Introduction to Databases PDF

Introduction to Databases Importance: Essential in modern society. Used in various applications like banking, reservations, libraries, online shopping, and supermarkets. Types of Applications: Traditional: Bank systems, hotel reservations, libraries. Modern: GIS, social media networks. Wh...

Introduction to Databases Importance: Essential in modern society. Used in various applications like banking, reservations, libraries, online shopping, and supermarkets. Types of Applications: Traditional: Bank systems, hotel reservations, libraries. Modern: GIS, social media networks. What is a Database? Data: Facts with meaning (e.g., names, phone numbers, addresses). Database: Collection of data representing a part of the real world (miniworld). Changes in the real world are reflected in the database. What is DBMS? Definition: Software to create, manage, and maintain databases. Allows defining, building, modifying, and sharing databases. Functions: Defining, constructing, manipulating, sharing, protecting, and maintaining databases. Types of Databases Users: Single-user or multiuser databases. Locations: Centralized or distributed databases. Usage: Operational databases or data warehouses. Characteristics of Database Approach Self-Describing Nature: Database includes its description (meta-data) stored in the DBMS catalog. Program-Data Independence: Structure changes do not require program updates. Multiple Views: Different users can have different views of the data. Multiuser Transaction Processing: Allows multiple users to access the database simultaneously. Workers Behind the Scene Roles: DBMS system designers, tool developers, operators, and maintenance staff. Historical Development of Database Technology Hierarchical Databases: Records arranged in a tree structure with one owner per record. Limited in handling complex relationships. Relational Databases: Separate data storage from structure, using high-level query languages. Offers flexibility, data abstraction, and program-data independence. Object-Oriented Databases: Stores complex objects with features like encapsulation and inheritance. Big Data and NoSQL Databases: Developed to handle large amounts of data from social media, e-commerce, and cloud storage. NoSQL means "Not Only SQL" for storing nontraditional data.