Introduction to Enzymes PDF - La Trobe University

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of La Trobe University pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this...

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of La Trobe University pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Slide 1 Introduction to enzymes Module 1 - Enzymes Dr Sebastien Desbois Slide 2 Why are enzymes important? Muscle action Sunlight Immune system Enzymes Metabolism Enzymes Coagulation Energy Digestion Enzymes Enzymes Reproduction Food & Nutrients Cell motility drinks Synaptic transmission Enzymes Nucleic acids Chemical Enzymes Proteins building Cells blocks Tissues Slide 3 Some recap… Protein structure Slide 4 What are enzymes? Mostly proteins, very occasionally some RNA ATP synthase Lysozyme VS ribozyme PDB ID: 5FIL PDB ID: 1L58 PDB ID: 5V3I Slide 5 What do enzymes do? Speed up very specialised reactions Responsible for a single reaction sometimes as precise as a single steric isomer (same formula, different conformation) Regulate most biochemical reactions Avoid production of too much of a certain compound Save energy Regulate the balance in the body Slide 6 Some examples… No life without them Salivary amylase Pepsin Pancreatic amylase Pancreatic lipase Trypsin Lactase => lactose intolerance Maltase Peptidase Digestion Sucrase-isomaltase => congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency Slide 7 Some examples… Attack and defense Snake venom Tears and saliva Defense mechanism against phages Slide 8 Applications of enzymes Biotechnology and research Analysis Novel fuel cloning and development detection Every day life and food industry Bread Wine Laundry and detergent and dairy beer Medical fields and diagnostics Drug development Cancer and myocardial Therapies infarction detection Slide 9 Summary Enzymes are used in everything, everywhere, all the time Enzymes are proteins that increase the speed of a reaction To understand metabolism, which is the purpose of this unit, you need to understand how enzymes work Slide 10 Resources Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Seventh Edition (2017), W. H. Freeman and Company, Chapter 6 Slide 11