconception health care Care of women during three trimesters of pregnancy and the puerperium (the 6weeks after childbirth, sometimes termed the fourth trimester of pregnancy) Care of infants during the perinatal period (the time span beginning at 20 weeks of pregnancy to 4 weeks [28 days] after birth) Care of children from birth through late adolescent Care in a variety of hospital and home care settings  PHILOSOPHY of MCHN Maternal and child health nursing is family centered; assessment must include both family and individual assessment data. Maternal and child health nursing is community centered; the health of families depends on and influences the health of communities. Maternal and child health nursing is evidence based, because this is the means whereby critical knowledge. A maternal and child health nurse serves as an advocate to protect the rights of all family members, including the fetus.  PHILOSOPHY of MCHN Personal, cultural, and religious attitudes and beliefs influence the meaning and impact of childbearing and childrearing on families. Circumstances such as illness or pregnancy are meaningful only in the context of a total life. Maternal and child health nursing is a challenging role for nurses and a major factor in keeping families well and optimally functioning.  PHILOSOPHY of MCHN Maternal and child health nursing includes a high degree of independent nursing functions, because teaching and counseling are major interventions. Promoting health and disease prevention are important nursing roles because these protect the health of the next generation. Maternal and child health nurses serve as important resources for families during childbearing and childrearing as these can be extremely stressful times in a life cycle.  Maternal and Child Health Goals and Standards Healthcare technology has contributed to a number of important advances in maternal and child health care. Immunization Childhood diseases - measles and poliomyelitis almost have been eradicated New fertility drugs and fertility techniques allow more couples to conceive. The ability to prevent preterm birth and improve the quality of life for both preterm and late preterm infants has increased. Stem cell therapy may make it possible to replace diseased cells with new growth cells and cure these illnesses.  GLOBAL HEALTH GOALS To end poverty and hunger. To achieve universal primary education. To promote gender equality and empower women. To reduce child mortality. To improve maternal health. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. To ensure environmental sustainability. To develop a global partnership for development.  GLOBAL HEALTH GOALS The establishment of global health goals is a major step forward in improving the health of all people, as contagious diseases, poverty, and gender inequality do not respect national boundaries but follow people across the world and into all nations (UN, 2000).  Health Setting Magnet Status Magnet Status is a credential furnished by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), an affiliate of the American Nurses Association, to hospitals that meet a rigorous set of criteria designed to improve the strength and quality of nursing care. Major Categories Transformational leadership. Structural empowerment. Exemplary professional practice. New knowledge, innovation, and improvements. Empirical quality results.  Major Categories 1. Transformational leadership. This is the ability of nurses in the designated 65 organization to convert their organization’s values, beliefs, and behaviors in order to create a high professional level of nursing care. 2. Structural empowerment. This refers to the ability to provide an innovative environment where strong professional practice can flourish with regard to the hospital’s mission, vision, and values.  Major Categories 3. Exemplary professional practice. The setting demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the role of nursing; the application of that role with patients, families, communities, and the interdisciplinary team is clear, so new knowledge and evidence can be applied to nursing care. 4. New knowledge, innovation, and improvements. The organization demonstrates strong nursing leadership, empowered professionals, and exemplary practice while contributing to patient care.  Major Categories 5. Empirical quality results. The hospital demonstrates solid structure and processes where strong professional practice can flourish and where the mission, vision, and values come to life as the organization achieves the outcomes believed to be important for the organization (ANCC, 2012). According to the ANCC; “Magnet hospitals attract and maintain top talent; improve patient care, safety and satisfaction; foster a collaborative culture; advance nursing standards and practice; and grow business and financial success” (ANCC, n.d.) FRAMEWORK FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING Maternal and child health nursing can be visualized within a framework in which nurses use: Nursing process Nursing theory Quality & Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) FRAMEWORK FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING Four phases of health care 1.Health promotion 2.Health maintenance 3.Health restoration 4.Health rehabilitation  NURSING PROCESS Nursing Process - It is a scientific form of problem solving, serves as the basis for assessing, making a nursing diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluating care. - It is a process broad enough to serve as the basis for modern nursing care because it is applicable to all healthcare settings, from the home to ambulatory clinics to intensive care units.  NURSING THEORY Nursing theories are designed to offer helpful ways to view patients so nursing activities can be created to best meet patient needs Calistra Roy’s theory - stresses that an important role of the nurse is to help patients adapt to change caused by illness or other stressors  NURSING THEORY Dorothea Orem’s theory - concentrates on examining patients’ ability to perform self-care Patricia Benner’s theory - describes the way nurses move from novice to expert as they become more experienced and prepared to give interprofessional care QSEN: QUALITY & SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES To challenged nursing leaders to improve the quality of nursing care and to build the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to help achieve that level of care into prelicensure and graduate programs. 5 Competencies 1. Patient-centered care 2. Teamwork and collaboration 3. Quality improvement 4. Informatics 5. Evidence-based practice QSEN: QUALITY & SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES Patient-Centered Care - The patient is thought of as the source of control and full partner in the provision of compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for the patient’s preferences, values, and needs. QSEN: QUALITY & SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES Teamwork and Collaboration - Nurses function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making as they achieve quality patient care. QSEN: QUALITY & SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES Evidence-Based Practice - Nurses integrate the best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care. Quality Improvement (QI) - Nurses use data to monitor the outcomes of care and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems. QSEN: QUALITY & SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES Safety - Nurses minimize the risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance. Informatics - Nurses use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.  EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE - It is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence to make decisions about the care of patients. - Evidence can be a combination of research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences or values.  NURSING RESEARCH Nursing research is a systematic investigation of problems that have implications for nursing practice usually carried out by nurses. Examining nursing care in this way results in improved and cost-effective patient care as it provides evidence for action and justification for implementing activities. TRENDS IN THE MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING 1.Families are smaller in size than in previous decades. 2.Single parents are increasing i number. 3.An increasing number of mothers work outside the home. 4.Families are more mobile than previously. 5.abuse in a more common than ever before. 6.Families are more health conscious than previously. 7.Health care must respect cost containment.  UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING Diversity - is a mixture or variety of sociodemographic groups, experiences, and beliefs in the population. Culture - is a view of the world and a set of traditions a specific social group uses and transmits to the next generation. TRANSCULTURAL NURSING - It is a care guided by cultural aspects and respects individual differences. Cultural values - are preferred ways of acting based on cultural traditions. They form early in life and strongly influence the manner in which people plan for childbearing and childrearing as well as the way they respond to health and illness UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING 1.Communication - language, non-verbal communication 2.Time orientation 3.Family structure 4.Religion and Spirituality 5.Nutritional practices 6.Pain responses  Nursing Role in Maternal and Child Health Preparing families for childbearing and childrearing. 1.Reproductive and sexual health 2.Family in need of reproductive life planning 3.Family having difficulty conceiving a child 4.Genetic assessment and counseling Nursing Role in Reproductive and Sexual Health To help patients better understand reproductive functioning and sexual health, specific teaching might include: Explaining to a school-age boy that nocturnal emissions are normal Teaching an early adolescent about normal anatomy and physiology and the process of reproduction Teaching a young adolescent safer sex practices Explaining reproductive physiology to a couple who wish to become pregnant.